Mon State
Mon State
| |
---|---|
Other transcription(s) | |
• Burmese | mwan pranynai |
• Mon | တွဵုရး ဍုၚ် မန် (Tweuraḥ ḍuṅ Mon) |
Burmese-Thai, Pa'O. | |
• Religions | Buddhism, Islam |
Time zone | UTC+06:30 (MMT) |
HDI (2021) | 0.610[2] medium · 4th |
Website | www |
Mon State (
History
Mon tradition holds that the
Oral tradition suggests that they had contact with
Mon kingdoms
The first recorded kingdom that can undisputedly be attributed to the Mon was Dvaravati which prospered until around 1024 AD when their capital was sacked by the Khmer Empire and most of the inhabitants fled west to present-day Myanmar and eventually founded new kingdoms. These, too, eventually came under pressure from new ethnic groups arriving from the north.
Advent of the British
Burmese independence
In 1947, the Mon sought
In 1974, partially to assuage Mon
Government
Executive
Legislative
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2015) |
Judiciary
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2015) |
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1973 | 1,314,224 | — |
1983 | 1,680,157 | +27.8% |
2014 | 2,054,393 | +22.3% |
Source: 2014 Myanmar Census[1] |
The population was 2,054,393 according to
Religion
According to the
According to the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee’s 2016 statistics, 32,769 Buddhist monks were registered in Mon State, comprising 6.1% of Myanmar's total Sangha membership, which includes both novice samanera and fully-ordained bhikkhu.[6] The majority of monks belong to the Thudhamma Nikaya (79.8%), followed by Shwegyin Nikaya (14.9%), with the remainder of monks belonging to other small monastic orders.[6] 3,550 thilashin were registered in Mon State, comprising 5.9% of Myanmar’s total thilashin community.[6]
Geography
Bordering Bago Division in the south of Sittaung River Mouth, Kayin State in the east, Thailand and Taninthayi Division in the south and Andaman Sea and Gulf of Mottama in the West, Mon state is situated between latitudes 14°52′ north and 17°32′ north and longitudes 96°51′ east and 98°13′ east.
Climate and weather
Mon State has a tropical climate. It has temperate weather as it is located in the low latitude zone and near the sea. The state has only slight changes in temperature. The average temperature of Mawlamyine in January is 78 °F (26 °C) and in April is 85 °F (29 °C). Annual rainfall in Mawlamyine is 190 inches (4.8 m) and in Thaton is 217 inches (5.5 m). Rain is especially heavy in July and August.
Economy
Mon State has a cultivated area of nearly 4,500,000 acres (1,800,000 ha), mostly under
Other industries include paper, sugar, rubber tires.
In Mudon, a small town near
The future plans with
According to the Mon State Directorate of Investment and Company, foreign direct investment from 1994 to 2016 in Mon State was more than 5.433 billion US dollar.[7]
Transport
Administrative divisions
Mon state has a capital of
Mon State consists of two districts:
Cities and towns and villages
Cities with large district | Towns | Villages |
---|---|---|
Mawlamyine | Mudon | Kawt-bane |
Thaton | Paung | Kamawak |
Thanbyuzayat | Bilin | Pha-auk |
Ye
|
Mottama | Pa-nga |
Kyaikmaraw | Kyaik-kami
|
Jain-gyike |
Kyaikhto
|
Sit-taung | Thein-sake |
Bakwai | Lamine | Mawkanin |
Chaungzon | Kamarwatt | Ywar Lut |
Islands |
---|
Belu-kyun |
Kalar-goke island |
Education
AY 2002-2003 | Primary | Middle | High |
---|---|---|---|
Schools | 1210 | 87 | 56 |
Teachers | 6200 | 3200 | 900 |
Students | 222,000 | 81,000 | 26,000 |
Almost all institutions of higher education in the state are located in Mawlamyine. Mawlamyine University is the main university and the largest university in the state.
Health care
The general state of health care in Myanmar is poor. Although health care is nominally free, in reality, patients have to pay for medicine and treatment, even in public clinics and hospitals. Public hospitals have limited number of basic facilities and equipment. The following is a summary of the public health system in the state, in the fiscal year 2002–2003.[9]
2002–2003 | # Hospitals | # Beds |
---|---|---|
Specialist hospitals | - | - |
General hospitals with specialist services | 1 | 350 |
General hospitals | 10 | 341 |
Health clinics | 14 | 224 |
Total | 25 | 915 |
Notable sites
- Kyaiktiyo Pagoda: A famous religious site with a steeple built on a rock covered with gold leaf, precariously balanced on the site of a cliff.
- Gautama Buddha.
- Kaylartha Pagoda: A famous pagoda on Kaylartha Mountain where the Buddha is said to have landed.[10]
- Thaton: Thaton was the capital of the Thaton Kingdom, which ruled present-day Lower Burma between the 9th and 11th centuries.
- Mudon Kangyi Pagoda: It lies on the hill west of the vast lake east of Mudon.
- Win Sein reclining Buddha: It is the world's largest reclining buddha at Mudon.
- Thanbyuzayat War Cemetery & Death Railway Museum
- Kyaik-kami
- Kyaikmaraw Paya: A huge Buddha image built in AD 1455 by Queen Shin Saw Pu, the only female ruler in the history of Myanmar.
- Belu-kyun (Bilu island): It is located opposite to Mawlamyine, and is famous for traditional handmade products.
- Zinkyaik Pagoda: An ancient pagoda on top of Zinkyaik Mountain and former home of Hermits Tissa and Thiha
See also
- Mon State Cultural Museum
- Ramannadesa
References
- ^ a b Census Report. The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census. Vol. 2. Naypyitaw: Ministry of Immigration and Population. May 2015. p. 17.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 3 by Sir Charles Eliot
- ^ Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population MYANMAR (July 2016). The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Census Report Volume 2-C. Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population MYANMAR. pp. 12–15.
- ^ a b c The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census Census Report Volume 2-C (PDF). Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population. July 2016. pp. 12–15.
- ^ a b c "The Account of Wazo Monks and Nuns in 1377 (2016 year)". State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee. 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
- ^ "China Eyes Mon State Investment". The Irrawaddy. 10 October 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
- ^ "Education statistics by level and by State and Division". Myanmar Central Statistical Organization. Archived from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2009.
- ^ "Hospitals and Dispensaries by State and Division". Myanmar Central Statistical Organization. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
- ^ "Sane Let Tin". Archived from the original on 1 September 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
External links
- Kaowao News Group
- Mawlamyaing culture
- Monzel.be (in Burmese)