Moorish Revival architecture

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National Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina
.

Moorish Revival or Neo-Moorish is one of the exotic revival architectural styles that were adopted by architects of Europe and the Americas in the wake of Romanticist Orientalism. It reached the height of its popularity after the mid-19th century, part of a widening vocabulary of articulated decorative ornament drawn from historical sources beyond familiar classical and Gothic modes. Neo-Moorish architecture drew on elements from classic Moorish architecture and, as a result, from the wider Islamic architecture.[1]

In Europe

Alupka Palace with a massive central exedra forming an open iwan-like vestibule
The Jama Masjid was the inspiration for Blore's design.[2]

The "

Alupka Palace in Crimea, a cultural setting that had already been penetrated by authentic Ottoman styles
.

By the mid-19th century, the style was adopted by the

Muslim Spain.[3] It has also been argued[by whom?] that Jewish communities adopted this architecture (which in Western eyes was seen as stereotypical of "Islamic" or "Oriental" culture more broadly) for more complex reasons; mainly, as an affirmation or reclamation of the Middle Eastern or Semitic roots of their history and thus as a way of setting themselves apart from the surrounding Western or Christian society.[3][4] This came at time when Jews were gaining more freedoms in some European societies and the construction of ostentatious synagogues was possible for the first time, thus provoking a search for a new distinct style of architecture. Historian John M. Efron of the University of California at Berkeley regards the popularity of Moorish revival architecture among builders of synagogues as a counterpoint to Edward Said's Orientalism, which criticizes European orientalism as inherently imperialist and racist, since the builders chose the style as an expression of admiration for the culture of the Muslim world.[5] As a consequence, Moorish Revival spread around the globe as a preferred style of synagogue architecture for a long period until the early 20th century.[4][3]

Gran Teatro Falla, Cádiz, Spain

In Spain, the country conceived as the place of origin of Moorish ornamentation, the interest in this sort of architecture fluctuated from province to province. The mainstream was called

Diario ABC office. A Spanish nobleman built the Palazzo Sammezzano
, one of Europe's largest and most elaborate Moorish Revival structures, in Tuscany between 1853 and 1889.

Lithography of the Moorish Castle, a theater built in Moorish Architecture. Location was Frederiksberg, Denmark

Although

Dulber palace in Koreiz, and the palace in Likani
exemplified the continuing development of the style.

In Hungary

Main article: hu:Neomór építészet Magyarországon

In the Balkans

Main article: Moorish Revival architecture in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Another exception was

Bosnian architecture. The central post office in Sarajevo, for example, follows distinct formal characteristics of design like clarity of form, symmetry, and proportion while the interior followed the same doctrine. The National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina
in Sarajevo is an example of Pseudo Moorish architectural language using decorations and pointed arches while still integrating other formal elements into the design.

Other notable example in the region is the building of the Regional historical museum in Kardzhali, Bulgaria build in the 1920s, combining also Central Asian styles.

Regional historical museum in Kardzhali in Bulgaria

In the United States

Yeshiva University, New York City

In the United States,

Jacksonville and Longwood in Natchez, Mississippi usually cited among the more prominent examples. After the American Civil War, Moorish or Turkish smoking rooms achieved some popularity. There were Moorish details in the interiors created for the Henry Osborne Havemeyer residence on Fifth Avenue by Louis Comfort Tiffany. The most thorough example of Moorish Revival architecture was Villa Zorayda in St. Augustine, Florida, built in 1883 by Franklin W. Smith as a winter home and showplace for the Boston businessman and architectural enthusiast. Today it is a museum, open for tourists. In 1893, The Great Saltair was built on the southern shores of The Great Salt Lake, adjacent to Salt Lake City. Under dozens of Moorish domes and lambrequin, polylobed, and keyhole arches, Saltair housed popular clubs, restaurants, bowling alleys, a hippodrome, rollercoaster, observation deck for the surrounding desert, and what was marketed as the largest dance hall in the world.[8] Like Iranistan before it, Saltair
was destroyed by fire in 1925 and again in 1970; the first of which, less than 30 years after opening.

The trend continued into the early 1900s, for example in the 1909

Tampa Bay Hotel, whose minarets and Moorish domes are now the pride of the University of Tampa, was a particularly extravagant example of the style. Other schools with Moorish Revival buildings include David H. Zysman Hall at Yeshiva University in New York City. George Washington Smith used the style in his design for the 1920s Isham Beach Estate in Santa Barbara, California.[9]

In India

Theaters

In the United States

Fox Theatre (Atlanta, Georgia)
The Alhambra Theatre (El Paso, Texas)
Theater City and State Architect Date
Alhambra Theatre El Paso, Texas Henry C. Trost 1914
Alhambra Theatre Evansville, Indiana Frank J. Schlotter 1913
Alhambra Theatre Birmingham, Alabama Graven & Maygar 1927
Alhambra Theatre Hopkinsville, Kentucky John Walker 1928
Alhambra Theatre
San Francisco, California
 Miller and Pflueger 1925
Altria Theater Richmond, Virginia Marcellus E. Wright Sr., Charles M. Robinson 1927
Bagdad Theatre Portland, Oregon Thomas & Mercier 1927
The Carpenter Center Richmond, Virginia John Eberson 1928
Civic Theatre Akron, Ohio John Eberson 1929
Corn Palace Mitchell, South Dakota Rapp and Rapp 1921
Emporia Granada Theatre Emporia, Kansas Boller Brothers 1929
Fox Theatre
Atlanta, Georgia
 Mayre, Alger & Vinour 1929
Fox Theatre North Platte, Nebraska Elmer F. Behrens 1929
Granada Theater The Dalles, Oregon William Cutts 1929
Irem Temple Wilkes-Barre, PA Olds, Fred & Puckey, Willard F. 1907
Keith's Flushing Theater
Queens, New York
 Thomas Lamb 1928
Olympia Theater
Miami, Florida
 John Eberson 1926
Liberty Theatre North Bend, Oregon Tourtellotte & Hummel 1924
Lincoln Theater
Los Angeles, California
 John Paxton Perrine 1927
Loew's 72nd Street Theatre New York City Thomas W. Lamb 1932 (dem.)
The Majestic Theatre
San Antonio, Texas
 John Eberson 1929
Mount Baker Theatre Bellingham, Washington Robert Reamer 1927
Murat Theatre at Old National Centre
Indianapolis, Indiana
 Oscar D. Bohlen 1910
Music Box Theatre
Chicago, Illinois
 Louis J. Simon 1929
New York City Center Manhattan, New York City Harry P. Knowles and Clinton & Russell 1922
Palace Theatre Canton, Ohio John Eberson 1926
Paramount Theater Abilene, Texas David S. Castle & Co. 1930
Plaza Theatre El Paso, Texas W. Scott Donne 1930
Saenger Theater Hattiesburg, Mississippi Emile Weil 1929
Shrine Auditorium
Los Angeles, California
 Lansburgh, Austin and Edelman 1926
Sooner Theatre Norman, Oklahoma Harold Gimeno 1929
Temple Theatre Meridian, Mississippi Emile Weil 1927
Tennessee Theatre Knoxville, Tennessee Graven & Mayger 1928
Tower Theatre
Los Angeles, California
 S. Charles Lee 1927
Village East Cinema
 Manhattan, New York City Harrison Wiseman; Willy Pogany (interior) 1926

Around the world

Theater Photo City and State Country Architect Date
Tbilisi Opera and Ballet Theatre
 Tbilisi Georgia Victor schröter 1851, rebuilt 1896
Bains Dunkerquois
Dunkerque
 France Louis Gilquin 1896
Odesa Philharmonic Theater Odesa Ukraine Alexander Bernardazzi 1898
State/Forum Theatre
Melbourne, Victoria
 Australia Bohringer, Taylor & Johnson 1929
Civic Theatre Auckland New Zealand Charles Bohringer and William T. Leighton 1929

Synagogues

See also: Category:Moorish Revival synagogues
Dohány Street Synagogue, Budapest, Hungary
New Synagogue, Berlin, Germany
Sofia Synagogue, Sofia, Bulgaria

Europe

United States

Cincinnati, Ohio
Central Synagogue in New York City

Latin America

Churches and cathedrals

Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Gibraltar
  • The Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Gibraltar (1825–1832) an early example of Moorish revival architecture is located in Gibraltar, which formed part of Moorish Al-Andalus between 711 and 1462 AD.
  • Immaculate Conception Church (New Orleans), (a.k.a. Jesuit Church) is a striking example of Moorish Revival Architecture. Across the street was the College of the Immaculate Conception, housing a chapel with two stained glass domes. The chapel was disassembled and about half of it (one of the stained glass domes, eleven of the windows) was installed in the present Jesuit High School.

Shrines and temples

Murat Shrine
, Indianapolis, Indiana
Tripoli Shrine Temple, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

The Shriners, a fraternal organization, often chose a Moorish Revival style for their Temples. Architecturally notable Shriners Temples include:

  • Acca Temple Shrine
    , Richmond, Virginia, currently Altria Theater, formerly 'The Landmark Theater' and 'The Mosque'
  • Algeria Shrine Temple, Helena, Montana
  • Almas Temple, Washington D.C.
  • El Zaribah Shrine Auditorium
    , Phoenix, Arizona
  • Jaffa Shrine Center, Altoona, Pennsylvania
  • Jerusalem Temple, New Orleans, Louisiana, built at 1137 St. Charles Avenue in 1918 by architect Emile Weil.
  • Medinah Temple, Chicago, Illinois now a Bloomingdale's.
  • Murat Shrine
    , Indianapolis, Indiana, the largest Shrine temple in North America, now officially known as Old National Centre.
  • New York City Center, now used as a concert hall
  • Shrine Auditorium
    , Los Angeles, California
  • Tripoli Shrine Temple, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
  • Zembo Mosque, a Masonic Temple in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
  • The
    Scottish Rite Temple in Santa Fe, New Mexico
    , while not a Shrine Temple, is a Masonic building that uses the Moorish Revival architectural style.
  • Karem Shrine Temple, Waco, Texas; now Hotel 1928

Other buildings

Gallery

See also: Neo-Mudéjar § Gallery

See also

Notes

  1. S2CID 99943973
    .
  2. ISBN 978-1-900289-73-3
    .
  3. ^ a b c "Why Moorish? Synagogues and the Moorish Revival". Museum at Eldridge Street. 2017-04-27. Retrieved 2019-11-17.
  4. ^
    S2CID 162229425 – via JSTOR
    .
  5. doi:10.1093/ahr/122.3.942
    .
  6. ISBN 9004128204
    .
  7. ISBN 0-471-25036-8
    .
  8. ^ Utah Division of State History (19 May 2016). "Saltair: A Photographic Exhibit". Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  9. ^ Gebhard, David. Santa Barbara Architecture, from Spanish Colonial to Modern. Capra Press. Santa Barbara. 1980. (later editions avail.) p. 109
  10. ^ "View, Temple of Israel, Wilmington, North Carolina", NC State University Libraries. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
  11. ^ "National Register". Archived from the original on 2012-08-03. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  12. ^ BJHI Author (December 5, 2013) "Young Israel Of Flatbush", Brooklyn Jewish Historical Initiative. Retrieved August 23, 2021.

Sources

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Moorish Revival architecture.
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