Monaco–Holy See relations

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Holy See-Monaco relations
Map indicating locations of Holy See and Monaco

Holy See
Monaco
Embassy of Monaco to the Holy See in Rome

Holy See–Monaco relations are

Apostolic Nuncio, Archbishop Antonio Arcari, who assumed office on May 25, 2019.[1] The Embassy of Monaco to the Holy See is located in Rome, on Largo Spinelli. The Apostolic Nunciature to Monaco
is non-residing as the nuncio currently resides in Rome.

History

Monaco of the Guelphs: the founding of a papist dynasty

Main article: Guelphs and Ghibellines
The coat of arms of the Prince of Monaco represent his ancestor, François Grimaldi, dressing up as a Franciscan friar to take the fortress of Monaco overnight. Beneath is written his motto: Deo juvante, Latin for "with the grace of God".

It is part of Monaco's generally accepted cultural and political history that Monaco and the Holy See have maintained a diplomatic friendship bound by the Catholic faith since the founding of the Principality. Relations between Monaco and the

Innocent IV in 1247, which confirms the possession at the Abbey of Saint-Pons in Nice of the chapel dedicated to Saint Martin, near the Château Neuf, on the Rock of Monaco. The same year, the Pope authorized the erection of another chapel reserved for the Genoese dedicated to Saint John the Baptist
.

When the

Franciscan friar
.

When the

Clement VII
, in 1378.

In 1405 following the dedition of Nice to Savoy, during his Avignon expedition to Genoa and Pisa, Pope Benedict XIII was the first Pope to go to Monaco,[2] and during his halt, the Pope stayed in the southwest wing of the Prince's Palace that already existed in its current form at the end of the 14th century and where the royal apartments are now.[3]

In 1444, Jean Grimaldi de Beuil concluded a treaty with Pope Eugene IV to oppose the condottiere Franesco Sforza.

Pontifical recognition of Monegasque autonomy in 1524

Between the fourteenth century and the sixteenth century, successive Popes forged special links with Monaco, as evidenced by an epistolary relationship, a convention, two bulls and a brief.

Fifth Lateran Council
.

During his reign, a papal bull dated February 19, 1524 from Pope Clement VII expressly consecrated the autonomy of Monaco with "its Lord not recognizing any superior from the temporal point of view."[5]

The role of Monaco in Vatican diplomacy: Louis I and the Spanish succession (1699-1701)

Main article: Bourbon claim to the Spanish throne

In April 1698,

Philip, Duke of Anjou
to take over the throne of Spain, thus causing a diplomatic victory for Louis Grimaldi.

Two popes in Monaco: Pius VI in a coffin and Pius VII during his lifetime (1802-1814)

On February 12, 1802, the ship carrying the remains of Pope Pius VI who died in Valence as a prisoner of the French Directory, was forced by a storm to make a stopover in Monaco. But on January 11, 1814, it was a living Pope Pius VII returning from his captivity at Fontainebleau who passed through La Turbie and gave the locals of Monaco the opportunity to come cheer him in crowds along the road.

Erection of a local Church in Monaco: the Quemadmodum sollicitus bull of 1886

After the

See of Peter.[10]

Elevation to the rank of archdiocese: the Conventio inter Apostolicam sedem and Principatum monoecum of 1981

Lodge of the Prince in the choir of the cathedral of Monaco.

Prince Rainier III and Princess Grace were received at the Vatican by Pope Pius XII in 1957, by Pope John XXIII in 1959 and by Pope Paul VI in 1974.

On July 25, 1981, in Vatican City, an agreement was signed between the Holy See and the Principality of Monaco, Conventio inter apostolicam sedem et principatum monoecum

microstates.[13]

In exchange, on July 30, 1981, through the papal bull entitled Apostolica haec , Pope John Paul II raised the

archiepiscopal see.[14]

Establishment of a Monaco Embassy to the Holy See in 1981

On May 11, 1982, following the new convention and by sovereign ordinance of Prince Rainier III, the statute of

Embassy
, within the framework of the specific relations uniting the Holy See and the Principality. On December 10, 1982, the first Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, César Solamito, presented his credentials to the Pope.

In 1997, Prince Rainier III, Crown Prince Albert and Princess Caroline were received in private audience by Pope John Paul II.

In 2005, the young Prince Albert II of Monaco made his first public appearance in his new role at the

funeral of John Paul II
.

The presence of a nuncio in Monaco since 2006: a sign of a long-standing relationship

Princess Charlene, in formal attire to meet Pope Benedict XVI under the privilège du blanc.

In 2005, accompanied by his chief of staff Jean-Luc Allavena and the

letters of credence of Monsignor André Dupuy
, Extraordinary Apostolic Nuncio and Plenipotentiary of the Holy See.

In 2009, Prince Albert II was again received by Pope Benedict XVI.

On January 12, 2013, Prince Albert II presented his new wife Charlene, dressed in the tradition of the privilège du blanc, to Pope Benedict XVI during a private audience at the Vatican. From 2013, the Ambassador of the Prince of Monaco to the Holy See, Jean-Claude Michel, also became the dean of the diplomatic corps accredited to the Holy See[16] until the appointment in November 2015 of a new ambassador, Claude Giordan.[17]

On May 13, 2014 Prince Albert II and Princess Charlene, in the presence of Archbishop

Mayor of Monaco, Georges Marsan, inaugurated an alley in homage to "Saint John Paul II" along the Cathedral of Our Lady Immaculate.[18]

The royal couple last met his His Holiness Pope Francis on July 20, 2022, confirming the warm and strong relationship between them.[19]

Diplomatic cooperation

Service of the common good

Judges of the Supreme Court exiting the Cathedral after the Easter Mass, Monaco, in April 1906. The judicial year in Monaco always begins with a "Red Mass" in honor of the Holy Spirit in which the entire legal body of the Principality participates.

During a private audience of the

National Council of Monaco on February 2, 2019, Pope Francis recalled the commitment of the Holy See and the Vatican to work together for the service of the common good in these terms:[20]

Monegasques can rely on the founding values of the Principality, inspired by the Gospel and its message of love.

— Pope Francis, Speech to the Delegation of the National Council of the Principality of Monaco

Health

The Vatican and Monaco are committed to promote the dignity of

oncological diseases.[22] Monaco and the Holy See also have the same position regarding abortion, insofar as the two States defend the life of the pregnant mother and the unborn child on an equal basis.[23]

Sports: the Monaco-Vatican charity game

Since 2011, Monaco and the Holy See have opposed each other in a friendly soccer game with the aim of promoting friendship between the two countries and the Christian values of sport.[24]

Common characteristics

The privileged relationship between Monaco and the Holy See is based on a long common history, as well as many characteristics that both States have in common.

Two sovereign micro-states

Euro coins bearing the effigy of the respective sovereigns of Monaco and the Vatican City State

The Vatican City State and the Principality of Monaco are two

smallest countries in the world, having an area of respectively 0.44 km2 and 2 km2. Although having lost the largest part of their historic territory, the two States have nevertheless managed to maintain their sovereignty
.

In fact, while the Holy See is recognized by the United Nations as a permanent observer, Monaco did not become a full member of the international organization until 1993.

Although they do not have their own currency, Monaco

euros bearing their own effigy
as current currency.

Two Catholic States

Monaco, along with the Republic of Malta, are the only two states in the world whose official religion is Catholicism. While it is in essence the religion of the Vatican City State, Catholicism is the official religion of the Principality under the

Grimaldi dynasty
.

Distinctions and privilege

The privilege of white

The

Princess of Monaco enjoys the privilège du blanc
(in Italian: privilegio del bianco), a special prerogative used by Catholic queens, princesses and duchesses during their audiences with the Pope, by which they are authorized to wear white garments and mantillas, a color reserved for the sovereign Pontiff.

Pontifical awards

On 20 March 1930,

Prince Pierre.[27]

Prince Rainier III was a knight of the

Golden Spur
.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Rinunce e nomine, 25.05.2019" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 25 May 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2019.
  2. ISBN 979-10-351-0241-8
    , retrieved 2021-07-11
  3. OCLC 458854420
    .
  4. ^ Giraudon, Yves (2012). "Le Saint-Siège et Monaco (XIVe-XVIe siècle)". Annales monégasques. 36.
  5. OCLC 458854420
    .
  6. ^ Ghizzi, Thérèse; Fillon, Robert (1997). "Le Prince Louis Ier en ambassade du Saint-Siège (1699-1701)". Annales monégasques. 21.
  7. ^ Saige, Gustave (1888). "Les archives du Palais de Monaco et l'intérêt de ses collections pour l'Histoire de France". Revue des travaux et comptes rendus de ses séances (in French). 130. Académie des sciences morales et politiques: 657.
  8. ISBN 978-88-348-6496-8
    .
  9. ISBN 978-88-7839-013-3
    .
  10. ^ Ateneo religioso scientifico letterario artistico (in Italian). Libreria G. Speirani e figli. 1888. p. 79.
  11. ^ "Conventio inter apostolicam sedem et principatum monoecum". Acta Apostolicae Sedis (in French). LXXIII (9): 651–653. 1981.
  12. ^ Il Diritto ecclesiastico e rassegna di diritto matrimoniale (in Italian). A. Giuffrè Editore. 1982. p. 76.
  13. ISBN 978-84-7392-381-1
    .
  14. ISBN 978-2-204-02122-7
    .
  15. ^ "Son Altesse Sérénissime le Prince Albert II reçu en audience par Sa Sainteté le Pape Benoît XVI. / Journal 7734 / Année 2005 / Journaux / Accueil - Journal de Monaco". journaldemonaco.gouv.mc. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  16. ^ "Au Corps diplomatique accrédité près le Saint-Siège (22 mars 2013) | François". www.vatican.va. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  17. ISSN 0242-6056
    . Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  18. ^ Mairie de. "Inauguration de l'Allée Saint Jean-Paul II en présence du Couple Princier". La Mairie de Monaco (in French). Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  19. ^ Corviole, Marine (2022-07-20). "Charlène et Albert au Vatican, chaleureuses retrouvailles avec le pape François". Paris Match (in French). Retrieved 2022-07-26.
  20. ^ "À une délégation du Conseil national de la Principauté de Monaco (2 février 2019) | François". www.vatican.va. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  21. ^ Press release. "H.S.H. Princess Charlene of Monaco at the Vatican for the 30th Annual Conference for Healthcare Workers - Princess Charlene of Monaco foundation". Fondation Princesse Charlène de Monaco. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  22. ^ "Le CSM et l'Hôpital Pédiatrique Bambino Gesù au Vatican luttent ensemble contre les maladies hématologiques et oncologiques pédiatriques". Centre Scientifique de Monaco (in French). Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  23. ISBN 978-92-871-5310-4
    .
  24. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  25. ^ "EUR-Lex - 31999D0096 - EN - EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  26. ^ "EUR-Lex - 02010A0204(01)-20210228 - EN - EUR-Lex". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  27. ^ "Actualités de la Maison souveraine" (PDF). Journal de Monaco (in French). Gouvernement de Monaco. March 20, 1930.

External links

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