Multiethnolect
A multiethnolect is a
Multiethnolects appear to be less homogeneous than either
The reasons for the emergence of European multiethnolects at this point in history is presumably linked to specific types of community formation in urban areas which have seen very large-scale immigration from developing countries. People of different language backgrounds have settled in already quite underprivileged neighbourhoods, and economic deprivation has led to the maintenance of close kin and neighbourhood ties. Castells (2000) writes of prosperous metropolises containing communities such as these: ‘It is this distinctive feature of being globally connected and locally disconnected, physically and socially, that makes mega-cities a new urban form’.[3]
Cheshire, Nortier, and Adger state that 'a defining characteristic is that [multiethnolects] are used by (usually monolingual) young people from non-immigrant backgrounds as well as by their bilingual peers'.[7]
Examples of multiethnolects
Citétaal
In Belgium, the multiethnolect that has emerged among young immigrant populations is called Citétaal, or “City language.” It flourishes and is most documented in mining areas of Belgium that were formerly ghettoized, and incorporates influences from the older immigrant populations, such as Italians, and more recent populations, such as Moroccans. The native language in the eastern Belgian regions where Citétaal is most spoken is Flemish, and as a Germanic language, this multiethnolect shares common patterns with other multiethnolects in other Germanic languages. For example, similar to Scandinavian and Dutch multiethnolects, Citétaal speakers are likely to overuse the common gender, rather than the neuter gender. This is one of many instances of morphological overgeneralization that characterizes this multiethnolect, along with others like it.[4] Speakers of Citétaal are primarily young Flemish speakers with an immigrant background, for whom “Citétaal is not used in order to be tough and cool but just for fun and to create a sense of togetherness."[4] Once again, this demonstrates the role of communities and social groups rather than individual families in creating a multiethnolect.
German multiethnolect
In
Kebabnorsk
Kebabnorsk (from
See also
- Kanaksprak
- Rinkebysvenska
- Perkerdansk
- Multicultural London English
- Multicultural Toronto English
- Madras Bashai
- Creole language
- Ethnolect
- Sociolinguistics
Sources
- Cheshire, Jenny, Nortier, Jacomine, and Adger, David. 2015. Emerging Multiethnolects in Europe. Queen Mary's Occasional Papers in Advancing Linguistics. 33: 1-27.
- Cheshire, Jenny, Kerswill, Paul, Fox, Sue, and Torgersen, Eivind. 2011. Contact, the feature pool and the speech community: The emergence of Multicultural London English. Journal of Sociolinguistics 15: 151-196.
- Clyne, Michael. 2000. Lingua franca and ethnolects in Europe and beyond. Sociolinguistica 14: 83–89.
- Freywald, Ulrike, Mayr, Katharina, Özçelik, Tiner, Wiese, Heike. Kiezdeutsch as a multiethnolect. In Kern, Friederike & Selting, Margret (eds.). Panethnic Styles of Speaking in European Metropolitan Cities.
- Quist, Pia (2000). Ny københavnsk 'multietnolekt'. Om sprogbrug blandt unge i sprogligt og kulturelt heterogene miljøer. [New Copenhagen Multiethnolect. Language Use among Young Young Speakers in linguistically and culturally heterogeneous neighborhoods]. Danske Talesprog, (1), 143-211.
- Quist, Pia (2008). Sociolinguistic approaches to multiethnolect: language variety and stylistic practice. International Journal of Bilingualism, 12(1-2), 43-61.
- Wiese, Heike. 2006. “Ich mach dich Messer”: Grammatische Produktivität in Kiez-Sprache. Linguistische Berichte 207. 245-273.
- Wiese, Heike. 2009. Grammatical innovation in multiethnic urban Europe: New linguistic practices among adolescents. Lingua 119: 782–806.
References
- .
- ^ Quist, P. (2000). Ny københavnsk 'multietnolekt'. Om sprogbrug blandt unge i sprogligt og kulturelt heterogene miljøer. [New Copenhagen Multiethnolect. Language Use among Young Young Speakers in linguistically and culturally heterogeneous neighborhoods]. Danske Talesprog, (1), 143-211.
- ^ .
- ^ a b c Cheshire, Jenny (February 2015). "Emerging multiethnolects in Europe" (PDF). Queen Mary's Occasional Papers Advancing Linguistics. 33.
- ^ Published in Ulla-Britt Kotsinas, Anna-Britta Stenström and Anna-Malin Karlsson, eds., Ungdomsspråk i Norden, föredrag från ett forskarsymposium: Språk och Kultur i Norden, 3, 14-16 juni 1996, Stockholm, MINS 43, Stockholm: Institutionen för nordiska språk, 1997, OCLC 470107861, pp. 235-42.
- ^ Toril Opsahl, "'Egentlig alle kan bidra'", Meninger (Opinions), Aftenposten 18 March 2010 (in Norwegian)
- ^ Cheshire, Jenny; Nortier, Jacomine; Adger, David (2015). "Emerging multiethnolects in Europe" (PDF). Queen Mary's Occasional Papers Advancing Linguistics. 33: 1–27.
- JSTOR 42944379.
- ^ Cheshire, Jenny; Nortier, J.; Adger, David (2015). "Emerging multiethnolects in Europe" (PDF). Queen Mary University of London. Retrieved 2023-02-20.