Motif (visual arts)

Motifs in art across many cultures

In art and iconography, a motif (/moʊˈtiːf/ ^ⓘ) is an element of an image. The term can be used both of figurative and narrative art, and ornament and geometrical art. A motif may be repeated in a pattern or design, often many times, or may just occur once in a work.^[1]

A motif may be an element in the iconography of a particular subject or type of subject that is seen in other works, or may form the main subject, as the

Some examples

Geometric, typically repeated:

Figurative: Master of Animals, confronted animals, velificatio, Death and the Maiden, Three hares, Sheela na gig, puer mingens. In the Nativity of Jesus in art, the detail of showing Saint Joseph as asleep, which was common in medieval depictions, can be regarded as a "motif".

Many designs in Islamic culture are motifs, including those of the sun, moon, animals such as horses and lions, flowers, and landscapes. In kilim flatwoven carpets, motifs such as the hands-on-hips elibelinde are woven in to the design to express the hopes and concerns of the weavers: the elibelinde symbolises the female principle and fertility, including the desire for children.^[3]

Pennsylvania Dutch hex signs are a familiar type of motif in the eastern portions of the United States. Their circular and symmetric design, and their use of brightly colored patterns from nature, such as stars, compass roses, doves, hearts, tulips, leaves, and feathers have made them quite popular.^{[citation needed]}

The idea of a motif has become used more broadly in discussing

• 
  Composite capital whose design includes acanthus leaf, and volute motifs
• 
  Elibelinde kilim motifs, symbolising fertility
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  Saint Joseph sleeps through the Nativity, Cloisters Apocalypse, c. 1330
• 
  Pennsylvania Dutch motif known as a hex sign
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  Gebel el-Arak Knife with Master of Animals motif at the top of the handle
• 
  12th century

  Church, at Kilpeck

  (England)
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  Rosette designs from Meyer's Handbook of Ornament
• 
  Illustration from

  The Grammar of Ornament

  Egyptian No 7 (plate 10), image #20
• 
  Greek key tiles on a stove in a house from Bucharest (Romania)
• 
  A cartouche on a Neo-Baroque city-house from Bucharest
• 
  Art Nouveau mascaron above a door in Paris
• 
  A

  Roman, Baroque and Neoclassical
• 
  Paisley (design).
• 
  On a building in the Parque das Nações in Lisbon.
• 
  Illustration from The Grammar of Ornament (1856).
• 
  Motif in lace.
• 
  Persian

  motif in textile.
• 
  Motif of a plant, Taj Mahal

See also

• Three hares

Notes