Montague Ullman
Montague Ullman | |
|---|---|
| Born | September 9, 1916 |
| Died | June 7, 2008 (aged 91) |
| Known for | Study of dreams |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Parapsychology, psychiatry |
Montague Ullman (September 9, 1916 – June 7, 2008) was a psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and parapsychologist who founded the Dream Laboratory at the Maimonides Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York and for over three decades promoted public interest in dreams and dream sharing groups.
Biography
Ullman received his Bachelor of Science degree from the
Ullman resigned from Maimonides in 1974 and, since then, was engaged in work on dreams and dreaming. He was in the forefront of the movement to stimulate public interest in dreams and to encourage the development of dream sharing groups. Working in a small group setting that he believed to be both safe and effective, Ullman spent the last three decades of his life leading such groups both in the United States and overseas.
Ullman was also Clinical Professor of Psychiatry Emeritus at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and was a president of both the Parapsychological Association and of the American Society for Psychical Research. He served on the Council of Advisors for the Dream Network Journal from 1990 to 1994, and was honoured with a special edition of the journal in 2006 "A Tribute to Monte Ullman".[1]
Reception
Ullman's dream telepathy experiments have not been independently replicated.[2][3][4][5] James Alcock has written the dream telepathy experiments of Ullman and Stanley Krippner at Maimonides have failed to provide evidence for telepathy and "lack of replication is rampant."[6]
The picture target experiments that were conducted by Krippner and Ullman, were criticized by C. E. M. Hansel. According to Hansel there were weaknesses in the design of the experiments in the way in which the agent became aware of their target picture. Only the agent should have known the target and no other person until the judging of targets had been completed, however, an experimenter was with the agent when the target envelope was opened. Hansel also wrote there had been poor controls in the experiment as the main experimenter could communicate with the subject.[7]
An attempt to replicate the experiments that used picture targets was carried out by Edward Belvedere and David Foulkes. The finding was that neither the subject nor the judges matched the targets with dreams above chance level.[8] Results from other experiments by Belvedere and Foulkes were also negative.[9]
Books
- Ullman, Montague & Zimmerman, Nan. Working with Dreams, Los Angeles: Jeremy P. Tarcher Inc., 1979.
- Ullman, Montague & Limmer, Claire (editors). The Variety of Dream Experience, Second edition. New York: State University of New York Press, 1999.
- Vaughan, Alan; Ullman, Montague & Krippner, Stanley. Dream Telepathy. New York: Macmillan, 1973.
- Ullman, Montague. Appreciating Dreams - A Group Approach, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, California, 1996; republished by Cosimo Books, New York, 2006.
See also
References
- ^ "A Tribute to Monte Ullman" (PDF). Dream Network Journal. 25 (2). 2006. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
- ISBN 0-8008-7374-2
- ^ Clemmer, E. J. (1986). Not so anomalous observations question ESP in dreams. American Psychologist 41: 1173-1174.
- ^ Hyman, Ray. (1986). Maimonides dream-telepathy experiments. Skeptical Inquirer 11: 91-92.
- ISBN 0-486-26167-0
- ^ Alcock James. (2003). Give the Null Hypothesis a Chance: Reasons to Remain Doubtful about the Existence of Psi. Journal of Consciousness Studies 10: 29–50.
- ISBN 0-87975-300-5
- ^ Belvedere, E., Foulkes, D. (1971). Telepathy and Dreams: A Failure to Replicate. Perceptual and Motor Skills 33: 783–789.
- ISBN 0-87975-516-4
External links
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