Morea Eyalet

Coordinates: 37°56′N 22°56′E / 37.933°N 22.933°E / 37.933; 22.933
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Eyālet-i Mōrâ
the Ottoman Empire
1661–1686
1715–1821
Flag of Eyalet of the Morea
Flag
Nauplia, Tripolitza
Area
 • Coordinates37°56′N 22°56′E / 37.933°N 22.933°E / 37.933; 22.933
History 
• 
Orlov Revolt
1770
1821 (De jure to 1829)
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Eyalet of the Archipelago
Kingdom of the Morea
Kingdom of the Morea
First Hellenic Republic

The Eyalet of the Morea (

romanized: Eyālet-i Mōrâ)[1] was a first-level province (eyalet) of the Ottoman Empire, centred on the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece
.

History

From the Ottoman conquest to the 17th century

The

Nauplion.[3][4]

Upon its conquest, the peninsula was made a sanjak of the Rumelia Eyalet, with its capital first at Corinth (Turk. Kordos or Gördes), later in Leontari (Londari), Mystras (Mezistre or Misistire) and finally in Nauplion (Tr. Anaboli).[5] Since the 16th century, Mystras formed a separate sanjak, usually attached to the Eyalet of the Archipelago rather than Rumelia.[6]

Creation of the eyalet, Venetian interlude and second Ottoman period

Sometime in the mid-17th century, as attested by the traveller Evliya Çelebi, the Morea became the centre of a separate eyalet, with Patras (Ballibadra) as its capital.[7] The Venetians occupied the entire peninsula during the successful Morean War (1684–1699), establishing the "Kingdom of the Morea" (It. Regno di Morea) to rule the country. Venetian rule lasted until the Ottoman reconquest in 1715.[8]

The Morea Eyalet was re-established, headed by the Mora

horsetails) and held the title of vizier. After 1780 and until the Greek War of Independence, the province was headed by a muhassil. The pasha of the Morea was aided by a number of subordinate officials, including a Christian translator (dragoman), who was the senior Christian official of the province.[9] The capital was first at Nauplia, but after 1786 at Tripolitza (Tr. Trabliçe).[5]

The Moreote Christians rose against the Ottomans with Russian aid during the so-called "

Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji, especially the right to trade under the Russian flag, led to a considerable economic flowering of the local Greeks, which, coupled with the increased cultural contacts with Western Europe (Modern Greek Enlightenment) and the inspiring ideals of the French Revolution, laid the groundwork for the Greek War of Independence.[9]

During the Greek War of Independence, most of the peninsula fell to the Greek rebels in 1821–1822, but

internal conflicts among the rebels and the arrival of Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt in 1825 almost extinguished the rebellion by 1826. The intervention of British, French and Russian naval troops in the Battle of Navarino forced the Ottoman and Egyptian troops to evacuate the Morea by 1 October 1828. Finally, Greece became independent from the Ottoman Empire with Treaty of Adrianople
.

Administrative divisions

According to Evliya, at the time of his visit the eyalet comprised the sanjaks of Misistire, Aya Maura (

Continental Greece.[7][10]

At the beginning of the 19th century, according to the French traveller François Pouqueville and the Austrian scholar Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, the eyalet comprised the following sanjaks:[7]

  • Mora, i.e. the pasha-sanjak around the capital, Tripolitza
  • Anavarin (Navarino)
  • Arkadya (Kyparissia)
  • Aynabahti
  • Ballibadra (Patras)
  • Gastuni (Gastouni)
  • Messalonghi (Missolonghi)
  • Kordos, but by the time of Pouqueville's visit with Anaboli as capital
  • Koron
  • Misistire
  • Moton (Modon)
  • Pirgos (Pyrgos)

Throughout both Ottoman periods, Morea was also divided into a number of smaller districts (

Hajji Khalifa: Kordos, Arhos (Argos), Anaboli, Firina, Ayapetri (Agios Petros), Ruya, Manya (de facto free of Ottoman control), Kalavrita (Kalavryta), Kartina (Karytaina), Londari, Andrusa (Androusa), Koron, Motun, Anavarin, Arkadya (Kyparissia), Fanar (Fanari), Holomiç (Chlemoutsi), Voştiçe (Aigio), Ballibadra/Balye Badre. In addition, Misistra, Menceşe (Monemvasia) and Kalamata belonged to the sanjak of Misistire/Mezistre.[4][11]

References

  1. ^ "Some Provinces of the Ottoman Empire". Geonames.de. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2013.
  2. ^ Kazhdan (1991), p. 1621
  3. ^ Bées & Savvides (1993), p. 239
  4. ^ a b c Zarinebaf, Bennet & Davis (2005), p. 21
  5. ^ a b c Bées & Savvides (1993), p. 238
  6. ^ Birken (1976), pp. 57, 106
  7. ^ a b c Birken (1976), pp. 57, 61–64
  8. ^ Bées & Savvides (1993), pp. 239–240
  9. ^ a b Bées & Savvides (1993), p. 240
  10. ^ Evliya Çelebi (2005), p. 49
  11. ^ Rumeli und Bosna, geographisch beschrieben, von Mustafa ben Abdalla Hadschi Chalfa. Aus dem Türkischen übersetzt von J. v. Hammer (in German). Vienna: Verlag des Kunst- und Industrie-Comptors. 1812. pp. 111–125.

Sources

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