Mainz
Mainz
Mayence / Mentz / Määnz | |
---|---|
View of Mainz Cathedral from Wiesbaden Houses on Market Square Old Town Judensand (Jews' Sand) cemetery Mainz Cathedral and Rhine | |
Coat of arms | |
Urban district | |
Founded | 13/12 BC |
Subdivisions | 15 boroughs |
Government | |
• Lord mayor (2023–31) | Nino Haase[1] (Ind.) |
Area | |
• Total | 97.75 km2 (37.74 sq mi) |
Highest elevation | 285 m (935 ft) |
Lowest elevation | 85 m (279 ft) |
Population (2021-12-31)[2] | |
• Total | 217,556 |
• Density | 2,200/km2 (5,800/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal codes | 55116–55131 |
Dialling codes | 06131, 06136 |
Vehicle registration | MZ |
Website | www.mainz.de |
Official name | ShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz |
Type | Cultural |
Criteria | (ii)(iii)(vi) |
Designated | 2021 |
Reference no. | [1] |
Mainz (.
Mainz is located at the northern end of the
Mainz was founded as
Since the 12th century, Mainz was one of the
Mainz is the birthplace of Johannes Gutenberg, who introduced letterpress printing to Europe with his movable type printing press, starting the global spread of the printing press, and in the early 1450s manufactured his first books in the city, including the Gutenberg Bibles, two of which are kept at the city's Gutenberg Museum. Mainz was heavily damaged in World War II; more than 30 air raids destroyed around half of the old town in the city centre, but many buildings were rebuilt post-war.
Like most cities in the
Alternative names
Mainz has a number of
Before the 20th century, Mainz was commonly known in English as Mentz or by its French name of Mayence. It is the namesake of two American cities named Mentz.[7]
Geography
Topography
Mainz is on the 50th latitude north, on the
After the last ice age, sand dunes were deposited in the Rhine valley at what was to become the western edge of the city. The Mainz Sand Dunes area is now a nature reserve with a unique landscape and rare steppe vegetation for this area.[13][14]
While the Mainz legion camp was founded in 13/12 BC on the Kästrich hill, the associated
Climate
Mainz experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb).
Climate data for Mainz | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.4 (38.1) |
5.3 (41.5) |
9.7 (49.5) |
14.2 (57.6) |
19 (66) |
22.0 (71.6) |
24 (75) |
23.6 (74.5) |
20.1 (68.2) |
14.3 (57.7) |
8 (46) |
4.5 (40.1) |
14.0 (57.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.2 (29.8) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
1.9 (35.4) |
4.8 (40.6) |
8.7 (47.7) |
11.9 (53.4) |
13.4 (56.1) |
13.2 (55.8) |
10.3 (50.5) |
6.6 (43.9) |
2.5 (36.5) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
5.9 (42.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38 (1.5) |
36 (1.4) |
38 (1.5) |
38 (1.5) |
51 (2) |
58 (2.3) |
56 (2.2) |
53 (2.1) |
41 (1.6) |
43 (1.7) |
48 (1.9) |
46 (1.8) |
550 (21.5) |
Source: Intellicast[16] |
History
Roman Mogontiacum
The Roman stronghold or
Mogontiacum was an important military town throughout Roman times, probably due to its strategic position at the confluence of the Main and the Rhine.[20] The town of Mogontiacum grew up between the fort and the river. The castrum was the base of Legio XIV Gemina and XVI Gallica (AD 9–43), XXII Primigenia, IV Macedonica (43–70), I Adiutrix (70–88), XXI Rapax (70–89), and XIV Gemina (70–92), among others. Mainz was also a base of a Roman river fleet, the Classis Germanica. Remains of Roman troop ships (navis lusoria) and a patrol boat from the late 4th century were discovered in 1982/86 and may now be viewed in the Museum für Antike Schifffahrt. A temple dedicated to Isis Panthea and Magna Mater was discovered in 2000[21] and is open to the public. The city was the provincial capital of Germania Superior, and had an important funeral monument dedicated to Drusus, to which people made pilgrimages for an annual festival from as far away as Lyon. Among the famous buildings were the largest theatre north of the Alps and a bridge across the Rhine. The city was also the site of the assassination of emperor Severus Alexander in 235.
Alemanni forces under Rando sacked the city in 368. From the last day of 405[22] or 406, the Siling and Asding Vandals, the Suebi, the Alans, and other Germanic tribes crossed the Rhine, possibly at Mainz. Christian chronicles relate that the bishop, Aureus, was put to death by the Alemannian Crocus.[23]
Throughout the changes of time, the Roman castrum never seems to have been permanently abandoned as a military installation, which is a testimony to Roman military judgement. Different structures were built there at different times. The current citadel originated in 1660, but it replaced previous forts. It was used in World War II. One of the sights at the citadel is still the
Frankish Mainz
In the 4th century, Alemans repeatedly invaded the neighborhood of Mogontiacum.
The Franks from the middle and upper Rhine area took Mainz shortly before 460.[26] After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476, the Franks under the rule of Clovis I gained control over western Europe by the year 496.[27] Clovis, son of Childeric, became king of the Salians in 481, ruling from Tournai.[28] He converted from paganism to Catholic Christianity.[28] Theudebert I (c. 500–547 or 548) had installed Sidonius[29] as bishop of Mainz.[30] Dagobert I (605/603–639) reinforced the walls of Mainz.[31][32]
Charlemagne (768–814), through a succession of wars against other tribes, built a vast Frankish empire in Europe. Mainz from its central location became important to the empire and to Christianity.[33] Meanwhile, language change was gradually working to divide the Franks. After the death of Charlemagne, distinctions between France and Germany began to be made.[34][35] The Rhine roughly formed the border of their territories, whereby the three important episcopal cities of Mainz, Worms and Speyer with their counties to the left of the Rhine were assigned to East Francia.[26][36]
Christian Mainz
In the early
From the time of Willigis until the end of the
In 1244, Archbishop
-
Mainz Cathedral, western main tower
-
Monument toSt. Bonifacebefore Mainz Cathedral
-
St. Martin's Cathedral in Mainz, byWenzel Hollar; pen-and-ink drawing 1632
Early Jewish community
The Jewish community of Mainz dates to the 10th century CE. It is noted for its religious education. Rabbi Gershom ben Judah (960–1040) taught there, among others.[46] He concentrated on the study of the Talmud, creating a German Jewish tradition. Mainz is also the legendary home of the martyred Rabbi Amnon of Mainz, composer of the Unetanneh Tokef prayer.[47] From the late 12th century rabbis met in synods.[48]
The city of Mainz responded to the Jewish population in a variety of ways, behaving in a capricious manner towards them. Sometimes they were allowed freedom and were protected; at other times, they were persecuted. The Jews were expelled in 1438, 1462 (after which they were invited to return), and in 1470.[49] Jews were attacked in the Rhineland massacres of 1096 and by mobs in 1283.[50] Outbreaks of the Black Death were usually blamed on the Jews, at which times they were massacred, such as the murder of 6000 Jews in 1349.[51]
Outside of the medieval city centre, there is a Jewish cemetery, with over 1500 headstones dating from the 11th through the 19th centuries.[46] The earliest known gravestone is date to 1062 or 1063, and these early gravestones resemble those found in Italy in the 8th–9th centuries.[46]
Nowadays the Jewish community is growing rapidly, and a
Republic of Mainz
During the
In 1797, the French returned. The army of
Rhenish Hesse
In 1816, the part of the former French Département which is known today as Rhenish Hesse (German: Rheinhessen) was awarded to the Hesse-Darmstadt, Mainz being the capital of the new Hessian province of Rhenish Hesse. From 1816 to 1866, a part of the German Confederation, Mainz was the most important fortress in the defence against France, and had a strong garrison of Austrian, Prussian and Bavarian troops.[58]
On the afternoon of 18 November 1857, a huge explosion rocked Mainz when the city's powder magazine, the Pulverturm, exploded. Approximately 150 people were killed and at least 500 injured; 57 buildings were destroyed and a similar number severely damaged in what was to be known as the Powder Tower Explosion or Powder Explosion.[59][60][61]
During the
Industrial expansion
For centuries the inhabitants of the
Eduard Kreyßig was the man who made this happen.[65] Having been the master-builder of the city of Mainz since 1865, Kreyßig had the vision for the new part of town, the Neustadt.[65] He also planned the first sewer system for the old part of town since Roman times and persuaded the city government to relocate the railway line from the Rhine side to the west end of the town. The main station was built from 1882 to 1884 according to the plans of Philipp Johann Berdellé .[66]
Kreyßig constructed a number of state-of-the-art public buildings, including the Mainz town hall – which was the largest of its kind in Germany at that time – as well a synagogue,
20th century
During the
In 1923 Mainz participated in the Rhineland separatist movement that proclaimed a Rhenish Republic.[72] It collapsed in 1924.[72] The French withdrew on 30 June 1930.[72] Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany in January 1933 and his political opponents, especially those of the Social Democratic Party, were either incarcerated or murdered.[73] Some were able to move away from Mainz in time.[73] One was the political organizer for the SPD, Friedrich Kellner, who went to Laubach, where, as the chief justice inspector of the district court, he continued his opposition against the Nazis by recording their misdeeds in a 900-page diary.[74][75]
In March 1933, a detachment from the
During World War II the citadel at Mainz hosted the Oflag XII-B prisoner of war camp.[77] The city was also the location of four subcamps of the Hinzert concentration camp, mostly for Luxembourgish, Polish, Dutch and Soviet prisoners, but also Belgian, French and Italian.[78]
During World War II, several air raids destroyed about 80 per cent of the city's centre, including most of the historic buildings.[79] Mainz was captured on 22 March 1945[79] against uneven German resistance (staunch in some sectors and weak in other parts of the city) by the 90th Infantry Division under William A. McNulty, a formation of the XII Corps under Third Army commanded by General George S. Patton Jr.[80]
From 1945 to 1949, the city was part of the
Following the withdrawal of French forces from Mainz, the
Cityscape
Architecture
The destruction caused by the bombing of Mainz during World War II led to the most intense phase of building in the history of the town. During the last war in Germany, more than 30 air raids destroyed about 80 per cent of the city's centre, including most of the historic buildings.[84] The attack on the afternoon of 27 February 1945 remains the most destructive of all 33 bombings that Mainz has suffered in World War II in the collective memory of most of the population living then. The air raid caused most of the dead and made an already hard-hit city largely levelled.[85][86][87] Nevertheless, the post-war reconstruction took place very slowly. While cities such as Frankfurt had been rebuilt fast by a central authority, only individual efforts were initially successful in rebuilding Mainz. The reason for this was that the French wanted Mainz to expand and become a model city. Mainz lay within the
Main sights
- Romano-Germanic Central Museum(Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum). It is home to Roman, Medieval, and earlier artifacts.
- Museum of Ancient Seafaring (Museum für Antike Schifffahrt). It houses the remains of five Roman boats from the late 4th century, discovered in the 1980s.
- Roman remains, including Jupiter's column, Drusus' mausoleum, the ruins of the theatre and the aqueduct.
- Mainz Cathedral of St. Martin (Mainzer Dom), over 1,000 years old.
- St. John's Church, 7th-century church building
- Staatstheater Mainz
- The Iron Tower (Eisenturm, tower at the former iron market), a 13th-century gate-tower.
- The Wood Tower (Holzturm, tower at the former wood market), a 15th-century gate tower.
- The Gutenberg Museum – exhibits an original Gutenberg Bible amongst many other printed books from the 15th century and later.
- The Mainz Old Town – what's left of it, the half south of the cathedral survived World War II.
- The old arsenal, the central arsenal of the fortress Mainz during the 17th and 18th century
- The Electoral Palace (Kurfürstliches Schloss), residence of the prince-elector.
- The Marktbrunnen, one of the largest Renaissance fountains in Germany.
- Domus Universitatis (1615), for centuries the tallest edifice in Mainz.
- Christ Church (Christuskirche), built 1898–1903, bombed in 1945 and rebuilt in 1948–1954.
- The Church of St. Stephan, with post-war windows by Marc Chagall.
- Citadel.
- The ruins of the church St. Christoph, a World War II memorial
- Schönborner Hof (1668).
- Rococo churches of St. Augustin (the Augustinerkirche, Mainz) and St. Peter (the Peterskirche, Mainz).
- Churches of St. Ignatius (1763) and St. Quintin.
- Erthaler Hof (1743)
- The Baroque Bassenheimer Hof (1750)
- The Botanischer Garten der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, a botanical garden maintained by the university
- Landesmuseum Mainz, state museum with archaeology and art.
- Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (ZDF) – one of the largest public German TV-Broadcaster.
- New synagogue in Mainz
- Old Jewish Cemetery Mainz (Judensand) – ShUM city of Mainz, UNESCO World Heritage Site[4]
- Kunsthalle Mainz – museum for contemporary art
- Humbrechthof, later called Schöfferhof, the building in which Johannes Gutenberg developed his technique of printing
Administration
The city of Mainz is divided into 15 local districts according to the main statute of the city of Mainz. Each local district has a district administration of 13 members and a directly elected mayor, who is the chairman of the district administration. This local council decides on important issues affecting the local area, however, the final decision on new policies is made by Mainz's municipal council.[95]
In accordance with section 29 paragraph 2 Local Government Act of Rhineland-Palatinate, which refers to municipalities of more than 150,000 inhabitants, the city council has 60 members.[95]
Districts of the town are:[96]
|
Until 1945, the districts of
Coat of arms
The coat of arms of Mainz is derived from the coat of arms of the
Population
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
50 | 16,000 | — |
750 | 5,000 | −68.8% |
1300 | 24,000 | +380.0% |
1545 | 10,000 | −58.3% |
1700 | 20,000 | +100.0% |
1816 | 25,251 | +26.3% |
1871 | 53,902 | +113.5% |
1900 | 84,251 | +56.3% |
1910 | 110,634 | +31.3% |
1925 | 108,552 | −1.9% |
1933 | 142,627 | +31.4% |
1939 | 158,333 | +11.0% |
1945 | 40,000 | −74.7% |
1951 | 96,005 | +140.0% |
1956 | 115,812 | +20.6% |
1961 | 135,192 | +16.7% |
1966 | 149,387 | +10.5% |
1971 | 178,639 | +19.6% |
1981 | 187,564 | +5.0% |
1991 | 182,867 | −2.5% |
2001 | 185,293 | +1.3% |
2006 | 196,425 | +6.0% |
2011 | 200,957 | +2.3% |
2016 | 213,528 | +6.3% |
2019 | 218,578 | +2.4% |
Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. |
Mainz has a population of about 220,000 and is the largest city in Rhineland-Palatinate. Mainz passed 100,000 in 1908. In 1945, After WWII, right side of the Rhine river, which were a part of Mainz, became a part of Wiesbaden and other part of Hesse due to its occupation zone where Mainz and Rhineland-Palatinate were French occupation zone and Wiesbaden and Hesse were American occupation zone where both cities became its state capital in 1946. Mainz lost 21.1% of population at this time. Mainz and Wiesbaden has rivalries who the better city on the Rhine river are even today. Mainz became an attractive city, especially for young people due to its radio and television broadcasters, Universities and good workplaces. Mainz's population grow normally and Mainz passed 200,000 in 2011.
Foreign populations
The following list shows the largest foreign populations in Mainz as of 2022[update]:
Rank | Nationality | Population (2022) |
---|---|---|
1 | Turkey | 5,424 |
2 | Italy | 3,875 |
3 | Poland | 3,300 |
4 | Serbia | 2,739 |
5 | Ukraine | 2,587 |
6 | Bulgaria | 2,126 |
7 | Portugal | 1,920 |
8 | Russia | 1,790 |
9 | Syria | 1,612 |
10 | Morocco | 1,325 |
11 | Spain | 1,106 |
12 | France | 942 |
Politics
Mayor
The mayor of Mainz was Michael Ebling of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) until he was promoted State Minister of the Interior in the government of Rhineland-Palatinate in 2022. The new mayoral election was held on 12 February 2023, with a runoff after Mainz carnival. The final election took place 5 March 2023. The new elected is Nino Haase, independent.[100]
Election 2019 of the council:[needs update]
Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
Michael Ebling | Social Democratic Party | 30,278 | 41.0 | 35,752 | 55.2 | |
Nino Haase | Independent (CDU, ÖDP, FW) | 23,968 | 32.4 | 29,029 | 44.8 | |
Tabea Rößner | Alliance 90/The Greens | 16,621 | 22.5 | |||
Martin Malcherek | The Left | 2,063 | 2.8 | |||
Martin Ehrhardt | Die PARTEI | 999 | 1.4 | |||
Valid votes | 73,929 | 99.6 | 64,781 | 99.4 | ||
Invalid votes | 289 | 0.4 | 372 | 0.6 | ||
Total | 74,218 | 100.0 | 65,153 | 100.0 | ||
Electorate/voter turnout | 161,967 | 45.8 | 162,030 | 40.2 | ||
Source: City of Mainz (1st round, 2nd round) |
City council
The Mainz city council governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 26 May 2019, and the results were as follows:
Party | Votes | % | +/- | Seats | +/- | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) | 1,582,459 | 27.7 | 7.5 | 17 | 5 | |
Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 1,339,561 | 23.5 | 6.9 | 14 | 4 | |
Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 1,151,572 | 20.2 | 7.2 | 12 | 5 | |
Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 340,501 | 6.0 | 0.9 | 4 | 1 | |
The Left (Die Linke) | 335,459 | 5.9 | 1.3 | 4 | 1 | |
Alternative for Germany (AfD) | 302,604 | 5.3 | 2.3 | 3 | 1 | |
Ecological Democratic Party (ÖDP) | 238,727 | 4.2 | 0.2 | 2 | ±0 | |
Die PARTEI | 127,581 | 2.2 | New | 1 | New | |
Free Voters (FW) | 108,701 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 1 | ±0 | |
Pirate Party (Piraten) | 78,595 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 1 | ±0 | |
Volt Germany (Volt) | 67,376 | 1.2 | New | 1 | New | |
Alliance for Innovation and Justice (BIG) | 31,419 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0 | ±0 | |
Total votes | 5,704,555 | 100.0 | ||||
Total ballots | 100,522 | 100.0 | 60 | ±0 | ||
Electorate/voter turnout | 162,321 | 61.9 | 11.0 | |||
Source: City of Mainz |
Culture
Mainz is home to a Carnival, the Mainzer Fassenacht or Fastnacht, which has developed since the early 19th century. Carnival in Mainz has its roots in the criticism of social and political injustices under the shelter of cap and bells. Today, the uniforms of many traditional Carnival clubs still imitate and caricature the uniforms of the French and Prussian troops of the past. The height of the carnival season is on Rosenmontag ("rose Monday"), when there is a large parade in Mainz, with more than 500,000 people celebrating in the streets.[101][102]
The first-ever Katholikentag, a festival-like gathering of German Catholics, was held in Mainz in 1848.[103]
Johannes Gutenberg, credited with the invention of a modern printing press with movable type, was born here and died here.[104] Since 1968 the Mainzer Johannisnacht commemorates the person Johannes Gutenberg in his native city. The Mainz University, which was refounded in 1946, is named after Gutenberg; the earlier University of Mainz that dated back to 1477 had been closed down by Napoleon's troops in 1798.[105]
Mainz was one of three important centres of Jewish theology and learning in Central Europe during the Middle Ages. Known collectively as Shum, the cities of Speyer, Worms and Mainz played a key role in the preservation and propagation of Talmudic scholarship.[106][107]
The city is the seat of Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (literally, "Second German Television", ZDF), one of two federal nationwide TV broadcasters. There are also a couple of radio stations based in Mainz. The Mainzer Stadtschreiber (City clerk in Mainz) is an annual German literature award.[108]
Other cultural aspects of the city include:
- As city in the Greater Region, Mainz participated in the program of the year of European Capital of Culture2007.
- The Walk of Fame of Cabaret may be found nearby the Schillerplatz.
- The music publisher Schott Musicis located in Mainz.
- One of the oldest brass instrument manufacturers in the world, Gebr. Alexander is located in Mainz.
- Fans of Gospel music enjoy the yearly performances of Colours of Gospel.
- Every one or two years a festival for improvised music between jazz, avant-garde and rock with a line-up of international renowned musicians takes place, the Akut-Festival.
Education
- University of Mainz
- University of Applied Sciences Mainz
- Catholic University of Applied Sciences Mainz
Sports
The local football club
The local wrestling club ASV Mainz 1888 is currently in the top division of team wrestling in Germany, the Bundesliga. In 1973, 1977 and 2012 the ASV Mainz 1888 won the German championship.[114]
In 2007 the Mainz Athletics won the German Men's Championship in baseball.[115][116]
As a result of the 2008 invasion of Georgia by Russian troops, Mainz acted as a neutral venue for the Georgian Vs Republic of Ireland football game.[117]
The biggest basketball club in the city is the ASC Theresianum Mainz. Its men's team is playing in the Regionalliga and its women's team is playing in the 2.DBBL.[118]
USC Mainz
Universitäts-Sportclub Mainz (University Sports Club Mainz) is a German sports club based in Mainz (Germany). It was founded on 9 September 1959[119] by Berno Wischmann primarily for students of the University of Mainz. It is considered one of the most powerful Athletics Sports clubs in Germany. 50 athletes of USC have distinguished themselves in a half-century in club history at Olympic Games, World and European Championships. In particular in the decathlon dominated USC athletes for decades: Already at the European Championships in Budapest in 1966, Mainz won three (Werner von Moltke, Jörg Mattheis and Horst Beyer) all decathlon medals. In the all-time list of the USC, there are nine athletes who have achieved more than 8,000 points – at the head of Siegfried Wentz (8762 points in 1983) and Guido Kratschmer (1980 world record with 8667 points). The most successful athlete of the association is more fighter, sprinter and long jumper Ingrid Becker (Olympic champion in 1968 in the pentathlon and Olympic champion in 1972 in the 4 × 100 Metres Relay and European champion in 1971 in the long jump). The most famous athletes of the present are the sprinter Marion Wagner (world champion in 2001 in the 4 × 100 Metres Relay) and the pole vaulters Carolin Hingst (Eighth of the 2008 Olympics in Beijing) and Anna Battke.[120]
Three world titles adorn the balance of USC Mainz. For the discus thrower, Lars Riedel attended (1991 and 1993) and the already mentioned sprinter Marion Wagner (2001). Added to 5 titles at the European Championships, a total of 65 international medals and 260 victories at the German Athletics Championships.[121]
The players of USC's basketball section played from the season 1968/69 to the season 1974/75 in the National Basketball League (BBL) of the German Basketball Federation (DBB). As a finalist to winning the DBB Cup in 1971 USC Mainz played in the
Mainz Athletics
The Baseball and Softball Club Mainz Athletics is a German baseball and softball club located in the city of Mainz in Rhineland-Palatinate. The Athletics is one of the largest clubs in the Baseball-Bundesliga Süd in terms of membership, claiming to have hundreds of active players. The club has played in the Baseball-Bundesliga for more than two decades and has won the German Championship in 2007 and 2016.
Economy
Wine centre
Mainz has been a wine-growing region since Roman times and is one of the centres of the
Other industries
The
Johann-Joseph Krug , founder of France's famous Krug champagne house in 1843, was born in Mainz in 1800.[129]
Transport
Mainz is a major transport hub in southern Germany. It is an important component in European distribution, as it has the fifth largest inter-modal port in Germany. The Port of Mainz, now handling mainly containers, is a sizable industrial area to the north of the city, along the banks of the Rhine. In order to open up space along the city's riverfront for residential development, it was shifted further northwards in 2010.[130]
Rail
Operational usage
In brief | |
---|---|
Number of passenger tracks above ground: |
7 main line ,1 branch, 1 tramway station, 2 tracks each |
Trains (daily): |
78 long-distance 440 regional |
Public transportation
The Mainz Central Station is an interchange point for the Mainz tramway network, and an important bus junction for the city and region (RNN, ORN and MVG).[132]
Cycling
Mainz offers a wide array of bicycle transportation facilities and events, including several miles of on-street bike lanes. The
Air transportation
Mainz is served by Frankfurt Airport, the busiest airport by passenger traffic in Germany by far, the third busiest in Europe and the ninth busiest worldwide in 2009. Located about 10 miles (16 kilometres) east of Mainz, it is connected to the city by an S-Bahn line.[134]
The small
Notable people
- List of people related to Mainz
- Archbishops of Mainz
- List of mayors of Mainz
Twin towns – sister cities
- Watford, United Kingdom (1956)
- Dijon, France (1957)
- Zagreb, Croatia (1967)
- Valencia, Spain (1978)
- Haifa, Israel (1981)
- Erfurt, Germany (1988)
- Louisville, United States (1994)
- Longchamp, France (1966, with Mainz-Laubenheim)
- Rodeneck, Italy (1977, with Mainz-Finthen)
Mainz has friendly relations with:
See also
- Johann Fust
- Johannes Gutenberg
- Peter Schöffer, apprentice of Gutenberg and early printer
References
Notes
Sources
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- Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz. 2022.
- ^ "Mainz definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary".
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- ^ "DOP: Dizionario di Ortografia e Pronunzia della lingua italiana". www.dizionario.rai.it. Archived from the original on 23 August 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ^ "Query in the KNAB database. Foreign names". EKI.ee. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- ^ "Neue Heimat Amerika". Lokale Nachrichten aus Mainz und Rheinhessen (in German). 14 May 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- ^ a b c "Landeshauptstadt Mainz". Landeshauptstadt Mainz (in German). 19 December 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ^ "Mainz". www.pfalz-info.com (in German). Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ^ "Metropolregion FrankfurtRheinMain". IHK Frankfurt am Main (in German). 28 November 2022. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ^ "RMV-Fahrplanauskunft". RMV.DE. 16 December 2022. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- ^ a b "Logistik und Transport". Landeshauptstadt Mainz (in German). 18 December 2014. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
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Further reading
- Hope, Valerie. Constructing Identity: The Roman Funerary Monuments of Aquelia, Mainz and Nîmes; British Archaeological Reports (16 July 2001) ISBN 978-1-84171-180-5
- Imhof, Michael and Simone Kestin: Mainz City and Cathedral Guide. Petersberg: ISBN 978-3-937251-93-6
- Mainz ("Vierteljahreshefte für Kultur, Politik, Wirtschaft, Geschichte"), since 1981
- Saddington, Denis. The stationing of auxiliary regiments in Germania Superior in the Julio-Claudian period
- Stanton, Shelby, World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946 (Revised Edition, 2006), Stackpole Books ISBN 978-0-8117-0157-0
- "Rede: UNESCO-Welterbe-Urkunde für die SchUM-Stätten". Der Bundespräsident(in German). Retrieved 1 February 2023.
External links
- Official website
- Catholic Encyclopedia. 1913. .
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 444–445. .
- Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921. .
- "ShUM Sites of Speyer, Worms and Mainz, Germany". Google Arts & Culture. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
- Duchhardt, Heinz (31 January 2023). ""Römer" in Mainz: Ein Doppelporträt aus der Frühgeschichte der "neuen" Mainzer Universität". Qfiab 94 (2014) (in German). 94: 292–310. Retrieved 31 January 2023.