Moyka

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Moyka
View of the Moyka from the Pevchesky Bridge
Native name	Мойка (Russian)
Location
Country	Russia
Federal city	Saint Petersburg
Physical characteristics
Source	Fontanka
• coordinates	59°56′30″N 30°20′16″E / 59.94167°N 30.33778°E / 59.94167; 30.33778
Mouth	Neva
• coordinates	59°55′35″N 30°16′25″E / 59.92639°N 30.27361°E / 59.92639; 30.27361
Length	4.67 km (2.90 mi)
Basin features
River system	Neva basin

The Moyka (

for "slush" or "mire", having its original source in former swamp. It is 5 kilometres (3 mi) long and 40 metres (130 ft) wide.

The river flows from the Fontanka river, which is itself a distributary of the Neva, near the Summer Garden past the Field of Mars, crosses Nevsky Prospect and the Kryukov Canal before entering the Neva river. It is also connected with the Neva by the Swan Canal and the Winter Canal.

In 1711, Peter the Great ordered the consolidation of the banks of the river. After the Kryukov Canal linked it with the Fontanka River four years later, the river became so much cleaner that its name was changed from Muya to "Moyka", the latter from the Russian verb "to wash". With the spread of cars and services for them in post-Soviet Russia, the Russian word Мойка has become a common sight unconnected to the river as it very often means (car)wash, which may confuse foreign tourists.

In 1736, the first Moyka quay was constructed in wood. Four bridges originally spanned the river: the Blue, the Green, the Yellow, and the Red. The 99-metre (325 ft)-wide Blue Bridge, now hardly visible underneath Saint Isaac's Square, remains the widest bridge in the whole city.^{[citation needed]}

Magnificent 18th-century edifices lining the Moyka quay include the

Bridges

As of 2016[update] 15 bridges cross the Moyka. Most of these have historical and artistic interest:

• Green Bridge (Zelyony most, 1806–08, by William Heste)
• Red Bridge (Krasny most, 1808–14, by William Heste)
• Potseluyev Bridge (Potseluyev most, 1808–16, by William Heste)
• Blue Bridge (Siny most, 1818, 1842–43, by William Heste and George Andreevich Adam [ru])
• Postoffice Bridge
  (Pochtamtsky most, 1823–24, by Wilhelm von Traitteur)
• Big Stables Bridge (Bolshoy Konyushenny most, 1828, by George Adam)
• Tripartite Bridge (Malo-Konyushenny most, 1829–31, by George Adam and Wilhelm von Traitteur)
• First Engineer Bridge (Pervy Inzhenerny most, 1824–25, by George Adam and Wilhelm von Traitteur)
• First Sadovy Bridge (Pervy Sadovy most, 1835–36, by Pierre Dominique Bazaine)
• Yellow Bridge
  (Pevchesky most, 1839–40, by George Adam)

v t e Water system of Ligovsky Canal
Legend
Dudergofskoye lake Dudergofka River 1718-1721 To Moskovskoye s. Three highways interchange Ring Road To Bronka Three highways interchange Dachnaya street Three highways interchange Diameter To sea port terminal To Predportovaya To Ulyanka, Ligovo To Predportovaya To Leninsky Prospekt To Predportovaya To Leninsky Prospekt To Konstitutsii square Leninsky Pr. To Leninsky Metro Krasnenkaya River To Konstitutsii square Avtovo Moscow Gate Square Moskovsky Avenue Tsarskoselskaya Railway Kubinskaya Street Obvodny Y. V. Aqueduct Aviatorov Pound Znamenskya Square Nevsky Prospect Ponds Fontanka Panteleymonovsky Aqueduct Fountains of the Summer Garden Ponds in Tauride Garden Steam pump Water inlet 1720s Neva Moyka

Riverside architectural objects

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You can help expand this section with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (March 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Russian article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 1,202 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at [[:ru:Набережная реки Мойки]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|ru|Набережная реки Мойки}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Flowing through the 18th- and 19th-century capital of the Russian Empire, the Moyka, similarly to other downtown rivers and streets got its sides decorated with Russian nobles' city palaces, mansions and gardens, historical churches, monuments, apartment buildings and hotels, public squares etc.

Source. Summer Garden, Saint Michael's Castle, Mikhailovsky Garden and the Field of Mars

The Moyka is a right-hand distributary of the Fontanka and starts its course immediately to the south of the Summer Garden, making the southern border of the garden Island and separating it from the reddish Saint Michael's Castle.

The Summer Garden

The Summer Garden, which during the Swedish possession of these lands until they were taken by Russia in 1703 in the

built here following Dutch examples he had seen and liked on his grand tour of Europe.

The Summer Garden and Palace, as well as the nearby Saint Michael's Castle and Garden, in post-Soviet Russia became branches of the national treasury of domestic art the Russian Museum and can be visited. The Summer Garden was mentioned by Alexander Pushkin both as his frequent place for pleasant walks, and as destination for childhood walks with a French governor of his classical for Russian literature novel in verse protagonist Eugene Onegin.

The garden's Moyka fence was designed by Ludwig Charlemagne.

Behind the fence there is a pond on which swans are released in warm season.

Saint Michael's Castle

Across the Moyka from the Summer Garden stands Saint Michael's Castle commissioned in late 18th century for himself by Emperor Paul I of Russia who had been born on this site when it was occupied by another Summer Palace - of his officially childless unmarried aunt Elisabeth I of Russia. Inspired by Western Europe models, the Castle was symbolic both of the Emperor's romantic chivalrous inclinations and his fear for his life. Interested in the high spirit of European knights, he gave shelter in Russia to the

).

His arbitrary domestic and international politics caused dissatisfaction among some of his courtiers who plotted against him, and he was assassinated in his Castle bedroom despite all his precautions: the Castle was surrounded by water on all four sides, drawbridges raised every night, yet the guard let conspirators pass as the latter included senior supervising officers.

After him the Castle was virtually neglected by the royal family of his eldest son and heir Alexander I of Russia and was used as a shared living space by some of the Imperial household until it was converted into a Military Engineering School whose cadets included the future writer Fyodor Dostoevsky. The cadets studied and lived in the building under Paul's third son, Alexander's successor Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, and the edifice became also known as Engineers' Castle.

Occupied then by various Soviet institutions like the Central Naval Library, now the Castle is part of Russian Museum,^[3] has been repaired and holds national exhibitions of art connected with history of Russia.

Next to the Castle, on the Fontanka over the water near the source of Moyka, stands a miniature statue Chizhik-Pyzhik of a little bird siskin across the river from the 19th-century Emperor's Law School, whose students' uniforms' colour matched the bird's colouration.

Mikhailovsky Garden and the Field of Mars

On the right bank of Moyka across the

.

After the

was placed in the middle. Many cultivars of

rallies

.

. The garden's western side with a decorative fence faces another waterway, a canal originally named after Catherine II who commissioned it, but after the 1917 revolution renamed in honour of the playwright Alexander Griboyedov. Next to the garden there stands a brightly coloured tall church of the Saviour on the Spilled Blood. This place of worship and now a museum was built in a traditional Russian style to mark the canalside spot on which Emperor Alexander II who had in 1861 abolished serfdom was on 1 March 1881, assassinated by terrorists from the Narodnaya Volya movement.

Church of the Saviour on Blood

is visible to the right of the picture.

Royal Stables and eponymous square

The Mikhailovsky Garden's western side is next to the Church of the Saviour on the Spilled Blood and a degree college named Higher School of Folk Arts^[4] (crafts), originally founded by Empress Alexandra, the wife of Russia's last Emperor, and facing a waterway that starts here off Moyka - Griboyedov Canal, across which westwards there is a square formed chiefly by two buildings of the former Royal Mews and named after them together with two adjoining streets Konyushennaya. The carriage house faces the square while the neoclassical stable also runs along the Moyka.

National Museum of Alexander Pushkin and his memorial last apartment at 12 Moyka Embankment

Printing Museum at the former Lenin's typography

Palace Square and the State Choir Capella

Stroganov Palace

Alexander Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University main campus

The 18th-century estate of Count Razumovsky with its palace and outbuildings was converted towards the end of the century into a royal charity - an orphanage that for the first time in national history gave shelter to children born out of wedlock, whose mothers could anonymously leave them in a basket supervised by the gatekeeper. They were nurtured and given general and vocational training and, if born to serfs, were set free from submission to landlords of their parents. Its mascot was the pelican, once believed to sacrifice itself nursing its young.

The bird is now on the crest of the city's large teacher-training university located in the former estate. Giving multilevel higher education at its colleges (faculties and institutes) grouped by school subjects and administrative spheres, in the 1990s it was recognised as having national importance. Named in the Soviet times after the 19th-century Russian liberal thinker and writer Alexander Herzen. The main campus has about 20 buildings occupying a large city block, while some colleges of the university are scattered around the city.

• 48 Moyka Embankment: Razumovsky Palace - Royal Orphanage - Russian State Pedagogical University
• 
• 
• 
• 

Red Bridge trade centre

Saint Isaac's Square

• Saint Isaac's Square
• 
  Saint Isaac of Dalmatia's Cathedral and horseback monument to Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, Astoria Hotel on the right
• 
  View from the Cathedral towards

  Saint Petersburg Legislative Assembly

Count Yusupovs' Moika Palace

The Central Naval Museum

New Holland island

Musin-Pushkin House on the Moyka River

See also

• List of bridges in Saint Petersburg
• Fontanka
• Griboyedov Canal
• Kryukov Canal

References

• Media related to Moika River at Wikimedia Commons
• Канн П. Я. Прогулки по Петербургу: Вдоль Мойки, Фонтанки, Садовой. St. Petersburg, 1994.

59°55′36″N 30°16′34″E / 59.92667°N 30.27611°E / 59.92667; 30.27611