Mr. Tambourine Man
"Mr. Tambourine Man" | |
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Tom Wilson | |
Audio sample | |
"Mr. Tambourine Man" is a song written by Bob Dylan, released as the first track of the acoustic side of his March 1965 album Bringing It All Back Home. The song's popularity led to Dylan recording it live many times, and it has been included in multiple compilation albums. It has been translated into other languages and has been used or referenced in television shows, films, and books.
The song has been performed and recorded by many artists, including
Dylan's song has four verses, of which the Byrds only used the second for their recording. Dylan's and the Byrds' versions have appeared on various lists ranking the greatest songs of all time, including an appearance by both on
The song has a bright, expansive melody and has become famous for its surrealistic imagery, influenced by artists as diverse as French poet
Composition
"Mr. Tambourine Man" was written and composed in early 1964, at the same approximate time as "Chimes of Freedom", which Dylan recorded later that spring for his album Another Side of Bob Dylan.[2][3] Dylan began writing and composing "Mr. Tambourine Man" in February 1964, after attending Mardi Gras in New Orleans during a cross-country road trip with several friends, and completed it sometime between the middle of March and late April of that year after he had returned to New York.[2] Nigel Williamson has suggested in The Rough Guide to Bob Dylan that the influence of Mardi Gras can be heard in the swirling and fanciful imagery of the song's lyrics.[4] Journalist Al Aronowitz has stated that Dylan completed the song at his home, but folk singer Judy Collins, who later recorded the song, has stated that Dylan completed the song at her home.[2] Dylan premiered the song the following month at a May 17 concert at London's Royal Festival Hall.[2]
Recording
During the sessions for
In his book Keys to the Rain: The Definitive Bob Dylan Encyclopedia, Oliver Trager describes "Mr. Tambourine Man" as having a bright, expansive melody,
- Hey! Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me,
- I'm not sleepy and there is no place I'm going to.
- Hey! Mr. Tambourine Man, play a song for me,
- In the jingle-jangle morning I'll come following you.[13]
Interpretations
William Ruhlmann, writing for the AllMusic web site, has suggested the following outline of the song's lyrics: "The time seems to be early morning following a night when the narrator has not slept. Still unable to sleep, though amazed by his weariness, he is available and open to Mr. Tambourine Man's song, and says he will follow him. In the course of four verses studded with internal rhymes, he expounds on this situation, his meaning often heavily embroidered with imagery, though the desire to be freed by the tambourine man's song remains clear."[14]
While there has been speculation that the song is about drugs, particularly with lines such as "take me on a trip upon your magic swirling ship" and "the smoke rings of my mind",
Dylan has cited the influence of Federico Fellini's movie La Strada on the song,[10][20] while other commentators have found echoes of the poetry of Arthur Rimbaud.[2][21][22] Author Howard Sounes has identified the lyrics "in the jingle jangle morning I'll come following you" as having been taken from a Lord Buckley recording.[20] Bruce Langhorne, who performs guitar on the track, has been cited by Dylan as the inspiration for the tambourine man image in the song.[10] Langhorne used to play a giant, four-inch-deep "tambourine" (actually a Turkish frame drum), and had brought the instrument to a previous Dylan recording session.[2][11][23][24]
Other Dylan releases
The Bringing it All Back Home version of "Mr. Tambourine Man" was included on
The song has been in Dylan's live concert repertoire since it was written,[10] usually as a solo acoustic song, and live performances have appeared on various concert albums and DVDs. An early performance, perhaps the song's live debut, recorded at London's Royal Festival Hall on May 17, 1964, appeared on Live 1962-1966: Rare Performances From The Copyright Collections, while another early performance, recorded during a songs workshop at the Newport Folk Festival on July 24, 1964, was included in both
A live version from Dylan's famous May 17, 1966, concert in
In November 2016, all Dylan's recorded live performances of the song from 1966 were released in the boxed set The 1966 Live Recordings, with the May 26, 1966, performance released separately on the album The Real Royal Albert Hall 1966 Concert.
The Byrds' version
"Mr. Tambourine Man" | ||||
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Single by the Byrds | ||||
from the album Mr. Tambourine Man | ||||
B-side | "I Knew I'd Want You" | |||
Released | April 12, 1965 | |||
Recorded | January 20, 1965 | |||
Studio | Columbia, Hollywood | |||
Genre | Folk rock, jangle pop[35] | |||
Length | 2:18 | |||
Label | Columbia | |||
Songwriter(s) | Bob Dylan | |||
Producer(s) | Terry Melcher | |||
The Byrds singles chronology | ||||
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Audio sample | ||||
Release
"Mr. Tambourine Man" was the debut single by the American band the Byrds and was released less then a month after Dylan's original on April 12, 1965, by Columbia Records.[36] The song was also the title track of the band's debut album, which was released on June 21, 1965.[37] The Byrds' version is abridged and in a different key from Dylan's original.
The single's success initiated the folk rock boom of 1965 and 1966, with a number of American and British acts imitating the band's hybrid of a rock beat, jangly guitar playing, and poetic or socially conscious lyrics.[14][38] The single was the "first folk rock smash hit",[39][40] and gave rise to the term "folk rock" in the U.S music press to describe the band's sound.[41][42]
This hybrid had its antecedents in the
Conception
Most of the members of the Byrds had a background in folk music,
In early 1964, McGuinn, Clark, and Crosby formed the Jet Set and started developing a fusion of folk-based lyrics and melodies, with
4 time, they began rehearsing and demoing it.[57][58][59] In an attempt to make it sound more like the Beatles, the band and Dickson elected to give the song a full, electric rock band treatment, effectively creating the musical subgenre of folk rock.[40][56][58] To further bolster the group's confidence in the song, Dickson invited Dylan to a band rehearsal at World Pacific Studios to hear their rendition.[60][57] Dylan was impressed, enthusiastically commenting, "Wow, you can dance to that!" His endorsement erased any lingering doubts the band had about the song.[60]
During this period, drummer Michael Clarke and bass player Chris Hillman joined,[50] and the band changed their name to the Byrds over Thanksgiving 1964.[56] Band biographer Johnny Rogan has remarked that the two surviving demos of "Mr. Tambourine Man" dating from this period feature an incongruous marching band drum part from Clarke, but overall the arrangement is very close to the later single version.[61][62]
Production
The master take of "Mr. Tambourine Man" was recorded on January 20, 1965, at Columbia Studios in Hollywood, prior to the release of Dylan's own version.
The Byrds' recording of the song opens with a distinctive,
Reception
The single reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100, and number 1 on the UK Singles Chart, making it the first recording of a Dylan song to reach number 1 on any pop music chart.[70][71][72] In 2009, the band's bassist Chris Hillman gave Bob Eubanks, a DJ on KRLA and later the host of The Newlywed Game, credit for originally breaking the song on the radio in L.A.[73]
Upon release, Record World picked it as its "Sleeper of the Week" and called it a "funky and slow treatment of the Bob Dylan tune that has a lot to say. Moody and different treatment from a group going places."[74] Band biographer Christopher Hjort has remarked that it is surprising that neither Billboard or Cashbox magazines reviewed the single, considering the efforts Columbia put into promoting the record.[75] In the UK, Record Mirror described the single as, "A Bob Dylan song of uncommon charm. Group is American, folksy and five-strong. Busy mandolin-style [sic] backing. Song is the big selling point, for sure."[76] In his review for Music Echo, critic Brian Harvey described it as "a folksy, guitar twangy, medium tempo swinger. It's a busy number with lots of echo. Lead voice tells the story and has vocal group backing in the attractive chorus. The melody sticks even after one play."[76]
Critic William Ruhlmann has argued that in the wake of "Mr. Tambourine Man", the influence of the Byrds could be heard in recordings by a number of other Los Angeles-based acts, including
As the 1960s came to a close, folk rock changed and evolved away from the jangly template pioneered by the Byrds,[38] but, Unterberger argues, the band's influence could still be heard in the music of Fairport Convention.[82] Since the 1960s, the Byrds' jangly, folk rock sound has continued to influence popular music, with authors such as Chris Smith, Johnny Rogan, and Mark Deming, noting the band's influence on various acts including Big Star, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, R.E.M., the Long Ryders, the Smiths, the Bangles, the Stone Roses, Teenage Fanclub, and the La's.[83][84][85]
In addition to appearing on the Byrds' debut album, "Mr. Tambourine Man" is included on several Byrds' compilation and live albums, including
Charts
Weekly charts
|
Year-end charts
|
Certifications
Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom (BPI)[98] Bob Dylan version |
Silver | 200,000‡ |
United Kingdom (BPI)[99] The Byrds version |
Silver | 200,000‡ |
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |
Other recordings
"Mr. Tambourine Man" has been performed and recorded by many artists and in different languages over the years, including at least thirteen versions recorded in 1965 alone.
A reunited line-up of the Byrds, featuring Roger McGuinn, Chris Hillman, and David Crosby, performed "Mr. Tambourine Man" with Dylan at a Roy Orbison tribute concert on February 24, 1990. This live performance of the song was included on the 1990 box set The Byrds.[105] At the October 1992 Bob Dylan 30th anniversary tribute concert at Madison Square Garden, McGuinn performed the song, backed by Tom Petty, Mike Campbell, and Benmont Tench, among others.[10][106]
In creative works
"Mr. Tambourine Man" has been referenced in books and film, including Tom Wolfe's non-fiction novel The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test,[107] Stephen King's novel Carrie,[108] the film Dangerous Minds,[109][110][111] and the documentary film Gonzo: The Life and Work of Dr. Hunter S. Thompson. The subject of the latter film, journalist Hunter S. Thompson, had "Mr. Tambourine Man" played at his funeral and dedicated his novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas to Dylan and the song.[112] Ann Hui's 1990 film Song of the Exile begins with Maggie Cheung riding a bicycle through the streets of London while a street performer plays the song.[113] The 2013 John Craigie song, "I Wrote Mr. Tambourine Man", is about a person that Craigie met in New Orleans who claimed to have written the original lyrics to "Mr. Tambourine Man".[114]
Legacy
The Byrds' version of "Mr. Tambourine Man" was listed as the number 79 song on
In 1989 Rolling Stone ranked the Byrds' version of "Mr. Tambourine Man" as the number 86 single of the prior 25 years.
In a 2005 readers' poll reported in Mojo, Dylan's version of "Mr. Tambourine Man" was listed as the number four all-time greatest Bob Dylan song, and a similar poll of artists ranked the song number 14.[124] In 2002, Uncut listed it as the number 15 all-time Dylan song.[125]
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{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - Williams, Paul (1990), Bob Dylan Performing Artist: The Early Years 1960–1973, Underwood-Miller, ISBN 0-88733-131-9
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External links