Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim
Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq | |
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Parent |
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Family | Hakim family |
Biography
Early life
Al-Hakim was born in
Political activities in Iraq
Al-Hakim was head of the
Though not among the most hard-line of Islamists, Al-Hakim was seen as dangerous by the ruling
However, his sentence was commuted and he was released in July 1979.[7] The subsequent eruption of war between Iraq and largely Shia Iran led to an ever-increasing distrust of Iraq's Shia population by the ruling Ba'ath party; combined with his previous arrests, Al-Hakim defected to Iran in 1980.[1]
SCIRI and Iran
Safely in Iran under the protection of the Iranian government, Al-Hakim became an open enemy of the Ba'athists, forming the
Badr Brigades
The Badr Brigades were the military wing of SCIRI until 2003.
Return to Iraq
Al-Hakim returned to Iraq on 12 May 2003 following the overthrow of Saddam's regime by the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq after spending more than two decades of exile in neighboring Iran.[2] There he emerged as one of the most influential Iraqi leaders, with his longtime opposition to Saddam gaining him immense credibility, especially among the majority Shia population.[8]
Initially, he was very critical of the
Assassination
Al-Hakim was killed on 29 August 2003, when a
Perpetrators
On 30 August 2003, Iraqi authorities arrested four people in connection with the bombing: two former members of the
According to U.S. and Iraqi officials, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi was responsible for Hakim's assassination.[15][16] They claim that Abu Omar al-Kurdi, a top Zarqawi bombmaker who was captured in January 2005, confessed to carrying out this bombing.[15][16] They also cite Zarqawi's praising of the assassination in several audiotapes.[15][16] Muhammad Yassin Jarrad, the brother-in-law of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi claimed that his father, Yassin, was the suicide bomber in the attack.[15][16]
Oras Mohammed Abdulaziz, an alleged Al-Qaeda militant, was hanged in Baghdad in July 2007 after being sentenced to death in October 2006 for his role in the assassination of al-Hakim.[17]
Funeral
Hundreds of thousands of people attended his funeral in Najaf and showed their hatred of the US military occupation on 2 September 2003.[18] They protested the US forces and demanded their withdrawal from Iraq.[19]
His grave was petrol-bombed by anti-government protesters during the
See also
- Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
- Ayatollah Ali Khamenei
- Ayatollah Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah
- Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr
References
- ^ a b c "Cleric slain months after returning to Iraq". Reading Eagle. Baghdad. AP. 30 August 2003. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- ^ a b c Joffe, Lawrence (30 August 2003). "Obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Joffe, Lawrence (30 August 2003). "Ayatollah Mohammad Baqir al-Hakim". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
- ^ a b "Muhammad Baqir al- Hakim". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- ^ "Who is Muqtada al-Sadr?". CNN. 6 April 2004. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- ^ a b c Smyth, Frank (3 October 2003). "Iraq's Forgotten Majority". New York Times. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
- ^ ISBN 978-0812290387.
- ^ a b c d e f Kadhim, Abbas (26 July 2017). "A Major Crack in Iraqi Shia Politics". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
- ^ a b "Iraqi opposition 'moves troops in'". BBC News. 19 February 2003. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
- ^ IFP, Editorial Staff (9 March 2019). "No Power Capable of Dividing Iran, Iraq: Zarif". ifpnews.com. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
- ^ "Iraq's death squads: on the brink of civil war", The Independent, 26 February 2006.
- ^ Escobar, Pepe (2 September 2003). "Ayatollah's killing: Winners and losers". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 2 October 2003. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "U.S. Blamed For Mosque Attack". CBS News. 11 February 2009. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- ^ Cummins, Christopher (12 October 2016). "Shiites mark Ashura Day with Karbala pilgrimage". euronews.com. Euro news. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
- ^ a b c d "Zarqawi kin reportedly bombed shrine in Iraq", by Mohamad Bazzi, 7 February 2005
- ^ a b c d Mike Brunker. "Study uses 'martyr' posts to break down 'foreign fighters' aiding Syrian rebels". NBC News. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
- ^ Mroue, Bassem (6 June 2007). "Alleged Al Qaeda Militant Is Hanged". The Sun. Baghdad. AP. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- ^ "Mourners demand vengeance for cleric's death". The Guardian. AP. 2 September 2003. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- ^ McCarthy, Rory (3 September 2003). "Shia mourners demand end to US occupation". The Guardian. Najaf. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- ^ "Elites backed by Iran are clinging to power in Iraq". The Economist. 7 December 2019.