Mount Waesche
Mount Waesche | |
---|---|
Highest point | |
Elevation | 3,292 m (10,801 ft)[1] |
Coordinates | 77°10′S 127°00′W / 77.167°S 127.000°W[1] |
Geography | |
Parent range | Executive Committee Range |
Geology | |
Mountain type | Shield volcano |
Volcanic field | Marie Byrd Land Volcanic Province |
Last eruption | Unknown[2] |
Mount Waesche is a mountain of volcanic origin at the southern end of the Executive Committee Range in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It is 3,292 metres (10,801 ft) high, and stands 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Mount Sidley, the highest volcano in Antarctica. The mountain lies southwest of the Chang Peak caldera and is largely covered with snow and glaciers, but there are rock exposures on the southern and southwestern slopes.
The volcano may have been active as late as the
Name and research history
It was discovered by the United States Antarctic Service expedition on a flight on December 15, 1940, and named for Vice Admiral Russell R. Waesche, United States Coast Guard, member of the Antarctic Service Executive Committee.[3] Field studies took place in 1999-2000 and 2018-2019.[4]
Geography and geomorphology
Mount Waesche lies in Marie Byrd Land, one of the most inaccessible areas of Antarctica. It is one of 18 volcanoes in that region, which were active from the Oligocene to recent times. The origin of volcanic activity there has been correlated to the activity of a mantle plume underneath the crust. The region also includes the highest volcano in Antarctica, Mount Sidley, which reaches 4,191 metres (13,750 ft) height.[5] There may be as many as 138 volcanoes buried underneath the ice.[6]
The volcano is 3,292 metres (10,801 ft) high.
Mount Waesche is largely covered with snow and features several alpine glaciers as well as a blue-ice area[a][12] within the West Antarctic Ice Sheet;[18] this blue-ice area has an extent of 8 by 10 kilometres (5.0 mi × 6.2 mi) and a number of tephra layers crop out from the ice. Most of these tephra layers come from Mount Waesche, but some originate at Mount Takahe and Mount Berlin[19] and their age ranges from 118,000 years to Holocene.[20] Two particularly conspicuous tephra layers from Mount Waesche are known as the "Great Wall" and "Yellow Wall".[21]
The volcano emerges through
Geology
Mount Waesche is part of the
The volcano erupted
Eruption history
The development of Mount Waesche began in the
The volcano was active during the Holocene[41] and may be a source of tephra found in ice cores.[42] A layer of volcanic ash was identified in the region through radar data and is about 8,000 years old; it probably originated at Mount Waesche.[43] The volcano today is considered to be "probably active" or "possibly active".[44] A magmatic system may exist 55 kilometres (34 mi) south of Mount Waesche at 25–40 kilometres (16–25 mi) depth below the ice.[45] Present-day seismic activity has been recorded at Mount Waesche, but it might be either volcanic/tectonic or caused by ice movement.[46] Future eruptions are unlikely to have any impact beyond the surroundings of the volcano.[47]
See also
Notes
- BP eruption of Mount Takahe[16] and some tephras have been attributed to Mount Berlin, about 300 kilometres (190 mi) away from Mount Waesche.[17] Volcanic bombs attributed to Mount Waesche are also found.[18]
References
- ^ a b c d e LeMasurier et al. 1990, p. 151.
- ^ a b c d e "Waesche". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ "Mount Waesche". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
- ^ Wilch, McIntosh & Panter 2021, p. 519.
- ^ a b Smellie et al. 1990, p. 353.
- PMID 29934507.
- ^ a b c d e f g h LeMasurier et al. 1990, p. 208.
- ^ a b c LeMasurier et al. 1990, p. 205.
- ^ Wilch, McIntosh & Panter 2021, p. 549.
- ^ a b c d e f Smellie et al. 1990, p. 354.
- ^ a b c Dunbar et al. 2021, p. 762.
- ^ a b c d e Ackert et al. 1999, p. 277.
- ^ a b c Paulsen & Wilson 2010, p. 409.
- ^ a b c Dunbar et al. 2021, p. 767.
- ^ LeMasurier et al. 1990, p. 204.
- Bibcode:2015AGUFM.V51F3107I.
- ISSN 0016-7606.
- ^ a b Dunbar et al. 2021, p. 760.
- ^ Dunbar et al. 2021, p. 770.
- ^ Dunbar et al. 2021, p. 776.
- ^ Dunbar et al. 2021, p. 772.
- ^ a b Ackert et al. 2013, p. 27.
- ^ Ackert et al. 1999, p. 276.
- .
- ^ Ackert et al. 2013, p. 30.
- ^ Ackert et al. 1999, p. 279.
- ^ a b Ackert et al. 2013, p. 32.
- ^ Wilch, McIntosh & Panter 2021, p. 550.
- ^ LeMasurier & Rex 1989, p. 7225.
- ^ LeMasurier & Rex 1989, p. 7227.
- ^ Lough et al. 2013, p. 1031.
- ^ Paulsen & Wilson 2010, p. 410.
- ISSN 0024-4937.
- ^ LeMasurier et al. 1990, p. 163.
- ^ LeMasurier et al. 1990, p. 233.
- ^ Wilch, McIntosh & Panter 2021, p. 522.
- S2CID 140169523.
- ^ LeMasurier et al. 1990, p. 193.
- ^ LeMasurier et al. 1990, p. 210.
- ^ Dunbar et al. 2021, p. 765.
- ^ LeMasurier et al. 1990, p. 5.
- ^ LeMasurier et al. 1990, p. 160.
- ^ Lough et al. 2013, p. 1033.
- ISSN 0016-7606.
- ^ Wilch, McIntosh & Panter 2021, p. 516.
- Bibcode:2012AGUFM.T41B2587L.
- ^ Dunbar et al. 2021, p. 781.
Sources
- Ackert, Robert P.; Barclay, David J.; Borns, Harold W.; Calkin, Parker E.; Kurz, Mark D.; Fastook, James L.; Steig, Eric J. (8 October 1999). "Measurements of Past Ice Sheet Elevations in Interior West Antarctica". Science. 286 (5438): 276–280. PMID 10514368.
- Ackert, Robert P.; Putnam, Aaron E.; Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy; Pollard, David; DeConto, Robert M.; Kurz, Mark D.; Borns, Harold W. (1 April 2013). "Controls on interior West Antarctic Ice Sheet Elevations: inferences from geologic constraints and ice sheet modeling". Quaternary Science Reviews. 65: 26–38. ISSN 0277-3791.
- Dunbar, N. W.; Iverson, N. A.; Smellie, J. L.; McIntosh, W. C.; Zimmerer, M. J.; Kyle, P. R. (2021). "Chapter 7.4 Active volcanoes in Marie Byrd Land". Geological Society, London, Memoirs. 55 (1): 759–783. S2CID 234820844.
- LeMasurier, W.E.; Thomson, J.W.; Baker, P.E.; Kyle, P.R.; Rowley, P.D.; Smellie, J.L.; Verwoerd, W.J., eds. (1990). Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans. Antarctic Research Series. Vol. 48. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union. ISBN 978-0-87590-172-5.
- LeMasurier, W. E.; Rex, D. C. (1989). "Evolution of linear volcanic ranges in Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 94 (B6): 7223–7236. ISSN 2156-2202.
- Lough, Amanda C.; Wiens, Douglas A.; Grace Barcheck, C.; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar; Aster, Richard C.; Blankenship, Donald D.; Huerta, Audrey D.; Nyblade, Andrew; Young, Duncan A.; Wilson, Terry J. (December 2013). "Seismic detection of an active subglacial magmatic complex in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica". Nature Geoscience. 6 (12): 1031–1035. ISSN 1752-0908.
- Paulsen, Timothy S.; Wilson, Terry J. (1 March 2010). "Evolution of Neogene volcanism and stress patterns in the glaciated West Antarctic Rift, Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica". Journal of the Geological Society. 167 (2): 401–416. S2CID 128710137.
- Smellie, J. L.; McIntosh, W. C.; Gamble, J. A.; Panter, K. T. (1990). "Preliminary stratigraphy of volcanoes in the Executive Committee Range, central Marie Byrd Land". Antarctic Science. 2 (4): 353–354. S2CID 131158262.
- Wilch, T. I.; McIntosh, W. C.; Panter, K. S. (2021-01-01). "Chapter 5.4a Marie Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land: volcanology". Geological Society, London, Memoirs. 55 (1): 515–576. S2CID 233632723.
Bibliography
- U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Mount Waesche
- "Skiing the Pacific Ring of Fire and Beyond". Amar Andalkar's Ski Mountaineering and Climbing Site. 2007 [1997]. Retrieved 14 January 2005.