Multiple non-transferable vote
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The multiple non-transferable vote (MNTV) is a group of voting system, in which voters elect several representatives at once, with each voter having more than one vote. MNTV uses multi-member electoral districts or only one district, which contains all voters, which is used to provide at-large representation.
MNTV systems are not designed towards obtaining proportional representation; instead the usual result is that where the candidates divide into definitive parties (especially for example where those parties have party lines which are whipped) the most popular party in the district sees its full slate of candidates elected, resulting in a landslide.
The exceptions to this are Limited Voting or Cumulative Voting, both of which are brought in on purpose to produce diverse representation—minority representation as well as representation of the largest group. But other systems have proven themselves more dependable at producing
MNTV systems include:
- Plurality block voting (BV), also known as "plurality at-large", where each voter has as many votes as there are seats to be filled, but can cast no more than one vote per candidate (May result in election by plurality, which may be a one-party sweep by a minority group)
- Limited voting (LV), where each voter has less votes than there are seats to be filled, but can cast no more than one per candidate (resulting in semi-proportional representation)
- Limited block approval voting, where each voter has more votes than there are seats to be filled, but can cast no more than one vote per candidate (resulting in majoritarian representation)
- Block approval voting (a type of multi-winner approval voting), where each voter may vote for any number of candidates, but cast no more than one vote per candidate (resulting in majoritarian representation)
- Cumulative voting,[1] where voters have a multiple number of votes, and they may assign more than one vote to a candidate. Produces semi-proportional representation.
The multiple winners are usually elected simultaneously in one round of voting and the vote is non-transferable, unlike under
The single non-transferable vote (SNTV) is the extreme version of limited voting, when each voter can vote for only one candidate.
Terminology
Block voting
The term "plurality
Variations of the MNTV
Plurality block voting (BV)
In a block voting election, all candidates run against each other for m number of positions, where m is commonly called the district magnitude. Each voter selects up to m candidates on the ballot (voters are sometimes said to have m votes; however, they are unable to vote for the same candidate more than once as is permitted in cumulative voting[2]). Voters are most commonly permitted to cast their votes across more than one party list.[3] The m candidates with the most votes (who may or may not obtain a majority of available votes) are the winners and will fill the positions.
Majority-at-large voting / Two-round block voting
The majority-at-large voting is the plurality-at-large voting, but candidates who do not receive an absolute majority must compete in a second round.
Limited voting (LV) / Partial block voting
Partial block voting, also called limited voting, functions similarly to plurality-at-large voting, however in partial block voting each voter receives fewer votes than the number of candidates to be elected. This in turn can enable reasonably sized minorities to achieve some representation, as it becomes impossible for a simple plurality to sweep every seat. Partial bloc voting is used for
Under partial block voting, the fewer votes each voter is granted the smaller the number of voters needed to win becomes and the more like
Block approval voting
In block approval voting, every voter may vote for any number of candidates (but no more than once for each candidate)
Cumulative voting
General ticket / Party block voting (PBV)
Party block voting (PBV), or
Compared to preferential block voting
Block voting, or plurality block voting, is often compared with
See also
- Voting bloc
- Municipal elections in France
- Block approval voting
- Single non-transferable vote
Notes
- ^ City of Hendersonville, NC Archived June 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ City of Hendersonville, NC Archived June 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 978-91-85391-18-9. Archivedfrom the original on December 21, 2016.
- ^ "Limited Voting, Cumulative Voting and Choice Voting: A Comparison of Three Alternative Voting Systems". fairvote.org. Archived from the original on November 18, 2008.
References
- http://www.mtholyoke.edu/offices/comm/oped/voter_rights.shtml
- Rogers v. Lodge, (1982) Supreme Court Case
External links
- A Handbook of Electoral System Design Archived December 24, 2009, at the Wayback Machine from International IDEA
- Electoral Design Reference Materials from the ACE Project
- ACE Electoral Knowledge Network Expert site providing encyclopedia on Electoral Systems and Management, country by country data, a library of electoral materials, latest election news, the opportunity to submit questions to a network of electoral experts, and a forum to discuss all of the above
- TallyJ Election System A website tool customized to support Baha'i elections.