Monomakh's Cap

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Monomachus Crown.
Monomakh's Cap in the foreground and Kazan Cap in the background
Russian regalia used prior to the Great Imperial Crown. The crown is styled after the Monomakh Cap, and was made for Tsar Michael Fyodorovich by Kremlin masters in 1627. The orb and sceptre are of Western-European origin[citation needed] and may have been given to Tsar Boris Godunov in 1604.

Monomakh's Cap (

precious stones (ruby and emerald) and pearls, and trimmed with sable
. The cap is surmounted by a simple gold cross with pearls at each of the extremities.

Origin

The main hypothesis sees the Cap as originating in ancient Moscow. One alternative account classifies it as of Central Asian origin (from the

Ivan Kalita[1]
(r. 1325–1340) during Mongol-
Tatar yoke era after the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' of 1223-1241.[2] Boris Uspensky (1996) in particular argues that the Tatar headgear was originally used in coronation ceremonies to signify the Muscovite ruler's subordination to the khan.[3] According to Sergey Solovyov (1879) "after the death of Ivan Kalita all Russian princes traveled to the Horde... and the Khan announced the eldest son of Kalita, Simeon, the Grand Prince of Vladimir".[4]

After

"Moscow as the Third Rome"
political theory.

The crown became known as "Monomakh's Cap", the term first recorded in a Muscovite document from 1518. However the fact that

Constantine IX Monomachus died 50 years before the coronation of Vladimir Monomakh makes the attribution a mere legend. The first version of the orient origin of the Cap (Uzbeg Khan) was suggested by George Vernadsky. Vernadsky was pointing to an interesting fact that according to Paul Pelliot Özbäg can be interpreted as a freeman (maître de sa personne).[citation needed
]

Professor M. G. Kramarovsky, who worked at the Hermitage Museum and was specifically interested in the origin of the cap, remarks that according to the technology of the headgear, the cap originated in the 14th or 15th century - either in the Volga cities or in Crimea, where the school of Golden Horde filigree had developed. According to Aleksandr Andreevich Spitsyn [ru] (1858-1931), possibly the cap was initially topped with the similar cross of the Jani Beg crown, however account of the German ambassador of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, Sigismund von Herberstein (known for his Notes on Muscovite Affairs, published in 1549) does not support that view.[citation needed]

After

Vladimir Monomakh was only two years old and he was not the Kievan sovereign yet.[citation needed
]

The Monomakh Cap was last used in the dual coronation of

empress-consort Catherine in 1724.[6][7][need quotation to verify
]

See also

References

  1. ^ Ivan Kalita's elder brother Yuri (r. 1303–1325) had married (c. 1317) Uzbeg Khan's sister, Konchaka [ru].
  2. ^ Vernadsky, George. (1949). History of Russia. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  3. ^ Uspensky, Boris. Assorted Works, vol. 1. Moscow, 1996. pp. 89–90, 107–11.
  4. ^ Solovyov, Sergey. "History of Russia from the Earliest Times". Works in 18 volumes. Book II. Volume 3–4. Moscow, 1988. p. 240
  5. ^ Solovyov, Sergey. History of Russia From the Most Ancient Times, in 15 volumes. Moscow, 1959–66. Vol. 3, p. 516.
  6. ^
    ISBN 9780517064832
    . Retrieved 3 September 2023. [...] a St. Petersburg jeweler was commissioned to make a new imperial crown more magnificent than any previously worn by a Russian sovereign. The ceremony would be held [...] in Holy Moscow, inside the Kremlin [...]. [...] Peter himself placed the crown on Catherine's head.
  7. ISBN 978-0679645603
    . Retrieved 2016-11-18.

External links


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