Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
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| Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASSR of the Russian SFSR | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1921–1924 | |||||||||||||||||||
.png) Possible flag (reconstruction) | |||||||||||||||||||
Socialist republic | |||||||||||||||||||
| Historical era | Interwar period | ||||||||||||||||||
• Incorporation into RSFSR | 20 January 1921 | ||||||||||||||||||
• Annexation | 7 July 1924 | ||||||||||||||||||
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The Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (
Northern Caucasus
that existed from 20 January 1921, to 7 July 1924.
The Zyx
.
The ASSR did not exist in its original state very long. Already on 1 September 1921, Kabardin Okrug was split from the ASSR as separate
Kabardin Autonomous Oblast, subordinated directly to the RSFSR. Next came Karachay Okrug, which was transformed into Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast on 12 January 1922; Balkar Okrug, which was merged with Kabardin AO into Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Oblast on 16 January 1922; and Chechen Okrug, which was transformed into the Chechen Autonomous Oblast
on 30 November 1922.
By the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of 7 July 1924, the remaining territory of the ASSR was partitioned into the North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast and the Ingush Autonomous Oblast. The Sunzha Cossack Okrug and the city of Vladikavkaz were directly subordinated to the VTsIK until 17 October 1924, when North Caucasus Krai was formed and integrated all of the former ASSR in addition to those two units.
In the 19th century, the best land in the region was given to
Ukrainian military colonizers, while many natives were driven to the mountains. In 1920, the Soviet government decided to deport the Terek Cossacks and give their farms to the natives. A total of 34,637 individuals were deported to Vladikavkaz, Arkhangelsk and Donbas. Hundreds of families were later found to be supporters of the Soviet government. In January 1921, the forced resettlement of the Cossacks was stopped, and some families returned to occupy abandoned farms, but the densely-populated line of Tsarist-era military settlements was erased from the North Caucasus forever and the natives were free to occupy the fertile lands on the valley floors. In 1882, 24.7% of the Ingush lived in the mountains, but by 1924 only 2.1% did.[3]
During the
Kabarda expressed their discontent at having been made part of the republic and cited the absence of economic links between the Kabards and other Mountaineer peoples. From April to June 1921, Kabarda held a congress at which 140 delegates, only 28 of the Bolsheviks, had overwhelmingly voted not just to become an autonomous oblast, but to also demand autonomous republic status. Joseph Stalin had to talk the leader of the Kabards, Betal Kalmykov, out of applying for a full union republic status.[4]
References
- ^ Всероссийский Центральный исполнительный комитет. Декрет от 20 января 1921 г. «Об Автономной Горской Социалистической Советской Республике». (All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Decree of January 20, 1921 On the Autonomous Mountain Socialist Soviet Republic. ).
- ^ Даудов 2012, p. 32.
- ISBN 9781136938252.
- ISBN 9781136938252.
Bibliography
- Даудов, А. Х. (2012). "Государственное устройство Горской АССР" [The state structure of the Mountain ASSR]. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета (in Russian) (1). СПб.: Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет: 31–41. ISSN 1812-9323.)
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