Monaco Grand Prix

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This article is about the Formula One race. For other uses, see Monaco Grand Prix (disambiguation).
"Monaco GP" redirects here. For the video game, see Monaco GP (video game).

Monaco Grand Prix
Honda RBPT
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    Fastest lap

    The Monaco Grand Prix (

    FIA's mandated 305-kilometre (190-mile) minimum race distance for F1 races.[5]

    The race is held on a narrow course laid out in the streets of Monaco, with many elevation changes and tight corners as well as the tunnel, making it one of the most demanding circuits in Formula One. In spite of the relatively low average speeds, the Monaco circuit is a dangerous place to race due to how narrow the track is, and the race often involves the intervention of a safety car.

    The first Monaco Grand Prix took place on 14 April 1929, and the race eventually became part of the pre-

    European Championship and was included in the first World Championship of Drivers in 1950. It was twice designated the European Grand Prix, in 1955 and 1963, when this title was an honorary designation given each year to one Grand Prix race in Europe. Graham Hill was known as "Mr. Monaco"[6] due to his five Monaco wins in the 1960s. Ayrton Senna won the race more times than any other driver, with six victories, winning five races consecutively between 1989 and 1993.[7]

    The circuit has been called "an exceptional location of glamour and prestige".

    motor racing, as the Formula One race occurs on the same Sunday as the Indianapolis 500 (IndyCar Series) and the Coca-Cola 600 (NASCAR Cup Series).[9]

    History

    Origins

    William Grover-Williams at the 1929 Monaco Grand Prix

    Like many European races, the Monaco Grand Prix predates the current World Championship. The principality's first Grand Prix was organised in 1929 by Antony Noghès, under the auspices of Prince Louis II, through the Automobile Club de Monaco (ACM), of which he was president.[10] The ACM organised the Rallye Automobile Monte Carlo, and in 1928 applied to the Association Internationale des Automobiles Clubs Reconnus (AIACR), the international governing body of motorsport, to be upgraded from a regional French club to full national status. Their application was refused due to the lack of a major motorsport event held wholly within Monaco's boundaries. The rally could not be considered, as it mostly used the roads of other European countries.[11]

    To attain full national status, Noghès proposed the creation of an automobile Grand Prix in the streets of Monte Carlo.[12] He obtained the official sanction of Prince Louis II and the support of Monégasque Grand Prix driver Louis Chiron. Chiron thought Monaco's topography was well-suited to setting up a race track.[11]

    The first race, held on 14 April 1929, was won by William Grover-Williams (using the pseudonym "Williams"), driving a works Bugatti Type 35B.[6][13] It was an invitation-only event, but not all of those who were invited decided to attend. The leading Maserati and Alfa Romeo drivers decided not to compete, but Bugatti was well represented. Mercedes sent their leading driver, Rudolf Caracciola. Starting fifteenth, Caracciola drove a fighting race, taking his SSK into the lead before wasting 4+1⁄2 minutes on refuelling and a tyre change to finish second.[6][14] Another driver who competed using a pseudonym was "Georges Philippe", the Baron Philippe de Rothschild. Chiron was unable to compete, having a prior commitment to compete in the Indianapolis 500.[11]

    Caracciola's SSK was refused permission to race the following year,[14] but Chiron did compete (in the works Bugatti Type 35C), when he was beaten by privateer René Dreyfus and his Bugatti Type 35B, and finished second. Chiron took victory in the 1931 race driving a Bugatti. As of 2023, he remains the only native of Monaco to have won the event.[15]

    Pre-war

    The race quickly grew in importance after its inception. Because of the high number of races which were being termed 'Grands Prix', the AIACR formally recognised the most important race of each of its affiliated national automobile clubs as International Grands Prix, or

    Grandes Épreuves, and in 1933 Monaco was ranked as such alongside the French, Belgian, Italian, and Spanish Grands Prix.[16] That year's race was the first Grand Prix in which grid positions were decided, as they are now, by practice time rather than the established method of balloting. The race saw Achille Varzi and Tazio Nuvolari exchange the lead many times before the race settled in Varzi's favour on the final lap when Nuvolari's car caught fire.[17]

    The race became a round of the new

    Second World War ended organised racing in Europe until 1945.[21]

    Post-war Grand Prix

    Racing in Europe started again on 9 September 1945 at the

    Maserati 4CLT.[24][25]

    Formula One

    Early championship days

    The 1949 event was cancelled due to the death of Prince Louis II;[23] it was included in the new Formula One World Drivers' Championship the following year. The race provided future five-time world champion Juan Manuel Fangio with his first win in a World Championship race, as well as third place for the 51-year-old Louis Chiron, his best result in the World Championship era. However, there was no race in 1951 due to budgetary concerns and a lack of regulations in the sport.[26]

    1952 was the first of the two years in which the World Drivers' Championship was run to less powerful Formula Two regulations. The race was run to sports car rules instead, and it did not form part of the World Championship.[6]

    No races were held in 1953 or 1954 due to the fact that the car regulations were not finalized.[26]

    The Monaco Grand Prix returned in 1955, again as part of the Formula One World Championship, and this would begin a streak of 64 consecutive years in which the race was held.[27] In the 1955 race, Maurice Trintignant won in Monte Carlo for the first time and Chiron again scored points and at 56 became the oldest driver to compete in a Formula One Grand Prix. It was not until 1957, when Fangio won again, that the Grand Prix saw a double winner. Between 1954 and 1961 Fangio's former Mercedes colleague, Stirling Moss, went one better, as did Trintignant, who won the race again in 1958 driving a Cooper. The 1961 race saw Moss fend off three works Ferrari 156s in a year-old privateer Rob Walker Racing Team Lotus 18 to take his third Monaco victory.[28]

    Graham Hill's era

    Graham Hill won five of his 14 Grands Prix at Monaco.

    Britain's Graham Hill won the race five times in the 1960s and became known as "King of Monaco"[29] and "Mr. Monaco". He first won in 1963, and then won the next two years.[6] In the 1965 race, he took pole position and led from the start, but went up an escape road on lap 25 to avoid hitting a slow backmarker. Re-joining in fifth place, Hill set several new lap records on the way to winning.[30] The race was also notable for Jim Clark's absence (he was participating in the Indianapolis 500), and for Paul Hawkins's Lotus ending up in the harbour.[31] Hill's teammate, Briton Jackie Stewart, won in 1966 and New Zealander Denny Hulme won in 1967, but Hill won the next two years, the 1969 event being his final Formula One championship victory, by which time he was a double Formula One world champion.[32]

    Track alterations, safety, and increasing business interests

    By the start of the 1970s, efforts by Jackie Stewart saw several Formula One events cancelled because of safety concerns. For the

    Mediterranean. The circuit gained more Armco in specific points for the next two races, and by 1972, the circuit was almost completely Armco-lined. For the first time in its history, the Monaco circuit was altered in 1972, as the pits were moved next to the waterfront straight between the chicane and Tabac, and the chicane was moved further forward right before Tabac, becoming the junction point between the pits and the course. The course was changed again for the 1973 race. The Rainier III Nautical Stadium was constructed where the straight that went behind the pits was, and the circuit introduced a double chicane that went around the new swimming pool (this chicane complex is known today as "Swimming Pool"). This created space for a whole new pit facility, and in 1976 the course was altered yet again; the Sainte Devote corner was made slower and a chicane was placed right before the pit straight.[33]

    By the early 1970s, as

    Formula One Constructors Association (FOCA), Monaco was prestigious enough to become an early bone of contention. Historically, the number of cars permitted in a race was decided by the race organiser, in this case the ACM, which had always set a low number of around 16. In 1972, Ecclestone started to negotiate deals which relied on FOCA guaranteeing at least 18 entrants for every race. A stand-off over this issue left the 1972 race in jeopardy until the ACM gave in and agreed that 26 cars could participate – the same number permitted at most other circuits. Two years later, in 1974, the ACM got the numbers back down to 18.[34]

    Because of its tight confines, slow average speeds, and punishing nature, Monaco has often thrown up unexpected results. In the 1982 race, René Arnoux led the first 15 laps before retiring. Alain Prost then led until four laps from the end, when he spun off on the wet track, hit the barriers and lost a wheel, giving Riccardo Patrese the lead. Patrese himself spun with only a lap and a half to go, letting Didier Pironi through to the front, followed by Andrea de Cesaris. On the last lap, Pironi ran out of fuel in the tunnel, but De Cesaris also ran out of fuel before he could overtake. In the meantime, Patrese had bump-started his car and went through to score his first Grand Prix win.[35]

    In 1983, the ACM became entangled in the disagreements between Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile (FISA) and FOCA. The ACM, with the agreement of Bernie Ecclestone, negotiated an individual television rights deal with ABC in the United States. This broke an agreement enforced by FISA for a single central negotiation of television rights. Jean-Marie Balestre, president of FISA, announced that the Monaco Grand Prix would not form part of the Formula One world championship in 1985. The ACM fought their case in the French courts. They won the case and the race was eventually reinstated.[34]

    Era of Prost/Senna dominance

    For the decade from 1984 to 1993, the race was won by only two drivers, arguably the two best drivers in Formula One at the time

    support race for Formula Three cars in 1979, took his first Monaco win at the 1984 race. The race started 45 minutes late after heavy rain. Prost led briefly before Nigel Mansell overtook him on lap 11. Mansell crashed out five laps later, letting Prost back into the lead. On lap 27, Prost led from Ayrton Senna's Toleman and Stefan Bellof's Tyrrell. Senna was catching Prost, and Bellof was catching both of them in the only naturally aspirated car in the race. However, on lap 31, the race was controversially stopped due to conditions deemed to be undriveable. Later, FISA fined the clerk of the course, Jacky Ickx, $6,000 and suspended his licence for not consulting the stewards before stopping the race.[38] The drivers received only half of the points that would usually be awarded, as the race had been stopped before two-thirds of the intended race distance had been completed.[39]

    Prost won 1985 after polesitter Senna retired with a blown Renault engine in his Lotus after over-revving it at the start, and Michele Alboreto in the Ferrari retook the lead twice, but he went off the track at Sainte-Devote, where Brazilian Nelson Piquet and Italian Riccardo Patrese had a huge accident only a few laps previously and oil and debris littered the track. Prost passed Alboreto, who retook the Frenchman, and then he punctured a tyre after running over bodywork debris from the Piquet/Patrese accident, which dropped him to 4th. He was able to pass his Roman countrymen Andrea De Cesaris and Elio de Angelis, but finished 2nd behind Prost. The French Prost dominated 1986 after starting from pole position, a race where the Nouvelle Chicane had been changed on the grounds of safety.[40]

    Senna holds the record for the most victories in Monaco, with six, including five consecutive wins between 1989 and 1993, as well as eight podium finishes in ten starts. His 1987 win was the first time a car with an active suspension had won a Grand Prix. He won this race after Briton Nigel Mansell in a Williams-Honda went out with a broken exhaust. His win was very popular with the people of Monaco, and when he was arrested on the Monday following the race for riding a motorcycle without wearing a helmet, he was released by the officers after they realised who he was.[41] Senna dominated 1988 and was able to get ahead of his teammate Prost while the Frenchman was held up for most of the race by Austrian Gerhard Berger in a Ferrari. By the time Prost got past Berger, he pushed as hard as he could and set a lap some 6 seconds faster than Senna's; Senna then set 2 fastest laps, and while pushing as hard as possible, he touched the barrier at the Portier corner and crashed into the Armco separating the road from the Mediterranean. Senna was so upset that he went back to his Monaco flat and was not heard from until the evening.[42] Prost went on to win for the fourth time.

    Senna dominated 1989 while Prost was stuck behind backmarker René Arnoux and others; the Brazilian also dominated 1990 and 1991. At the 1992 event Nigel Mansell, who had won all five races held to that point in the season, took pole and dominated the race in his Williams FW14B-Renault. However, with seven laps remaining, Mansell suffered a loose wheel nut and was forced into the pits, emerging behind Senna's McLaren-Honda, who was on worn tyres. Mansell, on fresh tyres, set a lap record almost two seconds quicker than Senna's and closed from 5.2 to 1.9 seconds in only two laps. The pair duelled around Monaco for the final four laps but Mansell could find no way past, finishing just two-tenths of a second behind the Brazilian.[43][44] It was Senna's fifth win at Monaco, equalling Graham Hill's record. Senna had a poor start to the 1993 event, crashing in practice and qualifying 3rd behind pole-sitter Prost and the rising German star Michael Schumacher. Both of them beat Senna to the first corner, but Prost had to serve a time penalty for jumping the start and Schumacher retired after suspension problems, so Senna took his sixth win to break Graham Hill's record for most wins at the Monaco Grand Prix. Runner-up Damon Hill commented, "If my father was around now, he would be the first to congratulate Ayrton."[45]

    Modern times

    Formation lap for the 1996 Monaco Grand Prix

    The 1994 race was an emotional and tragic affair. It came two weeks after the race at

    Ligier team. Only three cars crossed the finish line, but seven were classified.[47]

    Seven-time world champion Schumacher would eventually win the race five times, matching Graham Hill's record. In his appearance at the 2006 event, he attracted criticism when, while provisionally holding pole position and with the qualifying session drawing to a close, he stopped his car at the Rascasse hairpin, blocking the track and obliging competitors to slow down.[48] Although Schumacher claimed it was the unintentional result of a genuine car failure, the FIA disagreed and he was sent to the back of the grid.[49]

    In July 2010, Bernie Ecclestone announced that a 10-year deal had been reached with the race organisers, keeping the race on the calendar until at least 2020.[50]

    Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the FIA announced the 2020 Monaco Grand Prix's postponement, along with the two other races scheduled for May 2020, to help prevent the spread of the virus.[51] However, later the same day the Automobile Club de Monaco confirmed that the Grand Prix was instead cancelled, making 2020 the first time the Grand Prix was not run since 1954.[52] It returned in 2021, on 23 May,[53] where Max Verstappen won his first Monaco Grand Prix. The 2022 event saw the Monégasque driver, Charles Leclerc of Scuderia Ferrari, achieve his first Monaco Grand Prix pole position at the Circuit de Monaco (he had taken pole the previous year but could not start due to driveshaft failure[54][55]). However, a critical strategical error[56][57] meant Leclerc would drop to fourth, with Verstappen's teammate Sergio Pérez winning the race. The race was delayed due to heavy rain; two formation laps were completed before the start procedure was suspended and further delayed an hour from its 15:00 local time intended start. In addition to a red flag due to a big crash from Mick Schumacher, this dropped the laps completed from the intended 78 to 64.

    In September 2022 the Grand Prix signed a new race contract to remain on the F1 calendar until the 2025 season.[58]

    Circuit

    The Monte Carlo harbour during the days of the 2016 Formula One race
    Main article: Circuit de Monaco

    The Circuit de Monaco consists of the city streets of

    Autodromo Nazionale Monza during every Formula One regulated year except 1980, has a similarly lengthy and close relationship with a single circuit.[59]

    The race circuit has many elevation changes, tight corners, and a narrow course that makes it one of the most demanding tracks in Formula One racing.[60] As of 2022, two drivers have crashed and ended up in the harbour, the most famous being Alberto Ascari in 1955.[31][61] Despite the fact that the course has had minor changes several times during its history, it is still considered the ultimate test of driving skills in Formula One, and if it were not already an existing Grand Prix, it would not be permitted to be added to the schedule for safety reasons.[62] Even in 1929, La Vie Automobile magazine offered the opinion that "Any respectable traffic system would have covered the track with <<Danger>> sign posts left, right and centre".[63]

    Triple Formula One champion Nelson Piquet was fond of saying that racing at Monaco was "like trying to cycle round your living room", but added that "a win here was worth two anywhere else".[64]

    Notably, the course includes a tunnel. The contrast of daylight and gloom when entering/exiting the tunnel presents "challenges not faced elsewhere", as the drivers have to "adjust their vision as they emerge from the tunnel at the fastest point of the track and brake for the chicane in the daylight.".[65]

    The fastest-ever qualifying lap was set by Lewis Hamilton in qualifying (Q3) for the 2019 Monaco Grand Prix, at a time of 1:10.166.[66]

    Viewing areas

    During the Grand Prix weekend, spectators crowd around the Monaco Circuit. There are a number of temporary grandstands built around the circuit, mostly around the harbour area.[67] The rich and famous spectators often arrive on their boats and the yachts through the harbour. Balconies around Monaco become viewing areas for the race as well. Many hotels and residents cash in on the bird's eye views of the race.[68]

    Organization

    The podium was installed in 2017
    Previously, the ceremony was held in the Royal Box

    The Monaco Grand Prix is organised each year by the Automobile Club de Monaco which also runs the Monte Carlo Rally and previously ran the Junior Monaco Kart Cup.[69]

    The Monaco Grand Prix differs in several ways from other Grands Prix. The practice session for the race was traditionally held on the Thursday preceding the race instead of Friday.

    Ascension Day. For many years, the numbers of cars admitted to Grands Prix was at the discretion of the race organisers – Monaco had the smallest grids, ostensibly because of its narrow and twisting track.[73] Only 18 cars were permitted to start the 1975 Monaco Grand Prix, compared to 23 to 26 cars at all other rounds that year.[74]

    The erecting of the circuit takes six weeks, and the removal after the race takes three weeks.

    royal box where the 'podium' ceremony was held, which was considered a custom for the race.[76] The trophies were handed out before the national anthems for the winning driver and team are played, as opposed to other Grands Prix where the anthems are played first.[77]

    Fame

    The Monaco Grand Prix is widely considered to be one of the most important and prestigious automobile races in the world alongside the Indianapolis 500 and the 24 Hours of Le Mans.[63][78] These three races are considered to form a Triple Crown of the three most famous motor races in the world. As of 2023, Graham Hill is the only driver to have won the Triple Crown, by winning all three races. The practice session for Monaco overlaps with that for the Indianapolis 500, and the races themselves sometimes clash. As the two races take place on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean and form part of different championships, it is difficult for one driver to compete effectively in both during his career. Juan Pablo Montoya and Fernando Alonso are the only active drivers to have won two of the three events.[79][80]

    In awarding its first gold medal for motorsport to

    Rainier III and Albert II, all of whom have taken a close interest in the race. A large part of the principality's income comes from tourists attracted by the warm climate and the famous casino, but it is also a tax haven and is home to many millionaires, including several Formula One drivers.[81]

    Monaco has produced four native Formula One drivers—Louis Chiron, André Testut, Olivier Beretta, and Charles Leclerc[82]—but its tax status has made it home to many drivers over the years, including Gilles Villeneuve and Ayrton Senna. Of the 2006 Formula One contenders, several have property in the principality, including Jenson Button and David Coulthard, who was part owner of a hotel there.[83] Because of the small size of the principality and the location of the circuit, drivers whose races end early can usually get back to their apartments in minutes. Ayrton Senna famously retired to his apartment after crashing out of the lead of the 1988 race.[84] In the 2006 race, after retiring due to a mechanical failure while in second place, Kimi Räikkönen retired to his yacht, which was parked in the harbour.[85]

    The Grand Prix attracts big-name celebrities each year who come to experience the glamour and prestige of the event. Big parties are held in the nightclubs on the Grand Prix weekend, and the Port Hercule fills up with party-goers joining in the celebrations.[86]

    Criticism from drivers and commentators

    In the 21st century, several commentators and F1 drivers have called the Grand Prix the most boring race of all circuits, both to drive and to watch as a spectator. Criticism has been directed towards how few overtake attempts are performed, as well as how frequently the driver who sets the pole position wins.[87][88] Fernando Alonso has said that the race is "the most boring race ever," and Lewis Hamilton stated that the 2022 Grand Prix "wasn't really racing."[89][90]

    Winners

    Repeat winners (drivers)

    Drivers in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.

    Ayrton Senna won the race a record six times.
    Wins Driver Years won
    6 Brazil Ayrton Senna 1987, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993
    5 United Kingdom Graham Hill 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1969
    Germany Michael Schumacher 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001
    4 France Alain Prost 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988
    3 United Kingdom Stirling Moss 1956, 1960, 1961
    United Kingdom Jackie Stewart 1966, 1971, 1973
    Germany Nico Rosberg 2013, 2014, 2015
    United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton 2008, 2016, 2019
    2 Argentina Juan Manuel Fangio 1950, 1957
    France Maurice Trintignant 1955, 1958
    Austria Niki Lauda 1975, 1976
    South Africa Jody Scheckter 1977, 1979
    United Kingdom David Coulthard 2000, 2002
    Spain Fernando Alonso 2006, 2007
    Australia Mark Webber 2010, 2012
    Germany Sebastian Vettel 2011, 2017
    Netherlands Max Verstappen 2021, 2023
    Sources:[91][92]

    Repeat winners (constructors)

    Teams in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.
    A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
    A yellow background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war European Championship.

    Wins Constructor Years won
    15 United Kingdom McLaren 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2007, 2008
    10 Italy Ferrari 1952, 1955, 1975, 1976, 1979, 1981, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2017
    8 Germany Mercedes 1935, 1936, 1937, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019
    7 United Kingdom Lotus 1960, 1961, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1974, 1987
    Austria Red Bull 2010, 2011, 2012, 2018, 2021, 2022, 2023
    5 United Kingdom BRM 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1972
    4 France Bugatti 1929, 1930, 1931, 1933
    3 Italy Alfa Romeo 1932, 1934, 1950
    Italy Maserati 1948, 1956, 1957
    United Kingdom Cooper 1958, 1959, 1962
    United Kingdom Tyrrell 1971, 1973, 1978
    United Kingdom Williams 1980, 1983, 2003
    2 United Kingdom Brabham 1967, 1982
    United Kingdom Benetton 1994, 1995
    France Renault 2004, 2006
    Sources:[91][92]

    Repeat winners (engine manufacturers)

    Manufacturers in bold are competing in the Formula One championship in the current season.
    A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
    A yellow background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war European Championship.

    Wins Manufacturer Years won
    15 Germany Mercedes * 1935, 1936, 1937, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019
    14 United States Ford ** 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1993, 1994
    10 Italy Ferrari 1952, 1955, 1975, 1976, 1979, 1981, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2017
    7 Japan Honda 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 2021
    6 France Renault 1995, 2004, 2006, 2010, 2011, 2012
    5 United Kingdom Climax 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962
    United Kingdom BRM 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1972
    4 France Bugatti 1929, 1930, 1931, 1933
    3 Italy Alfa Romeo 1932, 1934, 1950
    Italy Maserati 1948, 1956, 1957
    Luxembourg TAG *** 1984, 1985, 1986
    Sources:[91][92]

    * Between 1998 and 2005 built by Ilmor, funded by Mercedes

    ** Built by Cosworth, funded by Ford

    *** Built by Porsche

    By year

    A pink background indicates an event which was not part of the Formula One World Championship.
    A yellow background indicates an event which was part of the pre-war European Championship.

    Nico Rosberg won the Monaco Grand Prix three times in a row from 2013 to 2015, racing for Mercedes.
    Year Driver Constructor Report
    1929 United Kingdom William Grover-Williams Bugatti Report
    1930 France René Dreyfus Bugatti Report
    1931 Monaco Louis Chiron Bugatti Report
    1932 Italy Tazio Nuvolari Alfa Romeo Report
    1933 Italy Achille Varzi Bugatti Report
    1934 France Guy Moll Alfa Romeo Report
    1935 Italy Luigi Fagioli Mercedes Report
    1936 Germany Rudolf Caracciola Mercedes Report
    1937 Germany Manfred von Brauchitsch Mercedes Report
    1938
    –
    1947     		Not held from 1939 to 1944 due to World War II, and in 1938, and 1945 to 1947 due to financial reasons
    1948 Italy Giuseppe Farina Maserati Report
    1949 Not held due to the death of Prince Louis II
    1950 Argentina Juan Manuel Fangio Alfa Romeo Report
    1951 Not held due to budgetary concerns and a lack of regulations in Formula One
    1952 Italy Vittorio Marzotto Ferrari Report
    1953
    –
    1954     		Not held due to the fact that car regulations were not finalized in Formula One
    1955 France Maurice Trintignant Ferrari Report
    1956 United Kingdom Stirling Moss Maserati Report
    1957 Argentina Juan Manuel Fangio Maserati Report
    1958 France Maurice Trintignant Cooper-Climax Report
    1959 Australia Jack Brabham Cooper-Climax Report
    1960 United Kingdom Stirling Moss Lotus-Climax Report
    1961 United Kingdom Stirling Moss Lotus-Climax Report
    1962 New Zealand Bruce McLaren Cooper-Climax Report
    1963 United Kingdom Graham Hill BRM Report
    1964 United Kingdom Graham Hill BRM Report
    1965 United Kingdom Graham Hill BRM Report
    1966 United Kingdom Jackie Stewart BRM Report
    1967 New Zealand Denny Hulme Brabham-Repco Report
    1968 United Kingdom Graham Hill Lotus-Ford Report
    1969 United Kingdom Graham Hill Lotus-Ford Report
    1970 Austria Jochen Rindt Lotus-Ford Report
    1971 United Kingdom Jackie Stewart Tyrrell-Ford Report
    1972 France Jean-Pierre Beltoise BRM Report
    1973 United Kingdom Jackie Stewart Tyrrell-Ford Report
    1974 Sweden Ronnie Peterson Lotus-Ford Report
    1975 Austria Niki Lauda Ferrari Report
    1976 Austria Niki Lauda Ferrari Report
    1977 South Africa Jody Scheckter Wolf-Ford Report
    1978 France Patrick Depailler Tyrrell-Ford Report
    1979 South Africa Jody Scheckter Ferrari Report
    1980 Argentina Carlos Reutemann Williams-Ford Report
    1981 Canada Gilles Villeneuve Ferrari Report
    1982 Italy Riccardo Patrese Brabham-Ford Report
    1983 Finland Keke Rosberg Williams-Ford Report
    1984 France Alain Prost McLaren-TAG Report
    1985 France Alain Prost McLaren-TAG Report
    1986 France Alain Prost McLaren-TAG Report
    1987 Brazil Ayrton Senna Lotus-Honda Report
    1988 France Alain Prost McLaren-Honda Report
    1989 Brazil Ayrton Senna McLaren-Honda Report
    1990 Brazil Ayrton Senna McLaren-Honda Report
    1991 Brazil Ayrton Senna McLaren-Honda Report
    1992 Brazil Ayrton Senna McLaren-Honda Report
    1993 Brazil Ayrton Senna McLaren-Ford Report
    1994 Germany Michael Schumacher Benetton-Ford Report
    1995 Germany Michael Schumacher Benetton-Renault Report
    1996 France Olivier Panis
    Ligier-Mugen-Honda
    		 Report
    1997 Germany Michael Schumacher Ferrari Report
    1998 Finland Mika Häkkinen McLaren-Mercedes Report
    1999 Germany Michael Schumacher Ferrari Report
    2000 United Kingdom David Coulthard McLaren-Mercedes Report
    2001 Germany Michael Schumacher Ferrari Report
    2002 United Kingdom David Coulthard McLaren-Mercedes Report
    2003 Colombia Juan Pablo Montoya Williams-BMW Report
    2004 Italy Jarno Trulli Renault Report
    2005 Finland Kimi Räikkönen McLaren-Mercedes Report
    2006 Spain Fernando Alonso Renault Report
    2007 Spain Fernando Alonso McLaren-Mercedes Report
    2008 United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton McLaren-Mercedes Report
    2009 United Kingdom Jenson Button Brawn-Mercedes Report
    2010 Australia Mark Webber Red Bull-Renault Report
    2011 Germany Sebastian Vettel Red Bull-Renault Report
    2012 Australia Mark Webber Red Bull-Renault Report
    2013 Germany Nico Rosberg Mercedes Report
    2014 Germany Nico Rosberg Mercedes Report
    2015 Germany Nico Rosberg Mercedes Report
    2016 United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton Mercedes Report
    2017 Germany Sebastian Vettel Ferrari Report
    2018 Australia Daniel Ricciardo Red Bull Racing-TAG Heuer Report
    2019 United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton Mercedes Report
    2020 Not held due to the COVID-19 pandemic
    2021 Netherlands Max Verstappen Red Bull Racing-Honda Report
    2022 Mexico Sergio Pérez Red Bull Racing-RBPT Report
    2023 Netherlands Max Verstappen
    Honda RBPT
    		 Report
    Sources:[91][92]

    Previous circuit configurations

    • 1929–1971
      1929–1971
    • 1972
      1972
    • 1973–1975
      1973–1975
    • 1976–1985
      1976–1985
    • 1986–1996
      1986–1996

    See also

    References

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    4. ^ Walker, Kate (14 June 2018). "Fernando Alonso Takes Another Shot at a Motorsport Triple Crown". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
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    Bibliography

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