Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal

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Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal
محمد حاجي إبراهيم عقال
Muhammad Ali Samatar
Prime Minister of the State of Somaliland
In office
June 26, 1960 – July 1, 1960
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byOffice abolished
Personal details
Born(1928-08-15)August 15, 1928
Edna Adan
(2) Asha Saeed Aabi
(3) Hawa Ainab
(4) Kaltum Haji Dahir
Alma materSOS Sheikh Secondary School
Signature
This article is part of a series about
Ibrahim Egal

President of Somaliland

1993-2002

Government

Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal (

Somali politician who served as the President of Somaliland from 1993 to his death in 2002. He previously served as the prime minister of the State of Somaliland between 26 June and 1 July 1960 and as the first prime minister of the Somali Republic for eleven days in 1960 and again from 1967 to 1969.[3]

Life and education

Egal was born in 1928, in

Issa Musse sub-division of the Habar Awal clan of Isaaq
.

He completed his primary, intermediate, and secondary education in former British Somaliland and then moved to the United Kingdom. Egal was married to Asha Saeed Abby, and together they had three sons and two daughters.

Career

Somali flag at the occasion of Somaliland's independence
ceremony on 26 June 1960

Prime Minister of the State of Somaliland

On 26 June 1960, Egal was Prime minister of the newly independent State of Somaliland, which merged five days later with the former Trust Territory of Somalia to form the Somali Republic on July 1, 1960.

Government work

He served as the first Somali Republic's defence minister (1960–1962), Education Minister (1962–1963), Prime minister (1967–1969), and ambassador to India (1976–1978), although he was imprisoned twice under Barre dictatorship.

Prime Minister of the Somali Republic

In 1967,

Abdirashid Ali Shermarke was elected President and he appointed Egal as the Prime Minister.[4]

He was still the prime minister and in Washington, D.C., when President

Abdirashid Ali Shermarke was assassinated on October 15, 1969. Shortly afterward, the newly established Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) led by Major General Siad Barre, Brigadier General Mohamed Ainashe Gule, Lieutenant Colonel Salaad Gabeyre Kediye and Chief of Police Jama Korshel seized power.[5] The SRC subsequently renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic,[6][7] arrested members of the former civilian government, banned political parties,[8] dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Court, and suspended the constitution.[9]
Egal was among the politicians detained by the SRC for his prominent role in the nation's early government. He was eventually released and was named the Ambassador to India (1976-1978) before the Barre regime imprisoned him again on charges of conspiracy until 1985.

President of Somaliland

Egal managed to successfully disarm and rehabilitate rebel groups, stabilised the north western region and Economy of Somaliland, successfully managed to establish bilateral trade with foreign countries, introduce Somaliland new currency the Somaliland shilling, as well as the Somaliland passport and Somaliland national flag and creating the most successful and powerful armed police and military force in Somalia.

Throughout his term as president of the Republic of

motion tabled by several regional MPs charging him of half-heartedly pursuing separatism.[10]
In an interview with IRIN the same year, SNM leader Abdirahman Awale also said of Egal that "when he says he is for independence, it is for local consumption only. He tells the people here one thing, but in his speeches elsewhere he has clearly declared that Somalia will unite one day. He says we will talk to the southerners when they make their home clean and

negotiate with them... He says one thing to the public, and a different thing to the international community."[11]

Death

Egal died on May 3, 2002, in

Dahir Rayale Kahin was sworn in the next day as the new president.[12]

References

  1. ISBN 9780773591028
    – via Google Books.
  2. ISBN 9781135771218
    – via Google Books.
  3. ^ "Somaliland's Quest for International Recognition and the HBM-SSC Factor". Archived from the original on May 28, 2012.
  4. ^ Greenfield, Richard (May 8, 2002). "Obituary: Mohamed Ibrahim Egal". The Independent.
  5. ^ Adam, p.226
  6. ^ J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver, The Cambridge history of Africa, Volume 8, (Cambridge University Press: 1985), p.478.
  7. ^ The Encyclopedia Americana: complete in thirty volumes. Skin to Sumac, Volume 25, (Grolier: 1995), p.214.
  8. ^ Metz, Helen C., ed. (1992), "Coup d'Etat", Somalia: A Country Study, Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress.
  9. ^ Peter John de la Fosse Wiles, The New Communist Third World: an essay in political economy, (Taylor & Francis: 1982), p.279.
  10. ^ Africa Research Ltd (2006). Africa contemporary record: annual survey and documents, Volume 28. Africana Publishing Co. pp. B–525.
  11. ^ "Somalia: IRIN interview with Somali National Movement (SNM)". IRIN. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
  12. ^ "Somaliland leader buried". BBC News. May 6, 2002.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal.
Political offices
New title
Prime Minister of the State of Somaliland

1960 		Somaliland merged with Somalia
New title
Prime Minister of Somalia

1960 		Succeeded by
Abdirashid Ali Shermarke
Preceded by
Prime Minister of Somalia

1967 – 1969 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
President of Somaliland

1993 – 2002 		Succeeded by
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