Monkey Gone to Heaven

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"Monkey Gone to Heaven"
Compact Disc
RecordedNovember 1988 at Downtown Recorders, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Strings recorded on December 4, 1988, at Carriage House Studios, Stamford, Connecticut, United States
GenreGrunge[1]
Length2:56
LabelElektra
Songwriter(s)Black Francis
Producer(s)Gil Norton
Pixies singles chronology
"Gigantic"
(1988) 		"Monkey Gone to Heaven"
(1989) 		"Here Comes Your Man"
(1989)

"Monkey Gone to Heaven" is a song by the American

frontman Black Francis and was produced by Gil Norton
. Referencing environmentalism and biblical numerology, the song's lyrics mirrored themes that were explored in Doolittle. "Monkey Gone to Heaven" was the first Pixies song to feature guest musicians: two cellists, Arthur Fiacco and Ann Rorich, and two violinists, Karen Karlsrud and Corine Metter.

The band had signed to

major label release. It was critically well-received; Rolling Stone's David Fricke said "Monkey Gone to Heaven" was "a corrosive, compelling meditation on God and garbage".[3]
In the years since its release, the song has received several accolades from music publications.

Lyrics and meaning

"Monkey Gone to Heaven"'s main theme is

lead guitarist Joey Santiago's apartment to play it to him. Santiago later commented on the nascent performance: "It was early in the morning, I was still so tired. [Francis said] 'Hey Joe, I need to come over. I need to show you something.' [...] It was awesome, really good. He had the 'If man is five' part there, and he was laughing. [...] It was hilarious".[4]

"Monkey Gone to Heaven" includes references to numerology in the lyrics "If man is five/then the Devil is six/and God is seven". Francis later expanded on the significance of the lyrics in an interview to

Alternative Press, saying "It's a reference from what I understand to be Hebrew numerology, and I don't know a lot about it or any of it really. I just remember someone telling me of the supposed fact that in the Hebrew language, especially in the Bible, you can find lots of references to man in the 5th and Satan in the 6th and God in the 7th. [...] I didn't go to the library and figure it out".[5]
The song's numerology is alluded to on the single's cover, which features figures of five, six and seven, and also a monkey with a halo.

Ben Sisario, author of Doolittle 33⅓, offers a slightly different interpretation of the song: "Neptune, the god of this realm [in reference to Francis' ocean comment], the 'underwater guy who controlled the sea,' hung out down there, the personification of man's relationship with the earth. And what happens to Neptune? He gets 'killed by ten million pounds of sludge from New York to New Jersey.' Same thing with the "creature in the sky," who gets stuck up there in a hole in the ozone layer. Man the divine manifestation effectively dies, and what remains is his degraded animal nature; the chintzy halo stuck on the primate's head is the symbol of that unhappy fall".[6]

In February 2022, Black Francis elaborated on the song's meaning: "I guess it's loosely inspired by the so-called human dilemma of existence, our existential problem on whether we can survive as a race. But it's told without any agenda or judgment and mixes in some very loose biblical, sing-songy things because, you know, 'The devil is six and God is seven' rhymes with heaven. It's a nursery rhyme with mythological folk imagery. In oversimplified evolutionary terms, we are descended from apes and monkeys, so they are the animal we metaphorically most relate to because of this evolutionary kinship. So that's why it's not a bird or a fish gone to heaven."[7]

Structure

The cello part for the verses of "Monkey Gone to Heaven"

"Monkey Gone to Heaven" is written in the key of D major, and opens with Francis' rhythm guitar playing a short chord progression backed by the bass guitar of Kim Deal and drums of David Lovering. The guitar intensity fades as Francis begins to sing, leaving Deal's bassline and Lovering's steady drum-beat.[8] Between each line of the verse, Francis pauses, leaving the drums and bass playing. Joey Santiago's lead guitar does not feature at all during the verses. By the end of the second line of each verse, the cello part joins in, following the bassline closely.[9]

Pixies — "Monkey Gone to Heaven"
This sample contains the end of the second verse, the bridge and chorus.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

As the first verse finishes, the opening chord progression is repeated. This leads into the chorus (where Francis and Deal repeat "This monkey's gone to heaven") with the lead guitar of Santiago playing two notes repeatedly. The two violins play a melody throughout, accompanied by a piano in the background.[8] There is then a short solo by Santiago, who repeats the melody three times, to bridge the chorus and second verse. The second verse and chorus follow the same format. At the end of the second chorus, Francis shouts "Rock me Joe!"; Santiago then begins a guitar solo lasting seventeen seconds, with backing violins for the second half of the solo.

After the solo, Francis sings "If man is five" several times. There is no backing, apart from the lead guitar, for several seconds, but then the song's chord progression is heard again. This is repeated for "If the devil is six". At the end of the second chord progression, the song's main backing restarts again, with Francis screaming "Then God is seven" as the chorus approaches. The final repeated chorus of "This monkey's gone to heaven" ends the song as the string section becomes more prominent.

Recording and production

The band's parts were recorded at

B-movies such as Missing in Action and Silver Bullet. Montagnese hired four classical musicians from a local orchestra for the recording, with the session taking place on the afternoon of December 4, 1988.[11]

Arthur Fiacco, a cellist, arrived at Carriage House first. He was dressed in formal black and white attire, having traveled from an afternoon concert. Fiacco was surprised to find there were no scores written for the musicians to play; he then wrote a part based on riffs Francis had shown him.[11] The violinists, Corinne Metter and Karen Karlsrud, also followed the directions of Francis and Norton. Another cellist, Ann Rorich, credited on the album and single, was sent home; according to Fiacco he doubled her parts.[12]

Release and music video

"Monkey Gone to Heaven", the first single from Doolittle, was released to

Modern Rock Tracks chart,[13] with the help of Elektra Records' marketing. In the United Kingdom, "Monkey Gone to Heaven" was released on April 1, 1989 and spent three weeks in the UK chart, debuting at number 60.[14]

The

slow-motion
. The camera switches to color for a few seconds several times during the video, before reverting to black-and-white. Halfway through the video, fog appears on-stage, covering the band. The members of the string section are not seen in the video.

The song would later be re-recorded by Black Francis and released on his 2004 album Frank Black Francis.

Reception

In general, "Monkey Gone to Heaven" received a positive critical reaction. British magazine

AOR heartland before being splattered by the faster and more direct sting of the second track 'Manta Ray'."[1] Upon the release of Doolittle in April 1989, NME's Edwin Pouncey added: "the wonderful 'Monkey Gone to Heaven' is laced with lush but unobtrusive strings which nibble round the edge of the song and push it into a new realm of arrangement for the band. The opportunity to give 'Monkey' the full Philharmonic treatment, complete with heavenly harp, must have been a temptation to them. Wisely such a folly has been resisted."[15]

Modern Rock Tracks chart, marking the Pixies' debut in the American charts.[17] However, the song did not perform as well in the British charts, reaching a peak position of number 60 and falling off the charts after three weeks.[18]

Track listing

All songs were written by Black Francis

UK 7" single
  1. "Monkey Gone to Heaven"  – 2:56
  2. "Manta Ray"  – 2:38
UK/US 12"/CD single
  1. "Monkey Gone to Heaven"  – 2:56
  2. "Manta Ray"  – 2:38
  3. "Weird at My School"  – 1:59
  4. "Dancing the Manta Ray"  – 2:13

Accolades

Publication Country Accolade Year Rank
Melody Maker UK Single of the Year 1989 #1[citation needed]
NME UK Single of the Year 1989 #22[citation needed]
Rolling Stone US Single of the Year 1989 #5[citation needed]
The Village Voice US Single of the Year 1989 #24[19]
Rolling Stone US 500 Greatest Songs of All Time 2004 #410[20]
NME UK 50 Greatest Indie Anthems Ever 2007 #35[21]
Robert Dimery US 1001 Songs You Must Hear Before You Die 2010 *[22]
NME UK 500 Greatest Songs Of All Time 2014 #197[23]

* denotes an unordered list.

Charts

Chart (1989) Peak
position
UK Singles (OCC)[24]
 60
US Alternative Airplay (Billboard)[25] 5

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b "The Pixies — Monkey Gone to Heaven". NME. March 1989.
  2. ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine. "Artist Biography". AllMusic.
  3. ^ a b Fricke, David. "Pixies Cast Their Spell". Rolling Stone. June 1989.
  4. ^
    ISBN 0-8264-1774-4
    . p. 96
  5. ^ Goldman, Marlene. "Here and There and Everywhere". Alternative Press Vol IV, No 22. September 1989.
  6. ^ Sisario, 2006. p. 97.
  7. ^ Pelley, Rich (February 3, 2022). "Pixies frontman Black Francis: 'Kim Deal? We're always friends – but nothing is for ever'". The Guardian. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
  8. ^ a b Sisario, 2006. p. 98.
  9. Allmusic
    . Retrieved 2007-06-08.
  10. ^ Frank, Ganz, 2005. p. 113.
  11. ^ a b Buskin, Richard (December 2005). "Classic Tracks: The Pixies 'Monkey Gone To Heaven'". SoundOnSound. Retrieved 2008-01-06.
  12. ^ Sisario, 2006. p. 99.
  13. ^ "Artist Chart History — Pixies". Billboard.com. Retrieved 2008-01-06.
  14. ^ "Pixies – Full Official Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  15. ^ Pouncey, Edwin. "Pixies — Doolittle" NME. April 1989.
  16. ^ Kane, Peter. "Pixies — Doolittle" Q number 32. May 1989.
  17. ^ "Artist History — Pixies". Billboard.com. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
  18. ^ "UK Singles Chart". PolyHex. Archived from the original on 2008-12-07. Retrieved 2007-03-31.
  19. ^ "Pazz & Jop". VillageVoice.net. Retrieved 2007-04-21.[permanent dead link]
  20. ^ "Rolling Stone: Monkey Gone to Heaven". Rolling Stone. 2004-11-04. Archived from the original on October 1, 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-21.
  21. ^ "The Greatest Indie Anthems Ever — countdown continues". NME. 2007-05-01. Retrieved 2008-01-06.
  22. ISBN 978-1-84403-684-4
    .
  23. ^ "The 500 Greatest Songs Of All Time – 200–101". NME. 2014-02-08. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
  24. ^ "Pixies: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
  25. ^ "Pixies Chart History (Alternative Airplay)". Billboard. Retrieved 7 August 2017.

External links

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