Mutharaiyar dynasty

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Muttaraiyar (disambiguation).

Mutharaiyar
600 CE–850 CE
Capital
Saivism
GovernmentMonarchy
mutharaiyar 
• 650-680 CE
Kuvavan Maaran alias Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar I
• 680 -705 CE
Maaran Parameswaran alias Ilangovadiaraiyan
• 705-745 CE
Suvaran Maran alias Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar II
• 745 -770 CE
Videlviduku Satan Maran
• 770-791 CE
Peradiarayan alias Marbiduku
• 791 -826 CE
Kuvavan Satan alias Videlviduku Mutharaiyar
Historical eraMiddle Ages
• Established
600 CE
• Disestablished
850 CE
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Kalabhra dynasty
Chola dynasty

The Mutharaiyar was a south Indian dynasty that governed the

Pudukottai, Perambalur and Thiruvarur
regions between 600 and 850 CE.

Origin

The origin of the Mutharaiyar is shrouded in mystery. Historian T. A. Gopinatha Rao equates them with the

Tamilakkam (now part of Tamil Nadu) around the 2nd century CE from Erumainadu(bison country), which is identified with the area in and around modern Mysore in Karnataka.[4][full citation needed
]

History

They seem to have established themselves as lords of the

Buddhists.[9] The Sendalai epigraph gives Suvaran Maaran the epithets, Satrukesari(lion to enemies) and Vēl-Maaran among others and describes his flag as having the Vēl
(Vēl-kodiyaan) or lance for emblem.

During the 7th to 8th centuries, they served as feudatories of the

Pandyas.[13] When the Cholas came to power in 850, Vijayalaya Chola wrested control of Thanjavur from the Mutharaiyar and turned them into vassals.[14]

The northern branch

In the northern dominions, the Kalamalla inscription (575 AD) that is considered as the first stone record in

Sundara Chola, chief Srikantha is mentioned as the immediate predecessor of Vijayalaya Chola, the founder of Imperial Chola line.[19] However the plates do not mention the relationship between Vijayalaya Chola and Srikantha.[20][21]

During the reign of Rajaraja Chola III around 1243 AD, there was an officer called Mallan Sivan alias Brahmadaraya Mutharaiyan, referred to as pillai (son). He was the holder of the royal fief (arasukuru) and the governor of Urattur-nadu.[22]

The relation, if any, between the Thanjavur branch and Erikal Mutturaju Chola branch is not clear.

Religion

Full view of Vijayalaya Choleeswaram

Historians like Arunachalam and Burton Stein, have held the view that the Mutharaiyar were initially

Pudukottai district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu,India, is a temple dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva. Constructed in the Dravida style and rock cut architecture, the temple is believed to have been built during the 9th century by Mutharaiyar kings.[23] The other portions of Narthamalai houses the 8th century Jaina Abode, the Aluruttimalai Jain Caves. There are also two rock-cut caves, one of which houses twelve life size sculptures of Vishnu.[24] The temple is considered one of the oldest stone temples in South India.[25]

Literature

Two stanzas (200, 296) of Nālaṭiyār, a Jain work of ancient Tamil literature that is often referred to as Vellalar Vēdham (the sacred scripture of the Vellalar),[26] is dedicated to Perumbidugu Mutharaiyar. They refer to his grand feasts and wealth.[27] Another work called Muttolaayiram which is part of the Tamil anthology lauds the exploits of the Mutharaiyar chieftains.[4] Yet another work that is now lost is the Mutharaiyar kovai which is mentioned in the commentary of Yaapparungalam.[28]

References

  1. ^ a b Burton Stein. All the Kings' Mana Papers on Medieval South Indian History. New Era Publications. p. 39.
  2. ^ a b Mu Aruṇācalam. The Kalabhras in the Pandiya Country and Their Impact on the Life and Letters There. University of Madras. p. 42.
  3. ^ Parmanand Gupta. Geography from Ancient Indian Coins & Seals. Publisher: Concept Publishing Company. p. 24.
  4. ^ a b Anthropological Survey of India. Bulletin, Volume 3, Issue 2. India. Dept. of Anthropology. p. 8.
  5. ^ Ve Pālāmpāḷ (1978). Feudatories of South India, 800-1070 A.D. Chugh Publications. p. 135.
  6. ^ Naṭan̲a Kācinātan̲ (1978). Hero-stones in Tamilnadu. Arun Publications. p. 20.
  7. ^ T. V. Mahalingam. A Topographical List of Inscriptions in the Tamil Nadu and Kerala States. Indian Council of Historical Research. p. 589.
  8. ^ Dharmacandra Jaina, R. K. Sharma (ed.). Jaina Philosophy, Art & Science in Indian Culture. Sharada Publishing House. p. 59.
  9. ^ H.S. Bhatia. Political, Legal And War Philosophy In Ancient India. Deep and Deep Publications, 2001. p. 180.
  10. ^ Gupta, Parmanand (1977). Geographical Names in Ancient Indian Inscriptions. Concept Publishing Company. p. 55.
  11. ^ N. Subrahmanian (1993). Social and cultural history of Tamilnad, Volume 1. Ennes. p. 66.
  12. ^ Parmanand Gupta (1977). Geographical Names in Ancient Indian Inscriptions. Concept Publishing Company. p. 55.
  13. ^ D Dennis Hudson (2008). The Body of God: An Emperor's Palace for Krishna in Eighth-Century Kanchipuram. Oxford University Press. p. 541.
  14. ^ Kesavan Veluthat. The political structure of early medieval South India. Orient Longman, 1993. p. 112.
  15. ^ Kamalakar. G. Temples of Andhradesa Art, Architecture & Iconography : with Special Reference to Renandu (Cuddapah) Region. Sharada Publishing House. p. 14.
  16. ^ Kōrāḍa Mahādēvaśāstri. Historical Grammar of Telugu With Special Reference to Old Telugu, C. 200 B.C.-1000 A.D. Andhra Pradesh, Sri Venkateswara University, Post-Graduate Centre; [copies can be had from: Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati]. p. 354.
  17. ^ Eṃ Kulaśēkhararāvu. A History of Telugu Literature. p. 11.
  18. ^ M. D. Sampath. Chittoor Through the Ages. B.R. Publishing Corporation. p. 16.
  19. ^ K. R. Subramanian. The Origin of Saivism and Its History in the Tamil Land. Asian Educational Services. p. 66.
  20. ^ T. V. Mahalingam. Readings in South Indian History. B.R. Publishing Corporation. p. 63.
  21. ^ T. V. Mahalingam. Kañcipuram in Early South Indian History. Asia Publishing House. p. 192.
  22. ^ S. Sankaranarayanan, S. S. Ramachandra Murthy, B. Rajendra Prasad, D. Kiran Kranth Choudary. Śāṅkaram: recent researches on Indian culture : Professor Srinivasa Sankaranarayanan festchrift. Harman Pub. House, 2000. p. 119.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. ^ Suresh B. Pillai. Introduction to the Study of Temple Art. Equator and Meridian. p. 69.
  24. ISBN 9781743217931
    .
  25. ISBN 9780810864450
    .
  26. ^ M. S. Ramaswami Ayyangar, B. Seshagiri Rao. Studies in South Indian Jainism: South Indian Jainism. Sri Satguru Publications. p. 57.
  27. ^ M. S. Ramaswami Ayyangar, B. Seshagiri Rao (1982). Studies in South Indian Jainism: South Indian Jainism. Sri Satguru Publications. p. 56.
  28. ^ Es Vaiyāpurip Piḷḷai, S. Vaiyapuri Pillai. History of Tamil Language and Literature Beginning to 1000 A. D. New Century Book House. p. 89.
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