Munafiq
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Types of hypocrisy
- Hypocrisy towards God regarding actual faith. (Q2:14)
- Hypocrisy towards the tenets of faith: for example, somebody may believe in God, Judgment Day, accounting, scales of deeds and Hellfire but not fear them at all or not refrain from committing sins because of them. Yet he claims, "I fear God".
- Hypocrisy towards the deeds: Not performing obligatory works properly.
- Hypocrisy towards others: somebody is double-faced and double-tongued. He praises someone in their presence, then, behind their back, he denounces them and tries to cause them pain and harm.
Hadith - Four signs of a pure hypocrite:
Abdullah ibn Amr reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “There are four signs that make someone a pure hypocrite and whoever has them has a characteristic of hypocrisy until he abandons it: (1) when he speaks he lies; (2) when he makes a covenant he is treacherous; (3) when he makes a promise he breaks it; and (4) when he argues he is wicked.”[3]
Munafiqun in the Quran
The
In the Quran, the munafiqun are berated for their disloyalty towards the Muslims.[4] They are described as seeking the subversion of Islam from within by dissembling a false allegiance. According to Surah 9:107-108 there was even a "mosque" of dissent that they built; this "mosque" was burned down by Muhammad.[5]
The 63rd chapter (surah) of the Quran is titled Al-Munafiqun. The chapter deals with the phenomenon of hypocrisy; it criticizes hypocrisy and condemns the hypocrites; the treachery of the hypocrites of Medina is exposed and rebuked; Muhammad is warned to beware of trusting the hypocrites; the hypocrites are cursed and declared reprobates; the hypocrites are threatened with expulsion from Medina.[6] In Surah An-Nisa, verses 88-89 of the Quran, hypocrites are threatened with death.[7]
Traits of the Munafiqeen according to Hadith
- 'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'Asreported the Messenger of Allah as saying: Four characteristics constitute anyone who possesses them a sheer hypocrite (munafiq), and anyone who possesses one of them possesses a characteristics of hypocrisy till he abandons it:
- when he talks he lies,
- when he makes a promise he violates it,
- when he makes a covenant he acts treacherously, and
- when he quarrels/engages in a dispute, he explodes (فَجَرَ, fajara) (abuses/deviates from the truth/behaves very imprudently, irrationally, foolishly, evilly and insultingly) [8][9][10][11][12][13]
- Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "The signs of a munafiq are three:
- Whenever he speaks, he tells a lie.
- Whenever he promises, he always breaks it (his promise).
- If you trust him, he proves to be dishonest. (If you keep something as a trust with him, he will not return it.)" Another narration adds the words: "Even if he observes Saum (fasts), performs Salat (prayer) and claims to be a Muslim."[14][15]
- Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar: Allah's Messenger said, "A believer eats in one intestine (is satisfied with a little food), and a kafir (unbeliever) or a munafiq eats in seven intestines (eats too much, or eats the food of 7 believing people – i.e – that which they are not entitled).[16]
- It was narrated that Zirr said:
- Narrated
- It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that: The Messenger of Allah said: "The parable of the munafiq is that of a sheep that hesitates between two flocks, sometimes following one, and sometimes following another, not knowing which to follow."[29]
- Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger as saying: The Similitude of a believer is that of (a standing) crop which the air continues to toss from one side to another; in the same way a believer always (receives the strokes) of misfortune. The similitude of a munafiq is that of a cypress tree which does not move until it is uprooted.[30][31]
- It was narrated that the Prophet said: "Women who seek divorce and Khul' without just cause are like the female munafiq."[32][33]
- Narrated Buraydah ibn al-Hasib: The Prophet said: Do not call a Munafiq as sayyid (master), for if he is a sayyid, you will displease your Lord, Most High.[34]
Salih Al Munajjid in his book Nifaq describes the nature and character of hypocrites as described in Quran and Hadith. These are:
- Disordered mind
- Seduction of pleasure
- Show of pride
- Mocking with the verses of Allah
- Jokes with the believers
- Forbidding people to spend on the way of Allah
- Maintaining harmony with unbelievers calling believers fools
- Waiting for believers' result
- Deception with Allah and laziness in worship
- Tense and wavering attitude
- Fooling the believers
- Submitting lawsuits to apostate rulers
- False oaths, fear, cowardice and restlessness
- Create havoc among the believers
- They thirst for praise in the name of doing what they did not do
- They consider good deeds polluting
- Happy at the lowest position
- The order of injustice and the prohibition of justice
- Disliking Jihad and turning away from it
- Inciting not to fight and spreading scaremongering rumours
- Unwillingness for being with the believers
- Ask permission not to participate in Jihad
- Excuses for holding back from Jihad
- Trying to hide from people's eyes
- Rejoicing at the loss of the believers
- Betraying trusts, lying in conversation, breaking promises and using bad language in arguments.
- Delaying Salat from its due time
- Do not participate in Salaat Jama'a.
- Ugly words and vulgarity
- Listening to music[35]
Remedy of Nifaq
- Attending daily congregational prayers (Salat al-jama‘ah) with Takbeer Ula (known as Takbeer Tahrima) or First Takbeer for 40 consecutive days and attending in all the congregational prayers regularly
Anas bin Malik narrated that : Allah's Messenger said: "Whoever performs Salat for Allah for forty days in congregation, catching the first Takbir, two absolutions are written for him: absolution from the Fire, and absolution from hypocrisy."
— Grade: Da'if (Darussalam)/Hasan Ligairihi,Reference : (Jami` at-Tirmidhi 241 In-book reference : Book 2, Hadith 93
English translation : Vol. 1, Book 2, Hadith 241), Sahihah 1979, Sahih At-Targhib 409, Sahih Al-Jami' 6365.
- Doing good deeds and gaining knowledge about religion
- Philanthropy
- Praying at night
- Jihad in the way of Allah
- Remembrance of Allah more and more (Dhikr)
- Dua
- Love for the Ansar
- Love for Ali Ibn Abi Talib[36]
What Muslims should do with hypocrites
Salih Al Munajjid told Muslims to deal with hypocrites as follows according to the Quran and Sahih Hadith:
- Disobey them
- Ignoring, intimidating and admonishing the hypocrites
- Do not engage in debate with the hypocrites and do not favor them
- Do not make friends with hypocrites
- Waging jihad against the hypocrites and imposing austerity
- Show contempt for hypocrites and do not make them leaders
- Not participating in the funeral procession of the hypocrites[37]
See also
- Abdullah ibn Ubayy
- Apostasy in Islam
- Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar
- Dönmeh
- Kafir
- Kitman
- Sabbateans
- Shabakism
- Taqiya
- Zandaqa
References
- ISBN 9781351498333.
- ISBN 9780190458010.
- ^ Elias, Abu Amina (22 April 2012). "Hadith on Hypocrisy: Four signs of a pure hypocrite". Retrieved 22 October 2022.
- ISBN 978-0-19-964287-8.
- ISBN 9781870345651.
- Dr. Muzammil H. Siddiqi. "A Thematic Introduction to the Surahs of the Qur'an | SoundVision.com". www.soundvision.com.
- ^ "Surah An-Nisa Roman Transliteration".
- Sunan Abu Dawud4688 In-book reference : Book 42, Hadith 93 English translation : Book 41, Hadith 4671
- Riyad as-SalihinBook 2, Hadith 690
- Riyad as-SalihinBook 18, Hadith 1584
- Jami` at-TirmidhiIn-book reference : Book 40, Hadith 27 English translation : Vol. 5, Book 38, Hadith 2632
- ^ Sahih Muslim 58 In-book reference : Book 1, Hadith 116 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 1, Hadith 111 (deprecated numbering scheme)
- ^ Sahih al-Bukhari 34 In-book reference : Book 2, Hadith 27 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 1, Book 2, Hadith 34 (deprecated numbering scheme)
- ^ Sahih al-Bukhari 33 In-book reference : Book 2, Hadith 26 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 1, Book 2, Hadith 33 (deprecated numbering scheme)
- Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim
- Sahih Bukhari5394 In-book reference : Book 70, Hadith 22 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 7, Book 65, Hadith 306 (deprecated numbering scheme)
- ^ Bulugh al-Maram English reference : Book 11, Hadith 1298 Arabic reference : Book 11, Hadith 1271
- Sunan an-Nasa'iIn-book reference : Book 25, Hadith 13 English translation : Vol. 1, Book 25, Hadith 3099
- Sunan Abu Dawud2502 In-book reference : Book 15, Hadith 26
- Jami` at-Tirmidhi2027 In-book reference : Book 27, Hadith 133 English translation : Vol. 4, Book 1, Hadith 2027
- ^ Mishkat al-Masabih 4796
- Sunan an-Nasa'i5018 In-book reference : Book 47, Hadith 34 English translation : Vol. 6, Book 47, Hadith 5021
- ^ Sahih Muslim 78 In-book reference : Book 1, Hadith 146 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 1, Hadith 141 (deprecated numbering scheme)
- ^ Sunan al-Tirmidhi English reference : Vol. 1, Book 46, Hadith 3736 Arabic reference : Book 49, Hadith 4101
- Sunan Ibn MajahEnglish reference : Vol. 1, Book 1, Hadith 114 Arabic reference : Book 1, Hadith 119
- ^ Sahih al-Bukhari 17 In-book reference : Book 2, Hadith 10 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 1, Book 2, Hadith 17 (deprecated numbering scheme)
- ^ Sahih al-Bukhari 3784 In-book reference : Book 63, Hadith 9 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 5, Book 58, Hadith 128 (deprecated numbering scheme)
- ^ Sahih Muslim 74 b In-book reference : Book 1, Hadith 142 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 1, Hadith 137 (deprecated numbering scheme)
- Sunan an-Nasa'i5037 In-book reference : Book 47, Hadith 53 English translation : Vol. 6, Book 47, Hadith 5040
- ^ Sahih Muslim 2809 a In-book reference : Book 52, Hadith 46 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 39, Hadith 6742 (deprecated numbering scheme)
- ^ Sahih Muslim 2810 b In-book reference : Book 52, Hadith 49 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 39, Hadith 6745 (deprecated numbering scheme)
- Abu Hurairah, 3461 In-book reference : Book 27, Hadith 73 English translation : Vol. 4, Book 27, Hadith 3491
- ^ Sunan al-Tirmidhi from Thawban 1186 In-book reference : Book 13, Hadith 13 English translation : Vol. 2, Book 8, Hadith 1186
- ^ Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 4977 In-book reference : Book 43, Hadith 205 English translation : Book 42, Hadith 4959
- ^ Munafiqi - Saleh Al-Munajjid - Translation: Muhammad Abdul Malek (Bangla) pp. 13-42
- ^ Munafiqi - Saleh Al-Munajjid - Translation: Muhammad Abdul Malek (Bangla) pp. 43-48
- ^ Munafiqi - Saleh Al-Munajjid - Translation: Muhammad Abdul Malek (Bangla) pp. 48-54