Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
José Bustamante y Rivero | |
---|---|
Succeeded by | Manfred Lachs |
Personal details | |
Born | |
Died | 1 September 1985 Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan | (aged 92)
Political party | All-India Muslim League (Before 1947) Muslim League (1947–1958) |
Alma mater | Government College University, Lahore King's College London |
Sir
Khan became one of the most vocal proponents of Pakistan and led the case for the separate nation in the
During his time at the UN, he also represented the
Family and early life
Family
Chaudhry Zafarullah Khan was born on 6 February 1893 in the City of Sialkot in
Khan's mother, Hussain Bibi, belonged to a well to do Zamindar family hailing from the
Education
He studied at
Career
Muhammad Zafarullah Khan practiced law in Colonial India. He was the counsel for the Ahmadiyya cause in two landmark judgements.[14] In 1916, the Patna High Court gave a verdict on the case Hakim Khalil Ahmad Vs. Malik Israfil which gave Ahmadis the right to use religious places of Islam for prayers.[15][16] In 1922, the Madras High Court acknowledged Ahmadiyya as being a part of Islam in its verdict on the case Narantakath Avullah v. Parakkal Mammu.[17]
Zafarullah was elected a member of the Punjab Legislative Council in 1926 and presided at the Delhi meeting of the All-India Muslim League in 1931, where he advocated the cause of the Indian Muslims through his presidential address. He participated at the Round Table Conferences held from 1930 to 1932 and became the Minister of Railways in May 1935. In 1939, he represented India at the League of Nations. He was appointed the Agent General of India in China in 1942 and represented India as the Indian Government's nominee at the Commonwealth Relations Conference in 1945, where he spoke on India's cause for freedom.
From 1935 to 1941, he was a member of the Executive Council of the
Lord Linlithgow, however, had not a complete grasp of contents in the analytic note prepared by Sir Zafarullah Khan at the time it was sent to the Secretary of India.[22] A copy of this note was sent to Jinnah. Sir Zafarullah Khan's proposal of a two-state solution for the Indian Federation was adopted by the Muslim League with a view to give it full publicity in the forthcoming session at Lahore 22–24 March.
In September 1941, Zafarullah Khan was appointed a Judge of the
In October 1947, Zafarullah Khan represented Pakistan at the
As Foreign Minister, he represented Pakistan at the
In 1954, he became a Judge at the
In 1982, the first ever Provisional World Parliament (PWP) met in Brighton, U.K. at the Royal Pavilion was presided over by him.[26][27]
Religion
As an Ahmadi, Zafarullah Khan held the office of Ameer (president) of the
As Pakistan's first
It is a matter of great sorrow that, mainly through mistaken notions of zeal, the Muslims have during the period of decline earned for themselves an unenviable reputation for intolerance. But that is not the fault of Islam. Islam has from the beginning proclaimed and inculcated the widest tolerance. For instance, so far as freedom of conscience is concerned the Quran says "There shall be no compulsion" of faith ...
— Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, addressing the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, c. 1949[28]
In March 1958, Zafarullah Khan performed Umrah and, at the same time, visited the shrine of Muhammad in Medina, Saudi Arabia. During his visit, he met with the King of Saudi Arabia Saud of Saudi Arabia, and stayed at the Royal Palace as a personal guest of the King.[citation needed] In 1967, he returned to Saudi Arabia to perform Hajj, a religious duty that must be carried out at least once in a lifetime by every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so.
Legacy
Khan's legacy has been hailed and his paramount role in the creation of Pakistan has been celebrated in the history of Pakistan. He is popularly known by his title Sir Zafarullah Khan, and openly acknowledged that he belonged to the Ahmadiyya Community. He was selected by Muhammad Ali Jinnah as the first Foreign Minister of Pakistan. He was one of the most influential, skilled, and passionate diplomats of his time.
In a personal tribute, King Hussein bin Tallal of Jordan said:
"He was indeed a champion of the Arab cause and his ceaseless efforts whether among the Muslim and non-aligned countries or at the International Court of Justice will remain forever a shining example of a great man truly dedicated to our faith and civilization."
— Review of Religions, September/October 1986, pg. 6
Muhammad Fadhel al-Jamali, a former Prime Minister of Iraq, in a tribute on his death, wrote:
"In fact, it was not possible for any Arab, however capable and competent he may be, to serve the cause of Palestine in a manner in which this distinguished and great man dedicated himself. What was the result of the debate in the United Nations is another matter. But, it must be acknowledged that Mohammad Zafrulla Khan occupies a pre-eminent position in defending the Palestinians in this dispute. We expect from all Arabs and followers of Islam that they will never forget this great Muslim fighter. After Palestine, the services of this man for the independence of Libya also deserves admiration. In the United Nations, his struggle for the rights of Arabs formed the basis of firm and lasting friendship between us."
— Al-Sabah, 10 October 1985
An editorial in Dawn of Karachi stated that:
"He earned the abiding respect and admiration of the Arab and other Muslim nations as a defender of their interests."
— Dawn editorial, 3 September 1985
Bibliography
Books
- The Excellent Exemplar Muhammad: The Messenger of Allah. London Mosque. 1962. p. 65. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- The Message of Islam. Archived from the original on 25 June 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- Victory of Prayer Over Prejudice. London Mosque. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- Letter to a Dear One (PDF). Islam International Publications. 2001. p. 116. ISBN 0-9656449-4-4. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
- Hazrat Maulvi Nooruddeen Khalifatul Masih I (PDF). Islam International Publications. 2006. p. 350. ISBN 1-85372-848-9. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
- Islam and Human Rights (PDF). Islam International Publications. 1967. p. 79. ISBN 1-85372-040-2. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
- Wisdom of the Holy Prophet (PDF). Islam International Publications. 1967. p. 91. ISBN 1-85372-030-5. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- Islam – Its Meaning for Modern Man (PDF). Islam International Publications. 1962. p. 386. ISBN 0-7100-0341-2. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- Punishment of Apostacy in Islam. Islam International Publications. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- Women in Islam (PDF). Islam International Publications. 1991. p. 39. ISBN 1-85372-035-6. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- Muhammad: Seal of the Prophets. Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1980. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- My Mother (PDF). London Mosque. 1978. p. 117. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 December 2010. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- Deliverance from the Cross (PDF). London Mosque. 1978. p. 110. ISBN 0-85525-014-3. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- Islam and Modern Family (Audio Book). Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
Speeches
- Khan, Muhammad Zafarullah (10 September 1958). The Contribution of Islam to the Solution of World Problems (Speech). 16th Congress of International Association for Religious Freedom. Chicago, USA. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
Biographies
- Hazrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad. A Sign of Allah – Chaudhry Muhammad Zafrulla Khan.[29]
References
- ^ "All Members | International Court of Justice". icj-cij.org. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Brief Life Sketch of Chaudhry Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan". Retrieved 2 November 2018.
- ^ "Presidents of the General Assembly of the United Nations". un.org. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
- OCLC 1152260969.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - ^ Muhammad Zafarullah Khan. The Reminiscences of Zafrulla Khan.
- ^ "Chaudhry Sir Muhammad Zafaullah Khan - Nusrat Jahan College". njc.edu.pk. Archived from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ Khawaja, Hafsa (25 July 2014). "A forgotten hero | Pakistan Today". Retrieved 6 April 2022.
- ^ "All Judges ad hoc | International Court of Justice". www.icj-cij.org. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ "A nation that forgets its heroes will itself soon be forgotten – The Express Tribune Blog". blogs.tribune.com.pk. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ Khan, Wali. "Facts are Facts: The Untold Story of India's Partition" (PDF). pp. 40–42. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 December 2010. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
- ^ "Muhammad Zafrulla Khan". Goodreads. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ a b Khan, Mhammad Zafarullah (1981). My Mother. 16 Gressenhall Road London SW18: The London Mosque. pp. 1–3.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ The Reminiscences of Sir Muhammad Zafrullah Khan by Columbia University p. 1,238 "THE REMINISCENCES OF SIR MUHAMMAD ZAFRULLA KHAN" (PDF). Retrieved 19 February 2014.
- ^ "Ahmadis and an unsung hero". The Indian Express. 17 August 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
- JSTOR j.ctt46ms9p.11, retrieved 23 June 2021
- ISBN 978-1-136-51759-4.
- S2CID 145719142.
- ^ "Splitting India V". The Friday Times - Naya Daur. 17 October 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
- ^ "Note by Sir Zafarullah Khan on Dominion Status". MSS EUR F125/135. British Library. 6 March 1940. pp. 117–150.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|url=
(help) - ^ Newspaper, the (16 July 2017). "Pakistan resolution". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
- ^ "12thMarch-1940-Viceroy-to-Zerland-Letter.pdf". Google Docs. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.[verification needed]
- ^ India Office Records and Private Papers (1940). (1940). Private correspondence with the Secretary of State. Volume V. Mss Eur F125/9. British Library. pp. 169–176.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Singh, Iqbal. Between Two Fires: Towards an Understanding of Jawaharlal Nehru's Foreign Policy, Volume 2. pp. 41–44.
- ^ 28 October 1947, UN Ad Hoc Committee on the Palestinian Question, 5th Meeting of the Sub-committee 2 Press Release
- ^ "International Court of Justice, Members of the Court". Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
- ISBN 978-1-933567-16-7.
- ^ "Provisional World Parliament | UIA Yearbook Profile | Union of International Associations". uia.org. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ Shourie, Arun. "Surely, the Basic Lesson Flows from the Basic Premise". Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ^ An English translation of the Friday Sermon delivered by Hazrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad, Khalifatul-Masih IV(rh) on September 6th, 1985 at The Fazl Mosque, London.
External links
- Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan in United Nations – Short Video Clips
- Video – President of the seventeenth session of General Assembly on YouTube
- Video – First Foreign Minister of Pakistan in UN on YouTube
- Pictures of Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan
- Elected President of the seventeenth session of the General Assembly (UN)
- Round Table Conferences (1930–33)
- Remembering Zafrulla Khan by Khalid Hasan
- Chaudhry Muhammad Zafarullah Khan's Services to Pakistan and The Muslim World
- Brief Life Sketch of Chaudhry Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
- Son of Liaqut Ali Khan on services of Sir Zafarullah Khan on YouTube
- "Sir Chaudhry Muhammad Zafrullah Khan (ra) – Home". zafrullahkhan.weebly.com. Retrieved 4 September 2014.