Munich Security Conference
Abbreviation | MSC |
---|---|
Predecessor | Internationale Wehrkundebegegnung / Münchner Wehrkundetagung |
Formation | 1963 |
Founder | Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist-Schmenzin |
Legal status | Non-profit foundation |
Purpose | Peace through Dialogue |
Location |
|
Methods | Host conferences |
Chairman | Christoph Heusgen |
Website | securityconference |
The Munich Security Conference (MSC; German: Münchner Sicherheitskonferenz) is an annual conference on international security policy that has been held in Munich, Bavaria, Germany since 1963. Formerly named the Munich Conference on Security Policy (German: Münchner Konferenz für Sicherheitspolitik),[1] the motto is: Peace through Dialogue.[2] It is the world's largest gathering of its kind.
Over the past four decades the Munich Security Conference has become the most important independent forum for the exchange of views by international security policy decision-makers. Each year it brings together about 350 senior figures from more than 70 countries around the world to engage in an intensive debate on current and future security challenges. The list of attendees includes heads of states, governments and international organizations, ministers, members of parliament, high-ranking representatives of armed forces, science, civil society, as well as business and media.
The conference is held annually in February. The venue is the Hotel Bayerischer Hof in Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
History
The conference evolved from the Internationale Wehrkundebegegnung / Münchner Wehrkundetagung,[3] which was founded in 1963 by Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist-Schmenzin.[4] The resistance fighter from the Stauffenberg circle advocated to prevent military conflicts such as the Second World War in the future and brought together leaders and experts in security policy for this reason. The first meeting was limited to about 60 participants; among them were Helmut Schmidt and Henry Kissinger.[5] Von Kleist led the meetings until 1997; his successor who led them from 1999 until 2008 was politician and business manager Horst Teltschik (CDU).
Since 2009, the conference is headed by the former diplomat Wolfgang Ischinger. Ischinger established the Munich Security Conference GmbH non-profit company in 2011, which he has led until Christoph Heusgen took over the position in February 2022.[1][6][7] Vice Chairmen are Ambassador Rainer Rudolph, successor to Ambassador Boris Ruge, and Dr. Benedikt Franke, who is also CEO.[8]
In 2018 the company was subsumed into the MSC Foundation, with an endowment from contributions by the German government and other big donors. Funding has increased from less than €1 million of public funding in 2008 to about €10 million of mostly corporate funding in 2022.[9]
The Munich Security Conference was canceled twice, in 1991 due to the First Gulf War and 1997 as a result of the retirement of Kleist-Schmenzin.[1] Under the leadership of Teltschik the Security Conference opened in 1999 for political, military and business leaders from Central and Eastern Europe as well as India, Japan and the People's Republic of China.
Purpose
At this conference, under the theme of peace through dialogue, senior politicians, diplomats, military and security experts from the member countries of NATO and the European Union, but also from other countries such as China, India, Iran, Japan and Russia are invited to discuss the current issues in security and defense policies.
The intention of the conference is to address the topical main security issues and to debate and analyze the main security challenges in the present and the future in line with the concept of networked security. A focal point of the conference is the discussion and the exchange of views on the development of the transatlantic relations as well as European and global security in the 21st century.
The conference is organized privately and therefore not an official government event. It is used exclusively for discussion; an authorization for binding intergovernmental decisions does not exist. Furthermore, there is - contrary to usual conventions - no common final communiqué. The high-level meeting is also used to discrete background discussions between the participants. An exception is the presentation of global political decisions, such as the exchange of instruments of ratification for the New START disarmament agreement between the United States and Russia, which was held at the conclusion of the security conference in 2011.
Conferences
2003 conference
At the 39th conference in 2003, German Minister for Foreign Affairs Joschka Fischer doubted the reasoning of the US government for a war against Iraq with the words "Excuse me, I am not convinced".[10]
2007 conference
See
2009 conference
From February 6–8, 2009, the 45th Munich Security Conference
In 2009 the MSC inaugurated the Ewald von Kleist Award..
2011 conference
The 47th Munich Security Conference was excluded from the circle of attendees because of the country's human rights situation.
In 2011, two special features marked the growing role of the Munich Security Conference as a centre of attention of international security policy:
2012 conference
The 48th Munich Security Conference was held from 2 to 5 February 2012.
2013 conference
The 49th Munich Security Conference was held from 1 to 3 February 2013.
2014 conference
The 50th Munich Security Conference was held from 31 January to 2 February 2014.
2015 conference
The 51st Munich Security Conference was held from 6 to 8 February 2015. Among the more than 400 international participants[18] from nearly 80 countries were also 20 heads of state, 70 foreign and defense ministers[19] and 30 CEOs of large companies.[20] The conferences focused on the conflict in Ukraine, nuclear negotiations with Iran and the war on terror as well as the global refugees crisis.
2016 conference
The 52nd Munich Security Conference took place from 12 to 14 February 2016. 600 international guests attended the event, including 30 heads of state, 70 foreign and defense ministers, directors of various intelligence agencies and 700 journalists from 48 countries.[21] The conferences focused on the conflict between NATO and the Russian Federation, Syria and the fight against
2017 conference
The 53rd Munich Security Conference (MSC 2017) took place from 17 to 19 February 2017 at
2018 conference
The 54th Munich Security Conference (MSC 2018) took place from 16 to 18 February 2018 at the Hotel Bayerischer Hof in Munich.
2019 conference
The 55th Munich Security Conference (MSC 2019) took place from 15 to 17 February 2019 at the Hotel Bayerischer Hof in Munich. Among the 600[25] participants were heads of state and government from more than 35 countries, 50 foreign and 30 defence ministers, other representatives from the fields of politics, the military, the arms industry, business and science, as well as members of international intergovernmental and civil society organizations.[26]
2020 conference
The 56th Munich Security Conference (MSC 2020) took place from 14 to 16 February 2020 at the Hotel Bayerischer Hof in Munich. Among the more than 500[27] participants were heads of state and government from 35 countries. Joe Biden, later the 46th President of the United States, committed himself to a new tone from Washington on the political world stage and regarding multilateralism. He promised: "We will be back."
2021 conference
The 57th Munich Security Conference ("Munich Special Edition 2021") took place on 19 February in the form of a virtual online conference, without in-person attendance, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The event was addressed by British PM Boris Johnson, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, French President Emmanuel Macron and US President Joe Biden, who declared that "America is back".
2022 conference
The 58th MSC took place from 18 to 20 February 2022. The motto was "Turning the Tide – Unlearning Helplessness". It was attended by over 30 Heads of State, 100 ministers and the heads of many of the most important international organizations like
2023 conference
The 59th MSC took place from 17 to 19 February 2023.[34] The overarching the motto "Re:Vision," which is also the title of the Munich Security Conference report that has been published in preparation for the conference.[35] On the one hand, the debates focused on the increased efforts of autocratic states to revise the international order. On the other hand, the conference called for new common visions for the international order and possible cooperation despite geopolitical challenges. Representatives from all over the world participated,[36] among them: Kamala Harris, Antony Blinken, Rishi Sunak, Emmanuel Macron, Olaf Scholz, Annalena Baerbock, Boris Pistorius, Ursula von der Leyen, Jens Stoltenberg, Wang Yi, Andrzej Duda, Francia Márquez, Kaja Kallas, Nana Akufo-Addo and Volodymyr Zelensky (virtually).
The war in Ukraine and its impact was at the center of most discussions in Munich. In addition, a wide range of security policy issues were discussed. A major concern of the new MSC chairman,
2024 conference
The 60th Munich Security Conference took place from 16 to 18 February 2024.[38][39]
Events
In addition to the main conference in February, the Munich Security Conference hosts a variety of events and networks.[40]
Munich Leaders Meetings
In addition to the main conference, a series of events, the MSC Munich Leaders Meetings (previously: Core Group Meetings), A select group of 30-50 experts, leaders and thinkers who come together in a private setting to develop recommendations on the latest security challenges.[44]
Regular roundtable events take place with varying numbers of participants, both as part of international meetings and events and as independent events. Several roundtables can be organized in the form of a "summit" and individual "conversations" can also be held in virtual form. The thematic focus ranges from European defense policy to cyber security and human security issues.[45]
In 2021, the MSC Security Innovation Board was launched, bringing together a group of experts from the technology and defense policy sectors to promote exchange on innovation in the security policy field.[46]
Since 2009, the award has been given to individuals who made a special contribution to peace and conflict resolution. The laureates receive a medal with the inscription "Peace through Dialogue", as recently John McCain (2018), Alexis Tsipras and Zoran Zaev (2019), the United Nations (2020), Angela Merkel (2021) and Jens Stoltenberg (2022).[47]
Beginning in 2019, and alongside the conferences, up to two political science dissertations are being honored that focus on transatlantic relations. The award is given in memory of John McCain together with the partners "Munich School of Public Policy", "Geschwister-Scholl-Institut", "University of the Federal Armed Forces", and the McCain Institute. Among other things, the award grants participation in MSC events and a prize money of up to 10,000 Euros.[48]
Starting with the Munich Security Conference 2023, the Women Parliamentarians Program aims to establish a network to connect the new generation of female decision-makers from the German Bundestag and the European Parliament. A select group of cross-party elected officials engages in a variety of formats throughout the course of a year in order to generate new ideas in German foreign, security, and development policy.[49]
In 2009, the Munich Young Leaders was first launched in cooperation with the Körber Foundation. Held in parallel to the Security Conference, this annual roundtable series is designed to directly involve the next generation of decision-makers into the main conference proceedings.[1][50] The Roundtable agendas as well as the participants and speakers lists are published online.[51]
Some events and distinct formats have transformed, evolved and/or changed names and purposes in the course of time.
After the launch in 2009, the subsequent events took place in Moscow in 2010,[52] Beijing in 2011,[53] as well as Doha in 2013.[54] A second meeting was held for the first time in 2013 in Washington, DC. The location of the 2014 Core Group Meeting was New Delhi. The issues discussed in New Delhi were the threats of terrorism and cyber-attacks, questions of maritime security, regional and global security structures and concepts for new global governance.
The Core Group Meeting 2015 was held in Vienna.[55] The crisis in Ukraine was a central theme of the meeting, which featured the Ukrainian Foreign Minister Pavlo Klimkin and the Russian deputy Foreign Minister Alexei Meshkov. Klimkin urged the European states to confront the Russian government head-on.[56] The Austrian Foreign Minister Sebastian Kurz stated that any border changes in Europe were "unacceptable", but at the same time stressed the need for cooperation with Russia. While the Swiss Foreign Minister Didier Burkhalter proposed a neutral status for Ukraine,[57] the Serbian Foreign Minister Ivica Dačić as OSCE Chairman called for a strengthening of his organization in order to prevent future conflicts.[58]
Another Core Group Meeting took place in Munich Strategy Retreats
Roundtables
Security Innovation Board
Awards & Networks
Ewald von Kleist Award
John McCain Dissertation Award
MSC Women Parliamentarians Program
Munich Young Leaders
Former events
Core Group Meetings
In April 2016, another MSC Core Group Meeting took place in the
Another Core Group Meeting was held in
Cyber Security Summit
In 2012, the first Cyber Security Summit was held in cooperation with
During the summit several working groups analyzed existing cyber risks and dangers for the following industries:
- Energy
- Finances
- Health
- Logistic
- Media
- Production
On November 11, 2013 the second summit took place in Bonn. The gathering had the following four topics:[75]
- Rebuilding trust in the digital society
- New threat scenarios for the economy
- Gaining trust, restoring trust
- Cyber defense is becoming a business-critical core skill
Unlike in 2012, the list of speakers was published:
- Neelie Kroes, Vice-President (Digital Company) of the European Commission
- Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger, German Federal Minister of Justice
- Johanna Mikl-Leitner, Interior Minister of Austria
- Ambassador Allianz SE
- Ehud Barak, former Prime Minister of Israel
- Jürgen Stock, Vice-President of the German Federal Criminal Police
- Scott Charney, Vice President of Microsoft
- Arthur W. Coviello, Jr., CEO of RSA Security
- Thomas Rid, lecturer at King's College London; author on issues of cyber security
- René Obermann, CEO of Deutsche Telekom; Vice President of BITKOM e.V.
- Timotheus Höttges, Chief Financial and controlling Officer of Deutsche Telekom AG; designated CEO
- Thomas Kremer, Director of Privacy, Legal Affairs and Compliance at Deutsche Telekom AG
- Klaus Schweinsberg, former editor of the business magazines Capital and Impulse; Founder and director of the Center for Strategy and senior management
The third summit was held on 3 November 2014.[76] It was attended by 180 representatives from the fields of politics, economy, EU and NATO.[77] In his opening speech, Telekom CEO Höttges highlighted the growing number of attacks on data and digital infrastructures, where the Telekom network recorded 1 Million attacks daily. He quoted a CSIS study that estimated the global damage caused by cybercrime to be US$575 billion per year. To protect European data against access by US authorities, Höttges called for a revision of the Safe Harbor Agreement. The intelligence coordinator of the federal government, Klaus-Dieter Fritsche, supported Höttges demands.[78]
MSC Chairman Ischinger described the great geopolitical importance of cyber security as a result of Ukraine conflict, which had marked the return of war as political means in Europe.
The fourth Cyber Security Summit was held on 19 and 20 September 2016 Palo Alto, Silicon Valley.[83] The summit was jointly convened by MSC, Deutsche Telekom and Stanford University. 140 representatives from the fields of politics, security and business participated in the gathering.[84] A central theme of the meeting was the 2016 U.S. presidential election and its possible manipulation by cyber attacks.[85] The chairman of the Munich Security Conference, Wolfgang Ischinger, expressed his fear that such attacks could damage confidence in democratic elections in general.[84]
Further topics were the defense against cyberterrorism, the future of warfare, the economic relevance of cybersecurity and the development of norms and rules for the Internet.[86] MSC chairman Ischinger called for closer coordination between the worlds of politics and technology,[85] in order to create the basis for an open, free and secure web.[87]
In connection with the
Other participants included Dmitri Alperovitch, co-founder and CTO of CrowdStrike,
Energy Security Summit
Together with the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, the MSC has been organizing the Energy Security Summit since 2013.
The second Energy Security Summit was held in
The third Energy Security Summit was held on 5 and 6 May 2015, again in Berlin.[
Critique
Speculations about one of the sponsors, the U.S. consultancy McKinsey, as secretly organizing the conference on behalf of the foundation and, according to Politico,[102] wielding great influence on the conference's agenda, guests and events, were denied by McKinsey.[103]
See also
- Antalya Diplomacy Forum
- Halifax International Security Forum
- International relations
- International security
- Internationalism
- Nuclear Security Summit
- Pirate Security Conference
- Raisina Dialogue
- Shangri-La Dialogue
- Yalta European Strategy
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