Montgomery, Alabama
Montgomery, Alabama | |
---|---|
Montgomery along the Alabama River Commerce Street, downtown | |
UTC–5 (CDT) | |
ZIP Codes | ZIP Codes[8] |
FIPS code | 01-51000 |
GNIS feature ID | 0165344[5] |
Website | montgomeryal.gov |
Montgomery is the capital city of the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Montgomery County.[9] Named for Continental Army Major General Richard Montgomery, it stands beside the Alabama River, on the coastal Plain of the Gulf of Mexico. The population was 200,603 at the 2020 census.[6] It is now the third most populous city in the state, after Huntsville and Birmingham, and is the 128th most populous in the United States. The Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area's population in 2022 was 385,460; it is the fourth largest in the state and 142nd among United States metropolitan areas.
The city was incorporated in 1819 as a merger of two towns situated along the
.In addition to housing many Alabama government agencies, Montgomery has a large military presence, due to Maxwell Air Force Base. It has three public universities (Alabama State University, Troy University (Montgomery campus), and Auburn University at Montgomery), two private post-secondary institutions (Faulkner University and Huntingdon College), high-tech manufacturing (particularly Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama), and many cultural attractions, such as the Alabama Shakespeare Festival, the Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts, and the National Memorial for Peace and Justice.
Montgomery has also been recognized nationally for its downtown revitalization and new urbanism projects. It was one of the first cities in the nation to implement SmartCode Zoning.
History
Prior to European colonization, the east bank of the
The historic tribes spoke mutually intelligible
The next recorded European encounter occurred more than a century later, when an English expedition from
In 1785, Abraham Mordecai, a war veteran from a
The Upper Creek were able to discourage most white immigration until after the conclusion of the Creek War. Following their defeat by General Andrew Jackson in August 1814, the Creek tribes were forced to cede 23 million acres to the United States, including remaining land in today's Georgia and most of today's central and southern Alabama. In 1816, the Mississippi Territory (1798–1817) organized Montgomery County. Its former Creek lands were sold off the next year at the federal land office in Milledgeville, Georgia.
The first group of white settlers to come to the Montgomery area was headed by General
Soon after, Andrew Dexter Jr. founded New Philadelphia, the present-day eastern part of downtown. He envisioned a prominent future for his town; he set aside a hilltop known as "Goat Hill" as the future site of the state capitol building. New Philadelphia soon prospered, and Scott and his associates built a new town adjacent, calling it East Alabama Town. Originally rivals, the towns merged on December 3, 1819, and were incorporated as the town of Montgomery,[2][14] named for Richard Montgomery, an American Revolutionary War general.
Slave traders used the Alabama River to deliver enslaved laborers to planters, to work the cotton. Buoyed by the revenues of the cotton trade at a time of high market demand, the newly united Montgomery grew quickly. In 1822, the city was designated as the county seat. A new courthouse was built at the present location of Court Square, at the foot of Market Street (now Dexter Avenue).[15] Court Square had one of the largest slave markets in the South. The state capital was moved from Tuscaloosa to Montgomery, on January 28, 1846.[16]
As state capital, Montgomery began to influence state politics, and it would also play a prominent role on the national stage. Beginning February 4, 1861, representatives from Alabama,
On April 12, 1865, following the Battle of Selma, Major General James H. Wilson captured Montgomery for the Union.[18]
In 1886 Montgomery became the first city in the United States to install citywide electric
On February 12, 1945, a devastating and deadly tornado struck the western portion of the city. The tornado killed 26 people, injured 293 others, and caused a city-wide blackout which lasted for hours.[20] The United States Weather Bureau would describe this tornado as "the most officially observed one in history".[21]
In the post-World War II era, returning African-American veterans were among those who became active in pushing to regain their civil rights in the South: to be allowed to vote and participate in politics, to freely use public places, to end segregation. According to the historian
In separate action, integrated teams of
Martin Luther King Jr. returned to Montgomery in 1965. Local civil rights leaders in Selma had been protesting Jim Crow laws and practices that raised barriers to blacks registering to vote. Following the shooting of a man after a civil rights rally, the leaders decided to march to Montgomery to petition Governor George Wallace to allow free voter registration. The violence they encountered from county and state highway police outraged the country. The federal government ordered National Guard and troops to protect the marchers. Thousands more joined the marchers on the way to Montgomery, and an estimated 25,000 marchers entered the capital to press for voting rights. These actions contributed to Congressional passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, to authorize federal supervision and enforcement of the rights of African Americans and other minorities to vote.
On February 7, 1967, a devastating fire broke out at Dale's Penthouse, a restaurant and lounge on the top floor of the Walter Bragg Smith apartment building (now called Capital Towers) at 7 Clayton Street downtown. Twenty-six people died.[24]
In recent years, Montgomery has grown and diversified its economy. Active in downtown revitalization, the city adopted a master plan in 2007; it includes the revitalization of Court Square and the riverfront, renewing the city's connection to the river.[25] Many other projects under construction include the revitalization of Historic Dexter Avenue, pedestrian and infrastructure improvements along the Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail, and the construction of a new environmental park on West Fairview Avenue.
Geography
Montgomery is located at 32°21′42″N 86°16′45″W / 32.36167°N 86.27917°W.[26]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 162.27 square miles (420.3 km2), of which 159.86 square miles (414.0 km2) is land and 2.41 square miles (6.2 km2) (0.52%) is water.[4] The city is built over rolling terrain at an elevation of about 220 feet (67 m) above sea level.[27]
Cityscape
Downtown Montgomery lies along the southern bank of the
One block south of the Capitol is the
The completion of a 112,000-square-foot (10,400 m2) space in 2007, the Convention Center, has encouraged growth and activity in the downtown area and attracted more high-end retail and restaurants.[33] Three blocks east of the Convention Center, Old Alabama Town showcases more than 50 restored buildings from the 19th century. The Riverwalk is part of a larger plan to revitalize the downtown area and connect it to the waterfront. The plan includes urban forestry, infill development, and façade renovation to encourage business and residential growth.[25]
Other downtown developments include historic Dexter Avenue, which will be the center of a Market District. A $6 million streetscape project is improving its design.
The National Memorial for Peace and Justice opened in downtown Montgomery on April 26, 2018. Founded by the Equal Justice Initiative, it acknowledges the historic past of racial terrorism and lynching in America.[36]
South of downtown, across
Montgomery's east side is the fastest-growing part of the city.
The area is also home of the Wynton M. Blount Cultural Park. This 240-acre (1.0 km2) park contains the Alabama Shakespeare Festival and Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts.[44]
Revitalization
Montgomery has been recognized nationally for its continuing downtown revitalization. In the early 2000s, the city constructed the Montgomery Biscuits minor league baseball stadium and Riverfront Park. Following those developments, hundreds of millions of dollars have been invested by private companies that have adapted old warehouses and office buildings into loft apartments, restaurants, retail, hotels, and businesses. The demand for downtown living space has risen, as people want to have walkable, lively neighborhoods. More than 500 apartment units are under construction, including The Heights on Maxwell Boulevard, The Market District on Dexter Avenue, the Kress Building on Dexter Avenue, The Bell Building on Montgomery Street, and a new complex by the convention center. Additionally, Montgomery has recently opened a 50 million dollar white water park on July 7, located off Air Force Boulevard.[45]
Climate
Montgomery has a
Thunderstorms bring much of Montgomery's rainfall. These are common during the summer months but occur throughout the year. Severe thunderstorms – producing large hail and damaging winds in addition to the usual hazards of lightning and heavy rain – can occasionally occur, particularly during the spring. Severe storms also bring a risk of
Climate data for Montgomery, Alabama (1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1872–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 83 (28) |
86 (30) |
90 (32) |
94 (34) |
99 (37) |
106 (41) |
107 (42) |
106 (41) |
106 (41) |
102 (39) |
91 (33) |
85 (29) |
107 (42) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 75.6 (24.2) |
78.8 (26.0) |
84.7 (29.3) |
87.4 (30.8) |
93.1 (33.9) |
96.9 (36.1) |
98.3 (36.8) |
98.9 (37.2) |
95.7 (35.4) |
90.1 (32.3) |
82.7 (28.2) |
77.6 (25.3) |
99.6 (37.6) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 59.8 (15.4) |
64.7 (18.2) |
71.9 (22.2) |
78.8 (26.0) |
86.0 (30.0) |
91.5 (33.1) |
93.7 (34.3) |
93.6 (34.2) |
89.3 (31.8) |
80.2 (26.8) |
69.8 (21.0) |
61.9 (16.6) |
78.4 (25.8) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 48.1 (8.9) |
52.6 (11.4) |
59.2 (15.1) |
65.7 (18.7) |
73.6 (23.1) |
80.2 (26.8) |
82.9 (28.3) |
82.5 (28.1) |
77.8 (25.4) |
67.4 (19.7) |
56.6 (13.7) |
50.2 (10.1) |
66.4 (19.1) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 36.5 (2.5) |
40.4 (4.7) |
46.5 (8.1) |
52.6 (11.4) |
61.3 (16.3) |
69.0 (20.6) |
72.1 (22.3) |
71.4 (21.9) |
66.3 (19.1) |
54.5 (12.5) |
43.3 (6.3) |
38.6 (3.7) |
54.4 (12.4) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 19.1 (−7.2) |
23.6 (−4.7) |
28.8 (−1.8) |
37.3 (2.9) |
47.3 (8.5) |
60.1 (15.6) |
66.7 (19.3) |
64.2 (17.9) |
53.0 (11.7) |
37.3 (2.9) |
26.7 (−2.9) |
23.2 (−4.9) |
17.1 (−8.3) |
Record low °F (°C) | 0 (−18) |
−5 (−21) |
17 (−8) |
28 (−2) |
40 (4) |
48 (9) |
59 (15) |
56 (13) |
39 (4) |
26 (−3) |
13 (−11) |
5 (−15) |
−5 (−21) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 4.64 (118) |
4.88 (124) |
5.21 (132) |
3.99 (101) |
3.88 (99) |
4.08 (104) |
5.06 (129) |
4.02 (102) |
3.69 (94) |
2.87 (73) |
3.85 (98) |
4.99 (127) |
51.16 (1,299) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.3 (0.76) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.4 (1.0) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.4 | 9.5 | 9.1 | 7.7 | 8.1 | 10.3 | 11.7 | 9.7 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 7.0 | 10.2 | 106.6 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
69.8 | 66.5 | 66.0 | 66.8 | 70.6 | 71.7 | 75.7 | 76.0 | 73.9 | 71.1 | 71.7 | 70.9 | 70.9 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 34.9 (1.6) |
36.9 (2.7) |
44.2 (6.8) |
52.0 (11.1) |
60.4 (15.8) |
66.9 (19.4) |
70.7 (21.5) |
70.3 (21.3) |
65.1 (18.4) |
53.4 (11.9) |
45.5 (7.5) |
38.5 (3.6) |
53.2 (11.8) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 153.1 | 166.0 | 219.4 | 250.8 | 267.4 | 261.8 | 262.1 | 251.9 | 226.4 | 228.3 | 171.4 | 153.1 | 2,611.7 |
Percent possible sunshine | 48 | 54 | 59 | 64 | 62 | 61 | 60 | 61 | 61 | 65 | 54 | 49 | 59 |
Source: |
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1830 | 695 | — | |
1840 | 2,179 | 213.5% | |
1850 | 4,728 | 117.0% | |
1860 | 8,843 | 87.0% | |
1870 | 10,588 | 19.7% | |
1880 | 16,713 | 57.8% | |
1890 | 21,883 | 30.9% | |
1900 | 30,346 | 38.7% | |
1910 | 38,136 | 25.7% | |
1920 | 43,464 | 14.0% | |
1930 | 66,079 | 52.0% | |
1940 | 78,084 | 18.2% | |
1950 | 106,525 | 36.4% | |
1960 | 134,393 | 26.2% | |
1970 | 133,386 | −0.7% | |
1980 | 177,857 | 33.3% | |
1990 | 187,106 | 5.2% | |
2000 | 201,568 | 7.7% | |
2010 | 205,764 | 2.1% | |
2020 | 200,603 | −2.5% | |
2022 (est.) | 196,986 | [7] | −1.8% |
U.S. Decennial Census[54] 2020 Census[6] |
2020 census
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000[55] | Pop 2010[56] | Pop 2020[57] | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH)
|
94,868 | 74,227 | 57,071 | 47.07% | 36.07% | 28.45% |
Black or African American alone (NH)
|
99,631 | 116,001 | 120,349 | 49.43% | 56.38% | 59.99% |
Alaska Native alone (NH)
|
468 | 449 | 322 | 0.23% | 0.22% | 0.16% |
Asian alone (NH) | 2,120 | 4,580 | 7,171 | 1.05% | 2.23% | 3.57% |
Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 66 | 79 | 105 | 0.03% | 0.04% | 0.05% |
Other race alone (NH) | 173 | 184 | 648 | 0.09% | 0.09% | 0.32% |
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 1,758 | 2,246 | 5,268 | 0.87% | 1.09% | 2.63% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 2,484 | 7,998 | 9,669 | 1.23% | 3.89% | 4.82% |
Total | 201,568 | 205,764 | 200,603 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 census, there were 200,603 people, 82,835 households, and 49,303 families residing in the city.[58] There were 93,920 housing units.
2010 census
As of the
The city population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 11.7% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 24.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.5 males. The median income for a household in the city was $41,380, and the median income for a family was $53,125. Males had a median income of $40,255 versus $33,552 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,139. About 18.2% of families and 21.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.8% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
Montgomery's central location in Alabama's Black Belt has long made it a processing hub for commodity crops such as cotton, peanuts, and soybeans. In 1840 Montgomery County led the state in cotton production,[59] and by 1911, the city processed 160,000–200,000 bales of cotton annually.[60] Montgomery has also had large metal fabrication and lumber production sectors.[60]
Due to its location along the Alabama River and extensive rail connections, Montgomery has been and continues to be a regional distribution hub for a wide range of industries. Since the late 20th century, it has diversified its economy, achieving increased employment in sectors such as healthcare, business, government, and manufacturing. Today, the city's Gross Metropolitan Product is $12.15 billion, representing 8.7% of the gross state product of Alabama.[61]
According to Bureau of Labor Statistics data from October 2008, the largest sectors of non-agricultural employment were: Government, 24.3%; Trade, Transportation, and Utilities, 17.3% (including 11.0% in retail trade); Professional and Business Services, 11.9%; Manufacturing, 10.9%; Education and Health Services, 10.0% (including 8.5% in Health Care & Social Assistance); Leisure and Hospitality, 9.2%; Financial Activities, 6.0%, Natural Resources, Mining and Construction, 5.1%; Information, 1.4%; and Other services 4.0%. Unemployment for the same period was 5.7%, 2.5% higher than October 2007.[62] The city also draws in workers from the surrounding area; Montgomery's daytime population rises 17.4% to 239,101.
Top employers
According to the city's 2022 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[63][64] the largest employers in the city are:
Number | Company/Organizations | Product/Service | Employees |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base | Military Base | 12,280 |
2 | State of Alabama | State Government | 10,315 |
3 | Montgomery Public Schools | Public Schools | 4,524 |
4 | Baptist Health | Hospitals/Clinics | 4,300 |
5 | Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama | Automobile Manufacturing | 3,530 |
6 | ALFA Companies | Insurance Companies | 2,568 |
7 | City of Montgomery | Local Government | 2,500 |
8 | Business & Enterprise Systems | Software Development | 1,350 |
9 | Jackson Hospital & Clinic, Inc. | Hospitals/Clinics | 1,300 |
10 | Koch Foods | Poultry Processing | 1,250 |
11 | MOBIS Alabama | Automobile Manufacturing | 1,010 |
12 | Baptist Medical Center South | Hospitals/Clinics | 980 |
13 | Rheem Water Heaters | Water Heater Manufacturing | 920 |
14 | UPS | Distribution/Logistics | 850 |
15 | Glovis Alabama, LLC | Warehousing and Logistics | 832 |
16 | Convergent Outsourcing, Inc. | Customer Contact Center | 736 |
17 | Montgomery County Commission | Local Government | 700 |
18 | Alabama Power Company | Utility | 660 |
19 | Auburn University at Montgomery | University | 576 |
20 | Glovis America | Logistics | 545 |
According to the Living Wage Calculator, the living wage for the city is US$19.73 per hour (or $41,038 per year) for an individual and $37.14 per hour ($77,251 per year) for a family of four.[65] These are slightly higher than the state averages of $20.15 per hour for an individual and $41.11 for a family of four.[66] US$7.25 per hour minimum wage in Alabama.[67]
Health care
Montgomery serves as a hub for healthcare in the central Alabama and
Law and government
Montgomery operates under a Mayor–council government system. The mayor and council members are elected to four-year terms. The current mayor is Steven Reed,[68] who was elected as the city's first African-American mayor in a runoff election which was held on October 8, 2019.[69] The city is served by a nine-member city council, elected from nine single-member districts of equal size population.
As the
At the federal level, Montgomery is part of Alabama's
Crime
Montgomery | |
---|---|
Crime rates* (2020) | |
Violent crimes | |
Larceny-theft | 1,773 |
Motor vehicle theft | 301 |
Arson | 0 |
Total property crime | 2,636 |
Notes *Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population. 2022 population: 196,986 Source: 2020 FBI UCR Data |
According to the
According to WSFA statistics in 2023, there were 38 homicides.[70]
Montgomery's violent crime rates compare unfavorably to other large cities in the state. In 2009, Montgomery's crime rates were favorable compared to other large Alabamian cities such as Huntsville, Mobile, and Birmingham. However, crime rose in the 2010s and early 2020s, leading to a record high of over 320 shooting victims and over 77 homicide victims in 2021.[71][72] In 2022 Montgomery's violent crime rate was 514 per 100,000, earning only a crime score rating of 9/100.[73] For property crimes, Montgomery's average is similar to Alabama's other large cities, but higher than the overall state and national averages.
Recreation
Montgomery has more than 1,600 acres of parkland, which are maintained and operated by the City of Montgomery Parks and Recreation Department. The department also operates 24 community centers, a skate park, two golf courses (Lagoon Park and Gateway Park), Cramton Bowl Stadium and Multiplex, two tennis centers (Lagoon Park and O'Conner), 65 playgrounds, 90 baseball/softball fields, 24 soccer fields including the Emory Folmar Soccer Facility, and one riverboat.[74]
Culture
Montgomery has one of the biggest arts scenes of any mid-sized city in America. The Winton M. Blount Cultural Park (named for Winton M. Blount) in east Montgomery is home to the Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts. The museum's permanent collections include American art and sculpture, Southern art, master prints from European masters, and collections of porcelain and glass works.[75] The Society of Arts and Crafts operates a co-op gallery for local artists.[76]
Montgomery Zoo holds more than 500 animals, from five continents, in 40 acres (0.16 km2) of barrier-free habitats.[77] The Hank Williams Museum contains one of the largest collections of Williams memorabilia in the world.[78] The Museum of Alabama serves as the official state history museum and is located in the Alabama Department of Archives and History building downtown.[79] This museum was renovated and expanded in 2013 in a $10 million project that includes technological upgrades and many new exhibits and displays. The W. A. Gayle Planetarium, operated by Troy University, is one of the largest in the southeast United States and offers tours of the night sky and shows about current topics in astronomy. The planetarium was upgraded to a full-dome digital projector in 2014.[80]
Blount Park also contains the
Numerous musical performers have roots in Montgomery: Toni Tennille of the duo The Captain and Tennille, jazz singer and pianist Nat King Cole, country singer Hank Williams,[85] blues singer Big Mama Thornton, Melvin Franklin of The Temptations, and guitarist Tommy Shaw of Styx.[86]
Author and artist
In addition to those notable earlier musicians, some of the rock bands from Montgomery have achieved national success since the late 20th century. Locals artists Trust Company were signed to Geffen Records in 2002. Hot Rod Circuit formed in Montgomery in 1997 under the name Antidote, but achieved success with Vagrant Records after moving to Connecticut.
Sports
Montgomery is home of the
The
Montgomery is also the site of sporting events hosted by the area's colleges and universities. The
Several successful professional athletes hail from Montgomery, including Pro Football Hall of Famer Bart Starr[94] and two-time Olympic gold medalist in track and field Alonzo Babers.[95]
Civic organizations
Montgomery has many active governmental and nonprofit civic organizations. City funded organizations include the Montgomery Clean City Commission (a Keep America Beautiful Affiliate) which works to promote cleanliness and environmental awareness. BONDS (Building Our Neighborhoods for Development and Success) which works to engage citizens about city/nonprofit programs, coordinates/assists neighborhood associations, and works to promote neighborhood and civic pride amongst Montgomery residents.
A number of organizations are focused on diversity relations and the city's rich
Education
Most of the city of Montgomery and Montgomery County are served by the
Maxwell Air Force Base is zoned to Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) schools for grades K-8.[97] The DoDEA operates Maxwell Air Force Base Elementary/Middle School.[101] For high school Maxwell AFB residents are zoned to Montgomery Public Schools facilities: residents of the main base are zoned to Carver High, while residents of the Gunner Annex are zoned to Dr. Percy L. Julian High School. Residents may attend magnet schools.[102]
Montgomery is home to 28 private schools,
The Montgomery City-County Public Library operates eleven public libraries in locations throughout the city and county.
The city is home to Alabama's oldest law library, the Supreme Court and State Law Library, founded in 1828. Located in the Heflin-Torbert Judicial Building, the Law Library owns a rare book collection containing works printed as early as 1605.
Montgomery has been the home of Alabama State University, a historically black university, since the Lincoln Normal University for Teachers relocated from Marion in 1887. Today, ASU is the second largest HBCU in Alabama enrolling nearly 5,000 students from 42 U.S. states and 7 countries.[104] The public Troy University maintains a 3,000 student population campus in downtown Montgomery that houses the Rosa Parks Library and Museum. Another public institution, Auburn University at Montgomery, with an enrollment of nearly 5,000 mostly from the Montgomery area, is in the eastern part of the city.[105] Montgomery's Baptist Medical Center South also hosts a branch of the University of Alabama at Birmingham medical school on its campus on the Eastern Boulevard.
Montgomery also is home to several private colleges: Faulkner University, which has an enrollment of 2,952 (fall 2023), is a Church of Christ-affiliated school which is home to the Thomas Goode Jones School of Law;[106] Huntingdon College, which has a current student population of approximately 1,100 and is affiliated with the United Methodist Church;[107] and Amridge University.
Several two-year colleges have campuses in Montgomery, including
Media
The morning newspaper, the Montgomery Advertiser, began publication as The Planter's Gazette in 1829. It is the principal newspaper of central Alabama and is affiliated with the Gannett. In 1970, then publisher Harold E. Martin won the Pulitzer Prize for special reporting while at the Advertiser. The Alabama Journal was a local afternoon paper from 1899 until April 16, 1993, when it published its last issue before merging with the morning Advertiser.
Montgomery is served by seven local television stations:
The Montgomery area is served by eight
NOAA Weather Radio station
Transportation
Two interstate highways run through Montgomery.
Montgomery Area Transit System (The M) provides public transportation with buses serving the city. The system has 32 buses providing an average of 4500 passenger trips daily.[113] The M's ridership has shown steady growth since the system was revamped in 2000; the system served over 1 million passenger trips in 2008.[114] Greyhound Lines operates a terminal in Montgomery for intercity bus travel in the downtown Intermodal Transit Facility.[115]
Passenger rail service to Montgomery was enhanced in 1898 with the opening of
According to the 2016 American Community Survey, 84.3% of working city of Montgomery residents commuted by driving alone, 8.8% carpooled, 0.4% used public transportation, and 0.6% walked. About 3.5% used all other forms of transportation, including taxicab, motorcycle, and bicycle. About 5.9% of working city of Montgomery residents worked at home.[119] Despite the high level of commuting by automobile, 8.5% of city of Montgomery households were without a car in 2015, which increased to 11% in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Montgomery averaged 1.62 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8 per household.[120]
Notable people
Sister city
Montgomery has one sister city:
- Pietrasanta, Lucca, Tuscany, Italy[121][122]
See also
- USS Montgomery, at least 2 ships
Notes
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
References
- ^ "City of Montgomery: Capital of Dreams Video". Montgomeryal.gov. Archived from the original on June 25, 2014. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
- ^ a b An act to incorporate the town of Montgomery in the county of Montgomery. Archived November 29, 2002, at the Wayback Machine Approved December 3, 1819. Alabama Legislative Acts. Annual Session, Oct – Dec 1819. Pages 110-112. Access Date: January 5, 2014.
- ^ "Municipalities of Alabama Incorporation Dates" (PDF). Alabama League of Municipalities. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 25, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
- ^ a b "2023 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
- ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Montgomery, Alabama
- ^ a b c "Explore Census Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
- ^ a b "City and Town Population Totals: 2020–2022". United States Census Bureau. March 4, 2024. Archived from the original on July 11, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
- ^ "Zip Code Lookup". USPS. Archived from the original on July 8, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ LewRockwell.com
- ^ Montgomery County, Alabama History, Montgomery County, Alabama, archived from the original on February 22, 2007, retrieved January 23, 2009
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Further reading
- L. P. Powell (editor), in Historic Towns of the Southern States, (New York, 1900)
- Jeffry C. Benton (editor) A Sense of Place, Montgomery's Architectural History ( )
- Uriah J, Fields. "The Montgomery Improvement Association." www.MIK-kpp01.stanford.edu. Web. January 17, 2013
- "Our Mission" Archived September 24, 2016, at the Wayback Machine . January 17, 2013
- Dunn M. John. "The Montgomery Bus Boycott." The Civil Right Movement. 1998. Book. January 18, 2013
- Hare, Ken. "Overview." Montgomery Advertiser. . 2012. Web. January 17, 2013
- "Browder V. Gayle." Core. www.Core-online.org/history/browdervgayle.htm. Web. January 21, 2013
- Burns, Stewart. "Montgomery Bus Boycott." Encyclopedia of Alabama. www.Encyclopediaofalabama.org. June, 9. 2008. Web. 21, Jan. 2013
- "Montgomery Improvement Association." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. January 16, 2013
External links
- Official website
- Montgomery article in the Encyclopedia of Alabama Archived January 23, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
- New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
.
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 784. .