Mu'in al-Din Parwana

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"Pervane" redirects here. For the title, see Parwana (title).
Muʿīn al-Dīn Sulaymān Parwāna
  • Emīr ḥādjib
  • Parwāna
Died(1277-08-02)August 2, 1277[1]
ReligionIslam

Muʿīn al-Dīn Sulaymān Parwāna (

Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm, the Mongol Ilkhanate and the Mamluks under Baybars
.

Façade of Gök Medrese in Tokat, founded by the Parwāna c. 1270.

Biography

Mu'in al-Din Suleiman was the son of Muhadhdhab al-Din Ali al-Daylami, a

Bayju's recommendation, as chamberlain to the Konya palace of Seljuks sultan of Rûm, then vassals of the Mongols. He married Kaykhusraw's widow Gurju Khatun and became the undisputed master of the declining state, making a name as a great intriguer. His title parwana means "personal aide of the sultan"[4]

After Kaykhusraw’s death and the ensuing dispute among his sons for the throne, the Parwana supported

iqta. His growing power made him worry that the sultan Kilij Arslan IV might want to eliminate him and he took the initiative by having the sultan strangled in Aksaray in 1265. The throne was succeeded by Kilij Arslan IV's minor son Kaykhusraw III
(1265–1283).

During the Mamluk-Ilkhanid War and especially after the Mamluk hand had strengthened under Baybars, Parwana's policy was characterized by multiple allegiances, all at the same time wishing to keep all his options open. According to

Harput and Niğde
, to the fore.

In 1277, Baybars entered the Seljuk sultanate and on 18 March, overcame the Mongol army in Elbistan, while Parwana, who was in command of the Seljuk contingent expected by both Baybars and the Mongols, took flight to Tokat along with the young sultan. Baybars made a triumphal entry into Kayseri on 23 April and then returned to Syria. At the news of his troops' defeat, Abaqa hastened to Anatolia (July 1277) and sternly punished the Seljuk Turks, sources citing massacres of tens of thousands of people. Deeming him responsible for Baybars's foray into Anatolia, Abaqa also had Parwana killed on 2 August 1277.

The story that the Abaqa forced his subjects to eat the flesh of the Parwana has its origin in Armenian history of Hetoum.[5]

His son Mehmed Bey took over the family possessions around Sinop and pursued a prudent policy of allegiance to the Mongols, which was also pursued under his son Mesud Bey's period as Bey. Mesud Bey was kidnapped by the Genoese in 1298 and was held for a heavy ransom. The last representative of the Parwana's line was probably the Gazi Chelebi, a notable pirate who ruled Sinop in the first decades of the 14th century.[citation needed]

Monuments

Pervâne Medrese. Watercolour by Jules Laurens
.

Several foundations of the Parwana survive. In Sinop the

Gök Medrese in 1277. Founded as a hospital and medical school, the building now houses a museum. A nearby Seljuq style hamam is attributed to him although no inscription survives. There is another mosque of the Parwana in Merzifon
.

Recently the archaeological remains of a medrese founded by the Parwana came to light within the compound of the closed bazaar of Kayseri. The medrese was partially excavated in 2002.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ Hillenbrand 1993.
  2. ISBN 90-04-09738-4
    . Muin* al-Din Sulayman Parwana: de facto ruler of the Saljuq state of Rum in Anatolia during most of the Mongol Protectorate; d. 1277. Of Persian stock, he attempted to maintain stability both amongst the Turkish emirs and between them and the ever-increasing number of Mongols resident on Anatolian soil. He is said to have enjoyed a close relationship with Jalal al-Din Rumi.
  3. ^ E. J. Brill's First Encyclopedia of Islam, p. 704 Google Books
  4. ^ Bosworth 1996, p. 230.
  5. ISBN 0-415-29750-8
    .
  6. ^ Anthony Bryer and David Winfield, The Byzantine Monuments and Topography of the Pontos, vol. 1, (Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1985) 75.
  7. ^ Bryer and Winfield, Byzantine Monuments, p. 72
  8. ^ Seda Çalışır Hovardaoğlu. "Pervâne Bey Medresesi olarak adlandırılan yapının ve Kayseri Kapalıçarşısı'nın korunması yönünde alınan kararlar ve değerlendirilmesi" [The decisions taken for the protection of Kayseri closed bazaar and Pervâne Bey Medrese] (PDF). Erciyes University (in Turkish).

Bibliography

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mu%27in_al-Din_Parwana&oldid=1194573259"