Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2
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| Location (UCSC) | Chr 18: 47.81 – 47.93 Mb | Chr 18: 76.37 – 76.44 Mb | |||||||
| PubMed search | [3] | [4] | |||||||
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Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2, also known as SMAD family member 2 or SMAD2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD2 gene.[5][6] MAD homolog 2 belongs to the SMAD, a family of proteins similar to the gene products of the Drosophila gene 'mothers against decapentaplegic' (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways.
Function
SMAD2 mediates the signal of the
Like other Smads, Smad2 plays a role in the transmission of extracellular signals from ligands of the
Nomenclature
The SMAD proteins are homologs of both the drosophila protein, mothers against decapentaplegic (MAD) and the C. elegans protein SMA. The name is a combination of the two. During Drosophila research, it was found that a mutation in the gene MAD in the mother repressed the gene decapentaplegic in the embryo. The phrase "Mothers against" was added, since mothers often form organizations opposing various issues, e.g., Mothers Against Drunk Driving, or (MADD). The nomenclature for this protein is based on a tradition of such unusual naming within the gene research community.[8]
Interactions
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 has been shown to
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000175387 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024563 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- S2CID 531842.
- S2CID 10124489.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: SMAD2 SMAD family member 2".
- ^ "Sonic Hedgehog, DICER, and the Problem With Naming Genes", Sep 26, 2014, Michael White. psmag.com
- PMID 15144564.
- PMID 11387212.
- ^ S2CID 6907878.
- ^ PMID 11371641.
- PMID 9858566.
- PMID 9389648.
- PMID 10938097.
- S2CID 11927346.
- PMID 9092546.
- PMID 10890911.
- PMID 11804592.
- PMID 11160896.
- PMID 14691252.
- ^ PMID 19122240.
- PMID 12874272.
- PMID 10485843.
- PMID 11691834.
- PMID 10531062.
- PMID 9311995.
- S2CID 26825706.
- PMID 11016919.
- S2CID 23270947.
- PMID 11278756.
- PMID 10757800.
Further reading
- Wrana JL (1998). "TGF-beta receptors and signalling mechanisms". Mineral and Electrolyte Metabolism. 24 (2–3): 120–30. S2CID 84458561.
- Massagué J (1998). "TGF-beta signal transduction". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67: 753–91. PMID 9759503.
- Verschueren K, Huylebroeck D (2000). "Remarkable versatility of Smad proteins in the nucleus of transforming growth factor-beta activated cells". Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 10 (3–4): 187–99. PMID 10647776.
- Wrana JL, Attisano L (2000). "The Smad pathway". Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 11 (1–2): 5–13. PMID 10708948.
- Miyazono K (2000). "TGF-beta signaling by Smad proteins". Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 11 (1–2): 15–22. PMID 10708949.
- Zannis VI, Kan HY, Kritis A, Zanni E, Kardassis D (March 2001). "Transcriptional regulation of the human apolipoprotein genes". Front. Biosci. 6: D456–504. PMID 11229886.
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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.