Moncton

Coordinates: 46°07′58″N 64°46′17″W / 46.13278°N 64.77139°W / 46.13278; -64.77139
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This article is about the city. For the geographic parish, former local service district, and rural census subdivision, see Moncton Parish, New Brunswick. For other uses, see Moncton (disambiguation).

Moncton
City
From top, left to right: Moncton skyline at night, the Capitol Theatre, Magic Mountain, Centennial Park, and Downtown Moncton at dusk
From top, left to right: Moncton skyline at night, the Capitol Theatre, Magic Mountain, Centennial Park, and Downtown Moncton at dusk
GDP (Moncton CMA)
CA$6.9 billion (2016)[6]
GDP per capita (Moncton CMA)CA$47,959 (2016)
Websitemoncton.ca Edit this at Wikidata

Moncton (

CMA in Canada for the year with a growth rate of 5.3%.[8] Its land area is 140.67 km2 (54.31 sq mi).[2]

Although the Moncton area was first settled in 1733, Moncton was officially founded in 1766 with the arrival of

Intercolonial Railway of Canada chose Moncton as its headquarters, and Moncton remained a railway town for well over a century until the Canadian National Railway
(CNR) locomotive shops closed in the late 1980s.

Although Moncton's economy was traumatized twice—by the collapse of the shipbuilding industry in the 1860s and by the closure of the CNR locomotive shops in the 1980s—the city was able to rebound strongly on both occasions. It adopted the motto Resurgo (Latin: "I rise again") after its rebirth as a railway town.[9] Its economy is stable and diversified, primarily based on its traditional transportation, distribution, retailing, and commercial heritage, and supplemented by strength in the educational, health care, financial, information technology, and insurance sectors. The strength of Moncton's economy has received national recognition and the local unemployment rate is consistently less than the national average.

On 1 January 2023, Moncton annexed an area including Charles Lutes Road and Zack Road;[10][11] revised census information has not been released.

History

Further information:
List of historic places in Moncton, New Brunswick

Acadians settled the head of the

Acadian settlers in the Moncton area established a marshland farming community and chose to name their settlement Le Coude ("The Elbow"),[14]
an allusion to the 90° bend in the river near the site of the settlement.

Acadian fort was captured by British forces under the command of Robert Monckton
.

In 1755, nearby

Great Upheaval".[17]

The reaches of the upper Petitcodiac River valley then came under the control of the Philadelphia Land Company (one of the principals of which was

Halifax
. The Bend became an important transfer and rest station along the route. Over the next decade, lumbering and then shipbuilding became important industries in the area.

The community's turning point came when

shipbuilding industry allowed The Bend to incorporate as the town of Moncton in 1855. Although the town was named for Monckton,[14]
a clerical error at the time the town was incorporated resulted in the misspelling of its name, which has remained to the present day. Moncton's first mayor was the shipbuilder Joseph Salter.

In 1857, the European and North American Railway opened its line from Moncton to nearby Shediac. This was followed in 1859 by a line from Moncton to Saint John.[22] At about the time of the railway's arrival, the popularity of steam-powered ships forced an end to the era of wooden shipbuilding. The Salter shipyard closed in 1858. The resulting industrial collapse caused Moncton to surrender its civic charter in 1862.[14]

Intercolonial Railway of Canada
depot in Moncton in 1904. The city's economy was revitalized when it was selected as the railway's headquarters in 1871.

Moncton's economic depression did not last long; a second era of prosperity came to the area in 1871, when Moncton was selected to be the headquarters of the

Intercolonial Railway of Canada (ICR).[14] The arrival of the ICR in Moncton was a seminal event for the community. For the next 120 years, the history of the city was firmly linked with the railway's. In 1875,[14] Moncton reincorporated as a town, and a year later, the ICR line to Quebec opened. The railway boom that emanated from this and the associated employment growth allowed Moncton to achieve city status on April 23, 1890.[23]

The Canadian National Railway station in 1927

Moncton grew rapidly during the early 20th century, particularly after provincial lobbying helped the city become the eastern terminus of the massive

Second World War, the Canadian Army built a large military supply base in the city to service the Maritime military establishment. The CNR continued to dominate the economy of the city; railway employment in Moncton peaked at nearly 6,000 workers in the 1950s before beginning a slow decline.[27]

The Eaton's catalogue warehouse in 1927. The company built the warehouse as Moncton was a centre for railways and shipping.

Moncton was placed on the

Petitcodiac River Causeway was constructed.[14] The Université de Moncton was founded in 1963[29] and became an important resource in the development of Acadian culture in the area.[30]

The late 1970s and the 1980s were a period of economic hardship for the city as several major employers closed or restructured.

Eatons catalogue division, CNR's locomotive shops facility and CFB Moncton closed during this time,[32] throwing thousands of citizens out of work.[33]

The city diversified in the early 1990s with the rise of information technology, led by

bilingual workforce.[34] By the late 1990s, retail, manufacturing and service expansion began to occur in all sectors and within a decade of the closure of the CNR locomotive shops Moncton had more than made up for its employment losses. This dramatic turnaround in the city's fortunes has been termed the "Moncton Miracle".[35]

The community's growth has continued unabated since the 1990s, actually accelerating. The confidence of the community has been bolstered by its ability to host major events such as the

Census Metropolitan Area and became New Brunswick's largest metropolitan area.[40]

Geography

Moncton is located along the north bank of the Petitcodiac River, at a point where the river bends acutely from a west–east to north–south flow.

Moncton lies in southeastern

Maritime Provinces. The city is along the north bank of the Petitcodiac River at a point where the river bends acutely from west−east to north−south flow. This geographical feature has contributed significantly to historical names for the community. Petitcodiac in the Mi'kmaq language has been translated as "bends like a bow". The early Acadian settlers in the region named their community Le Coude ("the elbow").[14] Subsequent English immigrants changed the settlement's name to The Bend of the Petitcodiac (or simply "The Bend").[14]

The

Petitcodiac river valley at Moncton is broad and relatively flat, bounded by a long ridge to the north (Lutes Mountain) and by the rugged Caledonia Highlands to the south. Moncton lies at the original head of navigation on the river, but a causeway to Riverview (constructed in 1968) resulted in extensive sedimentation of the river channel downstream and rendered the Moncton area of the waterway unnavigable.[14] On April 14, 2010, the causeway gates were opened in an effort to restore the silt-laden river.[41]

Tidal bore

Close-up of a tidal bore on the Petitcodiac River in Moncton. The River exhibits one of North America's few examples of a tidal bore.

The Petitcodiac River exhibits one of North America's few tidal bores: a regularly occurring wave that travels up the river on the leading edge of the incoming tide. The bore is a result of the Bay of Fundy's extreme tides. Originally, the bore was very impressive, sometimes between 1 and 2 metres (3 ft 3 in and 6 ft 7 in) high and extending across the 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) width of the Petitcodiac River in the Moncton area. This wave occurred twice a day at high tide, travelling at an average speed of 13 km/h (8.1 mph) and producing an audible roar.[42] Unsurprisingly, the "bore" became a very popular early tourist attraction for the city, but when the Petitcodiac causeway was built in the 1960s, the river channel quickly silted in and reduced the bore so that it rarely exceeded 15 to 20 centimetres (5.9 to 7.9 in) in height.[43] On April 14, 2010, the causeway gates were opened in an effort to restore the silt-laden river.[41] A recent tidal bore since the opening of the causeway gates measured a 2-foot-high (0.61 m) wave, unseen for many years.[44]

Climate

Main article: Climate of Moncton

Despite being less than 50 km (31 mi) from the Bay of Fundy and less than 30 km (19 mi) from the Northumberland Strait, the climate tends to be more continental than maritime during the summer and winter seasons, with maritime influences somewhat tempering the transitional seasons of spring and autumn.[45]

Moncton has a warm summer humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) with uniform precipitation distribution. Winter days are typically cold but sunny, with solar radiation generating some warmth. Daytime high temperatures usually range a few degrees below the freezing point. Major snowfalls can result from Nor'easter ocean storms moving up the east coast of North America.[46] These major snowfalls typically average 20–30 cm (8–12 in) and are frequently mixed with rain or freezing rain. Spring is often delayed because the sea ice that forms in the nearby Gulf of St. Lawrence during the winter requires time to melt, and this cools onshore winds, which can extend inland as far as Moncton. The ice burden in the gulf has diminished considerably over the last decade,[47] and the springtime cooling effect has weakened as a result. Daytime temperatures above freezing are typical by late February. Trees are usually in full leaf by May.[48] Summers are warm, sometimes hot, and can be somewhat humid due to the seasonal prevailing westerly winds strengthening the climate's continental tendencies.[45] Daytime highs sometimes reach more than 30 °C (86 °F). Rainfall is generally modest, especially in late July and August, and short periods of drought occur on occasion.[48] Autumn daytime temperatures remain mild until late October.[45] First snowfalls usually do not occur until late November and consistent snow cover on the ground does not happen until late December. New Brunswick's Fundy coast occasionally experiences the effects of post-tropical storms.[48] The stormiest weather of the year, with the greatest precipitation and the strongest winds, usually occurs during the fall/winter transition (November to mid-January).[48]

The highest temperature ever recorded in Moncton was 37.8 °C (100 °F) on August 18 and 19, 1935.[49] The coldest ever recorded was −37.8 °C (−36 °F) on February 5, 1948.[50]

Climate data for Moncton, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1881–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.2
(63.0) 		18.0
(64.4) 		26.1
(79.0) 		29.0
(84.2) 		34.5
(94.1) 		34.4
(93.9) 		36.1
(97.0) 		37.8
(100.0) 		35.0
(95.0) 		28.3
(82.9) 		23.0
(73.4) 		18.3
(64.9) 		37.8
(100.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −3.2
(26.2) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		2.7
(36.9) 		9.0
(48.2) 		16.5
(61.7) 		21.9
(71.4) 		25.3
(77.5) 		24.7
(76.5) 		20.0
(68.0) 		13.2
(55.8) 		6.4
(43.5) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		11.2
(52.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −8.2
(17.2) 		−7
(19) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		4.2
(39.6) 		10.7
(51.3) 		16.0
(60.8) 		19.5
(67.1) 		19.0
(66.2) 		14.5
(58.1) 		8.3
(46.9) 		2.5
(36.5) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		6.1
(43.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −13.1
(8.4) 		−12.2
(10.0) 		−7.2
(19.0) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		4.9
(40.8) 		10.0
(50.0) 		13.7
(56.7) 		13.2
(55.8) 		8.9
(48.0) 		3.3
(37.9) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		−8.4
(16.9) 		0.9
(33.6)
Record low °C (°F) −36.7
(−34.1) 		−37.8
(−36.0) 		−31.7
(−25.1) 		−17.8
(0.0) 		−7.2
(19.0) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		−9.4
(15.1) 		−21.1
(−6.0) 		−34.4
(−29.9) 		−37.8
(−36.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 97.7
(3.85) 		84.0
(3.31) 		105.9
(4.17) 		92.0
(3.62) 		101.7
(4.00) 		88.0
(3.46) 		84.8
(3.34) 		76.6
(3.02) 		93.7
(3.69) 		105.9
(4.17) 		93.8
(3.69) 		100.0
(3.94) 		1,124
(44.25)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 30.3
(1.19) 		30.2
(1.19) 		47.4
(1.87) 		63.4
(2.50) 		96.8
(3.81) 		88.0
(3.46) 		84.8
(3.34) 		76.6
(3.02) 		93.7
(3.69) 		104.6
(4.12) 		77.1
(3.04) 		49.1
(1.93) 		842.0
(33.15)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 67.4
(26.5) 		53.8
(21.2) 		58.5
(23.0) 		28.5
(11.2) 		4.9
(1.9) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		1.3
(0.5) 		16.7
(6.6) 		50.8
(20.0) 		282.0
(111.0)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 14.6 11.8 13.6 14.2 14.8 13.4 12.5 10.9 11.4 13.1 15.3 15.3 160.8
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 4.8 4.3 7.0 11.3 14.6 13.4 12.5 10.9 11.4 12.9 12.6 7.1 122.8
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 11.7 9.1 8.7 5.2 0.75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.36 4.3 10.1 50.1
Source:
Environment Canada[50][51][52][49]
Climate data for Greater Moncton Roméo LeBlanc International Airport, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1939–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high humidex 18.2 15.8 28.0 30.0 37.6 40.9 43.7 44.5 40.9 32.5 28.2 20.3 44.5
Record high °C (°F) 16.1
(61.0) 		15.3
(59.5) 		26.1
(79.0) 		28.5
(83.3) 		34.2
(93.6) 		34.4
(93.9) 		35.6
(96.1) 		37.2
(99.0) 		34.1
(93.4) 		26.9
(80.4) 		22.9
(73.2) 		17.8
(64.0) 		37.2
(99.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −3.7
(25.3) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		2.0
(35.6) 		8.5
(47.3) 		16.0
(60.8) 		21.2
(70.2) 		24.7
(76.5) 		24.0
(75.2) 		19.5
(67.1) 		12.8
(55.0) 		6.1
(43.0) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		10.7
(51.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −8.9
(16.0) 		−7.6
(18.3) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		3.5
(38.3) 		10.0
(50.0) 		15.2
(59.4) 		18.8
(65.8) 		18.2
(64.8) 		13.6
(56.5) 		7.6
(45.7) 		1.9
(35.4) 		−4.8
(23.4) 		5.4
(41.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −14
(7) 		−12.7
(9.1) 		−7.8
(18.0) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		4.0
(39.2) 		9.1
(48.4) 		12.9
(55.2) 		12.2
(54.0) 		7.7
(45.9) 		2.3
(36.1) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		−9.4
(15.1) 		0.1
(32.2)
Record low °C (°F) −32.2
(−26.0) 		−31.7
(−25.1) 		−27.4
(−17.3) 		−16.1
(3.0) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		1.2
(34.2) 		0.6
(33.1) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		−10
(14) 		−17.4
(0.7) 		−29
(−20) 		−32.2
(−26.0)
Record low wind chill −49.4 −46.0 −39.3 −27.7 −12.6 −4.9 0.0 0.0 −9.0 −14.7 −27.1 −43.5 −49.4
Average precipitation mm (inches) 103.3
(4.07) 		90.9
(3.58) 		115.6
(4.55) 		97.6
(3.84) 		96.9
(3.81) 		94.6
(3.72) 		92.1
(3.63) 		80.8
(3.18) 		93.5
(3.68) 		113.4
(4.46) 		107.2
(4.22) 		114.4
(4.50) 		1,200.4
(47.26)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 28.8
(1.13) 		28.4
(1.12) 		49.2
(1.94) 		62.3
(2.45) 		92.5
(3.64) 		94.6
(3.72) 		92.1
(3.63) 		80.8
(3.18) 		93.5
(3.68) 		112.1
(4.41) 		87.3
(3.44) 		54.2
(2.13) 		875.7
(34.48)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 78.1
(30.7) 		64.7
(25.5) 		64.5
(25.4) 		31.2
(12.3) 		3.8
(1.5) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		1.2
(0.5) 		19.4
(7.6) 		62.4
(24.6) 		325.3
(128.1)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 16.6 13.7 14.7 15.3 15.6 15.1 14.1 12.2 11.7 13.8 16.0 16.5 175.5
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 5.9 4.8 7.7 12.3 15.4 15.1 14.1 12.2 11.7 13.7 12.9 8.1 134.0
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 14.2 12.0 10.9 6.5 0.90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.41 5.5 12.3 62.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 116.2 124.3 139.9 165.6 207.5 232.8 256.3 241.1 173.3 149.4 95.1 101.1 2,002.2
Percent possible sunshine 41.3 42.7 37.9 40.8 44.8 49.4 53.8 55.0 45.9 44.0 33.4 37.5 43.9
Source:
Environment Canada[53][54][55][56]

Cityscape

Skyline of Downtown Moncton, with the Bell Aliant Tower to the right. The Tower is the tallest free-standing structure in Atlantic Canada.
See also: List of tallest buildings in Moncton

Moncton generally remains a "low rise" city, but its skyline encompasses buildings and structures with varying architectural styles from many periods. The city's most dominant structure is the

microwave communications tower built in 1971. When it was constructed, it was the tallest microwave communications tower of its kind in North America. It remains the tallest structure in Moncton, dwarfing the neighbouring Place L’Assomption by 46 metres (151 ft).[57] Indeed, the Bell Aliant Tower is also the tallest free-standing structure in all four Atlantic provinces. Assumption Place is a 20-story office building and the headquarters of Assumption Mutual Life Insurance. This building is 81 metres (266 ft) tall and tied with Brunswick Square (Saint John) as the tallest building in the province.[58] The Blue Cross Centre is a nine-story building in Downtown Moncton. It is architecturally distinctive, encompasses a full city block, and is the city's largest office building by square footage.[59] It is the home of Medavie Blue Cross and the Moncton Public Library
. There are about a half dozen other buildings in Moncton between eight and 12 stories, including the Delta Beausejour and Brunswick Crowne Plaza Hotels and the Terminal Plaza office complex.

Centennial Park is one of several public parks managed by the city.

Urban parks

The most popular park in the area is Centennial Park, which contains an artificial beach, lighted cross country skiing and hiking trails, the city's largest playground, lawn bowling and tennis facilities, a boating pond, a treetop adventure course, and Rocky Stone Field, a city owned 2,500 seat football stadium with artificial turf, and home to the Moncton Minor Football Association.[60] The city's other main parks are

Metro Moncton. The Riverfront Trail is part of the Trans Canada Trail system, and various monuments and pavilions can be found along its length.[62]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1861 1,396—    
1871 600−57.0%
1881 5,032+738.7%
1891 8,762+74.1%
1901 9,026+3.0%
2021
79,470+10.5%

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the City of Moncton had a population of 79,470 living in 35,118 of its 37,318 total private dwellings, a change of 10.5% from its 2016 population of 71,889. With a land area of 140.67 km2 (54.31 sq mi), it had a population density of 564.9/km2 (1,463.2/sq mi) in 2021.[63]

Moncton's urban area (population centre) had a population of 119,785 living in an area of 110.73 km2 (42.75 sq mi). Residents lived in 51,830 dwellings out of the 54,519 total private dwellings.[4]

Greater Moncton, the Census Metropolitan Area (CMA), had a population of 157,717 living in 67,179 of its 70,460 total private dwellings; a change of 8.9% from its 2016 population of 144,810. The CMA includes the neighbouring city of Dieppe and the town of Riverview, as well as adjacent suburban areas in Westmorland and Albert counties.[64] With a land area of 2,562.47 km2 (989.38 sq mi), it had a population density of 61.5/km2 (159.4/sq mi) in 2021.[65]

Moncton's urban area is the third largest in Atlantic Canada, after Halifax, Nova Scotia, and St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, and the second largest in The Maritimes.

In 2016, the median age in Moncton was 41.4, close to the national median age of 41.2.

The 2021 census reported that immigrants (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 8,460 persons or 10.9% of the total population of Moncton. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were Philippines (795 persons or 9.4%), India (655 persons or 7.7%), United States of America (555 persons or 6.6%), China (475 persons or 5.6%), Nigeria (470 persons or 5.6%), United Kingdom (395 persons or 4.7%), Syria (385 persons or 4.6%), South Korea (380 persons or 4.5%), France (290 persons or 3.4%), and Democratic Republic of the Congo (270 persons or 3.2%).[66]

Ethnicity

As of 2021, approximately 82.4% of Moncton's residents were of European ancestry, while 14.9% were visible minorities and 2.7% were Indigenous.[66] The largest ethnic minority groups in Moncton were Black (5.3%), South Asian (3.0%), Arab (1.5%), Filipino (1.3%), Chinese (0.9%), Southeast Asian (0.8%), Korean (0.7%), and Latin American (0.7%).[66]

Panethnic groups in the City of Moncton (2001−2021)
Panethnic group 2021[66] 2016[67] 2011[68] 2006[69] 2001[70]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
European[a] 63,780 82.4% 63,130 90.04% 62,730 93% 60,575 96.2% 58,450 97.29%
African
 4,075 5.26% 1,830 2.61% 1,180 1.75% 710 1.13% 555 0.92%
South Asian 2,310 2.98% 330 0.47% 490 0.73% 265 0.42% 145 0.24%
Indigenous 2,080 2.69% 1,795 2.56% 1,415 2.1% 640 1.02% 470 0.78%
Southeast Asian[b] 1,595 2.06% 665 0.95% 505 0.75% 115 0.18% 95 0.16%
East Asian[c] 1,300 1.68% 1,085 1.55% 690 1.02% 275 0.44% 215 0.36%
Middle Eastern[d] 1,260 1.63% 950 1.35% 270 0.4% 185 0.29% 65 0.11%
Latin American 565 0.73% 195 0.28% 85 0.13% 55 0.09% 25 0.04%
Other/multiracial[e] 440 0.57% 135 0.19% 85 0.13% 150 0.24% 65 0.11%
Total responses 77,405 97.4% 70,115 97.53% 67,450 97.65% 62,965 98.19% 60,080 98.42%
Total population 79,470 100% 71,889 100% 69,074 100% 64,128 100% 61,046 100%
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses

Language

A sign at the entrance of Moncton. Both English and French is used on the sign, the two most spoken languages in the city.
Canada Census Mother Tongue - Moncton, New Brunswick [71]
Census Total
English
French
English & French
Other
Year Responses Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop %
2021
78,210
 45,765 Increase 4.68% 58.52% 21,375 Decrease 0.95% 27.33% 2,230 Increase 79.12% 2.85% 8,470 Increase 51.36% 10.83%
2016
70,670
 43,720 Increase 1.60% 61.87% 21,580 Increase 1.43% 30.54% 1,245 Increase 15.81% 1.76% 4,120 Increase 61.57% 5.83%
2011
67,930
 43,030 — 63.34% 21,275 — 31.32% 1,075 — 1.58% 2,550 — 3.75%

Moncton is a bilingual city, 58.5% of its residents having English as their mother tongue, while 27.3% have French, 2.9% learned both English and French as a first language, and 10.8% speak another language as their mother tongue.

Francophone and has benefited from an ongoing rural depopulation of the Acadian Peninsula and areas in northern and eastern New Brunswick.[72] The town of Riverview meanwhile is heavily (95%) Anglophone.[72]

Common non-official languages spoken as mother tongues are Arabic (1.4%), Punjabi (0.7%), Chinese Languages (0.7%), Tagalog (0.6%), Korean (0.6%), Spanish (0.6%), Vietnamese (0.5%), and Portuguese (0.5%). 1.2% of residents listed both English and a non-official language as mother tongues, while 0.4% listed both French and a non-official language.

Religion

According to the 2021 census, religious groups in Moncton included:[73]

  • Christianity (45,645 persons or 59.0%)
  • Irreligion (26,615 persons or 34.4%)
  • Islam (2,485 persons or 3.2%)
  • Hinduism (995 persons or 1.3%)
  • Sikhism (605 persons or 0.8%)
  • Judaism
    (205 persons or 0.3%)
  • Buddhism (180 persons or 0.2%)
  • Indigenous Spirituality
    (10 persons or <0.1%)
  • Other (660 persons or 0.9%)

Economy

See also: List of companies headquartered in Moncton

The underpinnings of the local economy are based on Moncton's heritage as a commercial, distribution, transportation, and retailing centre. This is due to Moncton's central location in the Maritimes: it has the largest

catchment area in Atlantic Canada with 1.6 million people living within a three-hour drive of the city.[74] The insurance, information technology, educational, and health care sectors also are major factors in the local economy with the city's two hospitals alone employing over five thousand people, along with a growing high tech sector that includes companies such as Nanoptix,[75] International Game Technology, OAO Technology Solutions, BMM Test Labs, TrustMe,[76] and BelTek Systems Desig.[77]

The Blue Cross Centre is the headquarters for Medavie Blue Cross. A number of headquarters are located in Moncton.

Moncton has garnered national attention because of the strength of its economy. The local unemployment rate averages around 6%, which is below the national average.[78] In 2004 Canadian Business magazine named it "The best city for business in Canada",[79] and in 2007 FDi magazine named it the fifth most business-friendly small-sized city in North America.[80]

Moncton's high proportion of bilingual workers and its status as border-city between majority francophone and majority anglophone areas makes it an attractive centre for both federal employment and the stationing of call-centres for Canadian companies (who provide services in both languages). The city is home to the regional head offices for several Canadian federal agencies such as Corrections Canada, Transport Canada, the Gulf Fisheries Centre and the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency. There are 37 call centres in the city which employ over 5,000 people. Some of the larger centres include

Exxon Mobil, Royal Bank of Canada, Tangerine Bank (formerly ING Direct), UPS, Fairmont Hotels and Resorts, Rogers Communications, and Nordia Inc.[81]

A number of nationally or regionally prominent corporations have their head offices in Moncton including

Irving corporation have their head offices and/or major operations in greater Moncton. These include Midland Transport, Majesta/Royale Tissues, Irving Personal Care, Master Packaging, Brunswick News, and Cavendish Farms. Kent Building Supplies (an Irving subsidiary) opened their main distribution centre in the Caledonia Industrial Park in 2014. The Irving group of companies employs several thousand people in the Moncton region.[83]

There are three large industrial parks in the metropolitan area. The Irving operations are concentrated in the Dieppe Industrial Park. The Moncton Industrial Park in the city's west end has been expanded.

Molson/Coors opened a brewery in the Caledonia Industrial Park in 2007, its first new brewery in over fifty years.[84]
All three industrial parks also have large concentrations of warehousing and regional trucking facilities.

Downtown Moncton acts as the central business district for the city. It houses a number of government and financial offices.

A new four-lane Gunningsville Bridge was opened in 2005, connecting downtown Riverview directly with downtown Moncton. On the Moncton side, the bridge connects with an extension of Vaughan Harvey Boulevard as well as to Assumption Boulevard and will serve as a catalyst for economic growth in the downtown area.[85] This has become already evident as an expansion to the Blue Cross Centre was completed in 2006 and a Marriott Residence Inn opened in 2008. The new regional law courts on Assumption Blvd opened in 2011. A new 8,800 seat downtown arena (the Avenir Centre) recently opened in September 2018. On the Riverview side, the Gunningsville Bridge now connects to a new ring road around the town and is expected to serve as a catalyst for development in east Riverview.[85]

The retail sector in Moncton has become one of the most important pillars of the local economy. Major retail projects such as Champlain Place in Dieppe and the Wheeler Park Power Centre on Trinity Drive have become major destinations for locals and for tourists alike.[86][87]

Magnetic Hill

Tourism is an important industry in Moncton and historically owes its origins to the presence of two natural attractions, the tidal bore of the Petitcodiac River (see above) and the optical illusion of

major water park, zoo, and an outdoor concert facility. A $90 million casino/hotel/entertainment complex opened at Magnetic Hill
in 2010.

Culture

Moncton's Capitol Theatre is a performing arts venue and hosts productions for the Atlantic Ballet Theatre of Canada, and Theatre New Brunswick.

Moncton's Capitol Theatre, an 800-seat restored 1920s-era vaudeville house on Main Street, is the main centre for cultural entertainment for the city.[88][89] The theatre hosts a performing arts series and provides a venue for various theatrical performances as well as Symphony New Brunswick and the Atlantic Ballet Theatre of Canada.[88] The adjacent Empress Theatre offers space for smaller performances and recitals.[88] The Molson Canadian Centre at Casino New Brunswick provides a 2,000-seat venue for major touring artists and performing groups.

The Moncton-based Atlantic Ballet Theatre tours mainly in Atlantic Canada but also tours nationally and internationally on occasion.[90] Théâtre l'Escaouette is a Francophone live theatre company which has its own auditorium and performance space on Botsford Street. The Anglophone Live Bait Theatre is based in the nearby university town of Sackville. There are several private dance and music academies in the metropolitan area, including the Capitol Theatre's own performing arts school.

Aberdeen Cultural Centre is an Acadian cultural cooperative containing multiple studios and galleries.

The Aberdeen Cultural Centre is a major Acadian cultural cooperative containing multiple studios and galleries. Among other tenants, the centre houses the Galerie Sans Nom, the principal private art gallery in the city.[91]

The city's two main museums are the Moncton Museum at

genealogical research centre and is also home to several multicultural organizations.[94] The Treitz Haus is located on the riverfront adjacent to Bore View Park and has been dated to 1769 both by architectural style and by dendrochronology.[95] It is the only surviving building from the Pennsylvania Dutch
era and is the oldest surviving building in the province of New Brunswick.

The Treitz Haus in Moncton, New Brunswick

In film production, the city has since 1974 been home to the National Film Board of Canada's French-language Studio Acadie.[96]

Moncton is home to

the Frye Festival, an annual bilingual literary celebration held in honour of world-renowned literary critic and favourite son Northrop Frye. This event attracts noted writers and poets from around the world and takes place in the month of April.[97]

The Atlantic Nationals Automotive Extravaganza, held each July, is the largest annual gathering of classic cars in Canada.[98] Other notable events include The Atlantic Seafood Festival[99] in August, The HubCap Comedy Festival,[100] and the World Wine Festival, both held in the spring.

Monument for Recognition in the 21st century (MR21).[101]

Sports

Facilities

The Moncton Sports Dome is an indoor air-supported building used for a number of different sports and recreational activities.

The

IAAF World Junior Track & Field Championships. It has a permanent seating for 10,000, but is expandable to a capacity of over 20,000 for events such as professional Canadian football. The only velodrome in Atlantic Canada is in Dieppe. It has since been closed after 17 years of existence due to safety concerns in May 2018.[104][105] The metro area has a total of 12 indoor hockey rinks and one curling club, Curl Moncton
. Other public sporting and recreational facilities are scattered throughout the metropolitan area, including a new $18 million aquatic centre in Dieppe opened in 2009.

Sports teams

The

Canadian Interuniversity Sport program.[111]

Club Sport League Venue Established Championships
Moncton Magic Basketball NBL Canada Avenir Centre 2017 1 – NBLC Championship 2019[112]
Moncton Wildcats Ice hockey
QMJHL
 Avenir Centre 1996 2 –
President's Cup (QMJHL)
Moncton Fisher Cats Baseball NBSBL Kiwanis Park 2015 1 – NBSBL Championship (2017)[113]
Moncton Mustangs Football MFL Rocky Stone Field 2004 5 – Maritime Bowl
Moncton Mavericks
Lacrosse
 ECJLL (JR A) Superior Propane Centre 2006 1 (Jr.B 2008)
U de M Aigles Bleus
 Ice hockey (M/F)
Soccer (M/F)
Volleyball (F)
track and field (M/F)
Cross country running (M/F)		 AUS
Stade Moncton Stadium
 1964 Men's Hockey – 11 (
CIS)
Women's Hockey – 1 (AUS)
Women's Volleyball – 5 (AUS)
Men's Athletics – 6 (AUS)
Women's Athletics – 2 (AUS
)
Crandall Chargers Baseball (M)
Soccer (M/F)
Basketball (M/F)
Cross country running (M/F)		 ACAA
CIBA		 Various Campus Facilities 1949 1 – CIBA Regional Championships

Major events

See also:
List of events in Greater Moncton
Moncton Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium that has hosted a number of events, including several games in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup
.

Moncton has hosted many large sporting events. The

World Men's Curling Championship
was held in Moncton in 2009; the second time this event has taken place in the city.

Moncton also hosted the 2010

Edmonton Eskimos, which was held on September 26, 2010.[117] This was the first neutral site regular season game in the history of the Canadian Football League and was played before a capacity crowd of 20,750. Additional CFL regular season games were held in 2011 and 2013, and again on August 25, 2019.[118]

Moncton was one of only six Canadian cities chosen to host the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.

Major sporting events hosted by Moncton include:

Government

See also: Moncton City Council
Moncton City Hall is the seat of municipal government
.

The municipal government consists of a mayor and ten

City Manager.[119]

Moncton is in the federal riding of Moncton—Riverview—Dieppe. Portions of Dieppe are in the federal riding of Beauséjour, and portions of Riverview are in the riding of Fundy Royal. In the current federal parliament, two MPs from the metropolitan area belong to the Liberal party and one to the Conservative party.

Moncton federal election results[120]
Year Liberal Conservative New Democratic Green
2021 48% 16,670 24% 8.266 17% 5,974 4% 1,538
2019 42% 16,621 24% 9,369 12% 4,812 18% 7,027
Moncton provincial election results[121]
Year PC Liberal Green People's Allnc.
2020 43% 13,210 33% 10,105 16% 5,112 6% 1,720
2018 32% 9,983 44% 13,600 10% 3,064 3% 1,034

Military

Main article: CFB Moncton
Canadian Forces
, known as Moncton Garrison.

Aside from locally formed militia units, the

military did not have a significant presence in the Moncton area until the beginning of the Second World War. In 1940, a large military supply base (later known as CFB Moncton) was constructed on a railway spur line north of downtown next to the CNR shops. This base served as the main supply depot for the large wartime military establishment in the Maritimes.[122] In addition, two British Commonwealth Air Training Plan bases were also built in the Moncton area during the war: No. 8 Service Flying Training School, RCAF, and No. 31 Personnel Depot, RAF. The RCAF also operated No. 5 Supply Depot in Moncton.[122] A naval listening station was also constructed in Coverdale (Riverview) in 1941 to help in coordinating radar activities in the North Atlantic.[122] Military flight training in the Moncton area terminated at the end of World War II and the naval listening station closed in 1971. CFB Moncton remained open to supply the maritime military establishment until just after the end of the Cold War.[122]

With the closure of CFB Moncton in the early 1990s, the military presence in Moncton has been significantly reduced.

DND property and is now termed the Moncton Garrison. It is affiliated with CFB Gagetown.[123] Resident components of the garrison include the 1 Engineer Support Unit (Regular force). The garrison also houses the 37 Canadian Brigade Group Headquarters (reserve force) and one of the 37 Brigades constituent units; the 8th Canadian Hussars (Princess Louise's), which is an armoured reconnaissance regiment.[123] 3 Area support unit Det Moncton, and 42 Canadian Forces Health Services Centre Det Moncton provide logistical support for the base.[123]
In 2013, the last regular forces units left the Moncton base, but the reserve units remain active and Moncton remains the 37 Canadian Brigade Unit headquarters.

Infrastructure

Health facilities

The Moncton Hospital is one of two major teaching hospitals located in Moncton.

There are two major regional referral and teaching hospitals in Moncton. The

neonatal intensive care, and adolescent psychiatry. A$48 million expansion to the hospital was completed in 2009 and contains a new laboratory, ambulatory care centre, and provincial level one trauma centre.[126]
A new oncology clinic was built at the hospital and opened in late 2014. The Moncton Hospital is managed by Horizon Health Network (formerly the South East Regional Health Authority).

The Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre was established in 1922.

The

orthopedics, vascular surgery, and nephrology
. A cardiac cath lab is being studied for the hospital and a new PET/CT scanner has been installed. A$75 million expansion for ambulatory care, expanded surgery suites, and medical training is currently under construction.[128] The hospital is also the location of the Atlantic Cancer Research Institute.[129] This hospital is managed by francophone Vitalité Health Network.

The internal working languages of the hospitals are English for the Moncton Hospital (Horizon Health Network) and French for the Dumont Hospital (Vitalité). However both health networks and their hospitals are required to provide services to the public in both official languages, in accordance with the New Brunswick Official Languages Act.[130]

Transportation

Air

Greater Moncton Roméo LeBlanc International Airport serves as the international airport for the entire Greater Moncton metropolitan area.

Moncton is served by the

Purolator all have their Atlantic Canadian air cargo bases at the facility. The GMIA is the home of the Moncton Flight College; the largest pilot training institution in Canada,[133]
and is also the base for the regional RCMP air service, the New Brunswick Air Ambulance Service and the regional Transport Canada hangar and depot.

There is a second smaller

McEwen Airfield (CCG4) is a private airstrip used for general aviation. Skydive Moncton operates the province's only nationally certified sports parachute club out of this facility.[134]

The Moncton Area Control Centre is one of only seven regional air traffic control centres in Canada.[135] This centre monitors over 430,000 flights a year, 80% of which are either entering or leaving North American airspace.[135]

Highways

Moncton lies on Route 2 of the Trans-Canada Highway, which leads to Nova Scotia in the east and to Fredericton and Quebec in the west. Route 15 intersects Route 2 at the eastern outskirts of Moncton, heads northeast leading to Shediac and northern New Brunswick, Route 16 connects to route 15 at Shediac and leads to Strait Shores and Prince Edward Island. Route 1 intersects Route 2 approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of the city and leads to Saint John and the U.S. border.[136] Wheeler Boulevard (Route 15) serves as an internal ring road, extending from the Petitcodiac River Causeway to Dieppe before exiting the city and heading for Shediac. Inside the city it is an expressway bounded at either end by traffic circles.[136]

Public transit

Codiac Transpo is a public transit bus service throughout Greater Moncton.

Greater Moncton is served by Codiac Transpo, which is operated by the City of Moncton. It operates 40 buses on 19 routes throughout Moncton, Dieppe, and Riverview.[137]

Maritime Bus provides intercity service to the region. Moncton is the largest hub in the system. All other major centres in New Brunswick, as well as Charlottetown, Halifax, and Truro are served out of the Moncton terminal.

Railways

Freight rail transportation in Moncton is provided by

Halifax and to Montreal, Quebec.[138]
The downtown Via station has been refurbished and also serves as the terminal for the Maritime Bus intercity bus service.

Education

École L'Odyssée is one of six publicly-funded secondary schools in the city.
See also: List of schools in Greater Moncton

The South School Board administers 10 Francophone schools, including high schools

Riverview
high schools.

The Université de Moncton is a French-language university, and the only publicly-funded university whose main campus is located in Moncton.

Post secondary education in Moncton:

Media

Main article: Media in Moncton
The Times & Transcript building is located in Downtown Moncton. It is the highest daily circulated newspaper in New Brunswick.

Moncton's daily newspaper is the

Caraquet
in northern New Brunswick.

There are 17 broadcast radio stations in the city covering a variety of genres and interests, all on the FM dial or online streaming. Eleven of these stations are English and six are French.

community channels, Cable 9 in French and Cable 10 in English. The French-language arm of the CBC, Radio-Canada
, maintains its Atlantic Canadian headquarters in Moncton. There are three other broadcast television stations in Moncton and these represent all of the major national networks.

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Moncton

Moncton has been the home of a number of notable people, including

Holly Dignard the actress who plays Nicole Miller on the CTV series Whistler.[155] Harry Currie, noted Canadian conductor, musician, educator, journalist and author was born in Moncton[156] and graduated from MHS. Antonine Maillet, a francophone author, recipient of the Order of Canada and the "Prix Goncourt", the highest honour in francophone literature, is also from Moncton.[157] France Daigle, another acclaimed Acadian novelist and playwright, was born and resides in Moncton, and is noted for her pioneering use of chiac in Acadian literature, was the recipient of the 2012 Governor General's Literary Prize in French Fiction, for her novel Pour Sûr (translated into English as "For Sure"). Canadian hockey star Sidney Crosby graduated from Harrison Trimble High School
in Moncton.

Sister cities

See also

References

Notes

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  2. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  3. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  4. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  5. ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
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Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Moncton.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Moncton.


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