Musca
Constellation | |
Abbreviation | Mus |
---|---|
Genitive | Muscae |
Pronunciation | |
Symbolism | the 77th) |
Main stars | 6 |
Bayer/Flamsteed stars | 13 |
Stars with planets | 3 |
Stars brighter than 3.00m | 1 |
Stars within 10.00 pc (32.62 ly) | 1 |
Brightest star | α Mus (2.69m) |
Messier objects | 0 |
Bordering constellations |
|
Visible at latitudes between +10° and −90°. Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the month of May. |
Musca (
Many of the constellation's brighter stars are members of the Scorpius–Centaurus association, a loose group of hot blue-white stars that appears to share a common origin and motion across the Milky Way. These include Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Zeta2 and (probably) Eta Muscae, as well as HD 100546, a blue-white Herbig Ae/Be star that is surrounded by a complex debris disk containing a large planet or brown dwarf and possible protoplanet. Two further star systems have been found to have planets. The constellation also contains two cepheid variables visible to the naked eye. Theta Muscae is a triple star system, the brightest member of which is a Wolf–Rayet star.
History
Musca was one of the 12 constellations established by the Dutch astronomer Petrus Plancius from the observations of the southern sky by the Dutch explorers
The French explorer and astronomer
The
Characteristics
Musca is bordered by
Features
Stars
Lacaille charted and designated 10 stars with the Bayer designations Alpha to Kappa in 1756. He catalogued stars that became Lambda and Mu, but did not designate them as he considered them informes as they lay outside the asterism proper. Baily considered them part of Musca, and Gould gave them their Bayer designations. Francis Baily also dropped Kappa, which he felt was too faint to warrant a name, and designated two adjacent stars as Zeta1 and Zeta2. These last two stars are 1° apart, quite far to be sharing a Bayer designation. Lacaille had originally labelled the fainter one as Zeta, while Baily presupposed he had meant to label the brighter one. Reluctant to remove Lacaille's designation, he gave them both the Zeta designation.[15] Altogether there are 62 stars brighter than magnitude 6.5 in the constellation.[14]
The pattern of the brightest stars resembles that of
Beta Muscae is a binary star system around 341 light-years distant that is composed of two blue-white main-sequence stars of spectral types B2V and B3V that orbit each other every 194 years. They are eight and six times as massive as the Sun, respectively, and have about 3.5 times its diameter.[20] Zeta2 Muscae is a white main sequence star of spectral type A5V around 330 light-years distant from Earth.[21] It is part of a triple star system with faint companions at 0.5 and 32.4 arc seconds distance.[22] Eta Muscae is a multiple star system, the two main components forming an eclipsing binary that has a combined spectral type of B8V and magnitude of 4.77 that dips by 0.05 magnitude every 2.39 days.[23] Alpha, Beta, Gamma, HD 103079, Zeta2 and (likely) Eta are all members of the Lower Centaurus Crux subgroup of the Scorpius–Centaurus association, a group of predominantly hot blue-white stars that share a common origin and proper motion across the galaxy.[24][25]
Delta and Epsilon mark the fly's left wing and right wing, respectively.[16] With an apparent magnitude of 3.62, Delta is an orange giant of spectral type K2III located around 91 light-years away.[26] Epsilon Muscae is a red giant of spectral type M5III and semiregular variable that ranges between magnitudes 3.99 and 4.31 over approximately 40 days.[27] It has expanded to 130 times the Sun's diameter and 1800 to 2300 its luminosity. It was a star originally 1.5 to 2 times as massive as the Sun. Although of a similar distance—around 302 light-years—to the stars of the Lower Centaurus Crux subgroup, it is moving much faster at around 100 km/s and does not share a common origin.[28] To the northwest lies Mu Muscae, an orange giant of spectral type K4III that varies between apparent magnitude 4.71 and 4.76, and has been classified as a slow, irregular variable.[29] Near Mu is Lambda Muscae, the third-brightest star in the constellation and a white main-sequence star of spectral type A7V around 128 light-years distant from Earth.[30]
Located near Alpha is R Muscae,[16] a classical Cepheid variable ranging from apparent magnitude 5.93 to 6.73 over 7.5 days. It is a yellow-white supergiant ranging between spectral types F7Ib and G2Ib,[31] located around 2037 light-years away.[32] S Muscae is likewise a classical Cepheid, a yellow-white supergiant ranging between spectral types F6Ib and G0Ib and magnitudes 5.89 to 6.49 over a period of 9.66 days.[33] A luminous star around 5.9 times as massive as the Sun, it is a binary star with a blue-white main-sequence star companion likely to be of spectral type B3V to B5V with a mass of just over 5 solar masses,[34] one of the hottest and brightest companions of a cepheid known. The two stars orbit each other every 505 days.[35]
Also known as Nova Muscae 1983,
Three star systems have been discovered to have
Deep-sky objects
Located on the border with Circinus is the unusual planetary nebula NGC 5189,[8] estimated to be around 1750 light-years away from Earth.[59] Its complex structure is due to multiple ejections of material from the ageing central star, which are distorted by the presence of a likely binary companion.[60] Located 2.4° east of Eta Muscae is the magnitude-12.9 Engraved Hourglass Nebula (MyCn 18),[61] which lies about 8000 light-years distant from Earth.[62] To Eta's west lies IC 4191, a compact bluish planetary nebula of magnitude 10.6,[63] thought to lie around 10,750 light-years away from Earth.[64] West of Epsilon Muscae is NGC 4071, a large, diffuse planetary nebula of magnitude 12.7 with a magnitude 12 central star,[63] thought to lie around 4000 light-years away from Earth.[64] The Coalsack Nebula is a dark nebula located mainly in neighbouring Crux that intrudes into Musca.[65] NGC 4463 is an open cluster located on its southwestern border.[66] Around five light-years across, it is located around 3400 light-years away.[12]
The comparatively old
See also
- IAU-recognized constellations
- Musca (Chinese astronomy)
Notes
References
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- ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Frederick de Houtman's Catalogue". Star Tales. self-published. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
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- ^ a b Ridpath, Ian. "Musca". Star Tales. self-published. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
- ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Johann Bayer's Southern Star Chart". Star Tales. self-published. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
- ^ Ridpath, Ian. "Lacaille's Southern Planisphere of 1756". Star Tales. self-published. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
- ^ Horvatin, Shane. "Obsolete Constellations: Apis". East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
- ^ a b c Streicher, Magda (April 2006). "Musca—The Heavenly Fly" (PDF). Deepsky Delights. The Astronomical Society of Southern Africa. pp. 56–59. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
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- ^ Kaler, Jim. "Alpha Muscae". Stars. University of Illinois. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
- ^ Otero, Sebastian Alberto (5 March 2012). "Gamma Muscae". AAVSO Website. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
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- ^ Kaler, Jim (22 June 2010). "Beta Muscae". Stars. University of Illinois. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
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- ^ Watson, Christopher (25 August 2009). "Epsilon Muscae". AAVSO Website. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
- ^ Kaler, Jim. "Epsilon Muscae". Stars. University of Illinois. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
- ^ Otero, Sebastian Alberto (31 October 2011). "Mu Muscae". AAVSO Website. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
- ^ "Lambda Muscae – Star in Double System". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
- ^ Watson, Christopher (4 January 2010). "R Muscae". AAVSO Website. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
- ^ "R Muscae – Classical Cepheid (delta Cephei type)". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
- ^ Watson, Christopher (4 January 2010). "S Muscae". AAVSO Website. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
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- ^ a b Kaler, Jim. "Theta Muscae". Stars. University of Illinois. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
- S2CID 118447784.
- ^ S2CID 6445980.
- ^ "TU Muscae – Eclipsing Binary of Beta Lyrae type (semi-detached)". SIMBAD Astronomical Database. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ^ Watson, Christopher (4 January 2010). "TU Muscae". AAVSO Website. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
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- S2CID 9014058.
- S2CID 119284418.
- S2CID 18383063.
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