Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet
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Moldovan Cyrillic | |
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Script type | |
Time period | 1924–1932 1938–present |
Languages | Romanian in the Moldavian SSR and other parts of the former Soviet Union (known there as Moldovan) |
Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Phoenician alphabet
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Sister systems | Romanian Cyrillic alphabet |
The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet is a Cyrillic alphabet designed for the Romanian language spoken in the Soviet Union (Moldovan) and was in official use from 1924 to 1932 and 1938 to 1989 (and still in use today in the breakaway Moldovan region of Transnistria).
History
Until the 19th century, Romanian was usually written using a
There were several requests to switch back to the Latin alphabet, which was seen "more suitable for the Romance core of the language", in the Moldavian SSR. In 1965, the demands of the 3rd Congress of Writers of Soviet Moldavia were rejected by the leadership of the Communist Party, the replacement being deemed "contrary to the interests of the Moldavian people and not reflecting its aspirations and hopes".[3]
The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet is still the official and the only accepted alphabet in Transnistria for this language.
Moldovan Cyrillic spellings are also used in the media and in governmental publications in the Republic of Moldova for the names of settlements when writing in Russian, as opposed to using their Russian forms (e.g. Кишинэу is used in place of Кишинёв for the name of the city of Chișinău).[4]
Description
All but one of the letters of this alphabet can be found in the modern Russian alphabet, the exception being the zhe with breve: Ӂ ӂ (U+04C1, U+04C2). The Russian letters Ё, Щ, and Ъ are absent from the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet, and the former two are usually substituted with corresponding clusters ЙО and ШТ respectively.
The following chart shows the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet compared with the Latin alphabet currently in use. IPA values are given for the post-1957 literary standard.
Cyrillic letter: | Equates to Latin letter: | Name | As employed in this context: | IPA | Example |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
А а | a | а (a) | /a/ | ||
Б б | b | бе (be) | /b/ | ||
В в | v | ве (ve) | /v/ | ||
Г г | g, gh | ге (ghe) | gh used before i or e, elsewhere g | /ɡ/ | Ghidul = Гидул, Gheorghe = Георге |
Д д | d | де (de) | /d/ | ||
Е е | e, ie | е (e) | ie after a vowel or if it alternates with ia, elsewhere e | /e/, /je/ | Sovietică = Советикэ (alternated with ia), Moșie = Мошие, șuierătoare = шуерэтоаре |
Ж ж | j | же (je) | /ʒ/ | ||
Ӂ ӂ | g, ge, gi | ӂе (ge) | g before i and e, ge before a, gi elsewhere | /dʒ/ | fulgerele = фулӂереле, geanta = ӂянта |
З з | z | зе (ze) | /z/ | ||
И и | i, ii[citation needed] | и (i) | ii used at end of word, i elsewhere | /i/ | Codrii = Кодрий |
Й й | i | и скурт (i scurt) | before and after vowels | /j/ | Doina = Дойна |
К к | c, ch | ка (ka) | ch before i and e, c elsewhere | /k/ | Chirilice = Кириличе, Cherestea = Керестя |
Л л | l | ле (le) | /l/ | ||
М м | m | ме (me) | /m/ | ||
Н н | n | не (ne) | /n/ | ||
О о | o | о (o) | /o/ | ||
П п | p | пе (pe) | /p/ | ||
Р р | r | ре (re) | /r/ | ||
С с | s | се (se) | /s/ | ||
Т т | t | те (te) | /t/ | ||
У у | u | у (u) | /u/ | ||
Ф ф | f | фе (fe) | /f/ | ||
Х х | h | ха (ha) | /h/ | ||
Ц ц | ț | це (țe) | /ts/ | ||
Ч ч | c, ce, ci | че (ce) | c before i and e, ce before a, ci elsewhere | /tʃ/ | ce = че, ceasuri = чясурь, Socialistă = Сочиалистэ, zbuciumul = збучумул |
Ш ш | ș | ше (șe) | /ʃ/ | ||
Ы ы | â, î | ы (î) | â and î | /ɨ/ | |
Ь ь | i | семнул моале (semnul moale) | At end of word (usually) | /ʲ/ (i.e. palatalization of preceding consonant) | veșnici = вешничь |
Э э | ă | э (ă) | /ə/ | ||
Ю ю | iu | ю (iu) | /ju/, /ʲu/ | ||
Я я | ea, ia | я (ia) | ea after a consonant or е, ia elsewhere | /ja/, /ʲa/ | Neaga = Няга, Piatră = Пятрэ |
Sample text
This text is from Limba noastră.
Latin script | Moldovan Cyrillic script |
---|---|
Limba noastră-i o comoară |
Лимба ноастрэ-й о комоарэ |
Limba noastră-i foc ce arde |
Лимба ноастрэ-й фок, че арде |
Limba noastră-i numai cîntec, |
Лимба ноастрэ-й нумай кынтек, |
Limba noastră-i graiul pîinii, |
Лимба ноастрэ-й граюл пыний, |
Limba noastră-i frunză verde, |
Лимба ноастрэ-й фрунзэ верде, |
Nu veți plînge-atunci amarnic, |
Ну вець плынӂе-атунч амарник, |
Limba noastră-i vechi izvoade. |
Лимба ноастрэ-й векь извоаде, |
Limba noastră îi aleasă |
Лимба ноастрэ ый алясэ |
Limba noastră-i limbă sfîntă, |
Лимба ноастрэ-й лимбэ сфынтэ, |
Înviați-vă dar graiul, |
Ынвияци-вэ дар граюл, |
Strîngeți piatra lucitoare |
Стрынӂець пятра лучитоаре, |
Răsări-va o comoară |
Рэсэри-ва о комоарэ |
See also
References
- King, Charles (2000). The Moldovans: Romania, Russia and the Politics of Culture. ISBN 0-8179-9792-X.
- Chinn, Jeffrey (1993). "The Politics of Language in Moldova" (PDF). Demokratizatsya. 2 (2): 309–315. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
Notes
- ^ Denis Deletant, Slavonic letters in Moldova, Wallachia and Transylvania from the tenth to the seventeenth centuries, Ed. Enciclopedicӑ, Bucharest 1991
- S2CID 147578687.
- ^ Michael Bruchis. The Language Policy of the CPSU and the Linguistic Situation in Soviet Moldavia, in Soviet Studies, Vol. 36, No. 1. (January 1984), pp. 118-119.
- ^ "Кишинев или Кишинэу? Кто прав в споре о названиях городов Молдовы" [Kishinev or Chișinău? Who is right in the dispute over the names of Moldovan cities]. newsmaker.md (in Russian). August 22, 2017. Retrieved September 27, 2022.