Muhaqqaq

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Muhaqqaq is one of the main six types of

Arabic word muḥaqqaq (محقَّق) means "consummate" or "clear", and originally was used to denote any accomplished piece of calligraphy.[2]

Often used to copy maṣāḥif (singular muṣḥaf, i.e. loose sheets of

Mameluk era (1250–1516/1517).[4] In the Ottoman Empire, it was gradually displaced by Thuluth and Naskh; from the 18th century onward, its use was largely restricted to the Basmala in Hilyas.[5]

History

The earliest reference to muḥaqqaq writing is found in the

Abbasid era to denote a specific writing style.[6] Master calligraphers like Ibn Muqla and Ibn al-Bawwab contributed to the development of this and other scripts, and defined its rules and standards within Islamic calligraphy.[7]

Gallery

See also

Notes

  1. ISBN 0-08-043167-4
    , p. 253.
  2. ^ Mansour, 139–140.
  3. ^ Mansour, 30.
  4. ^ Mansour, 278
  5. ^ Mansour, 187.
  6. ^ Mansour, 91.
  7. ^ Mansour, 20.

References

  • Nassar Mansour (author), Mark Allen (ed.): Sacred Script: Muhaqqaq in Islamic Calligraphy, I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd, New York 2011,
    ISBN 978-1-84885-439-0
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