Mutulu Shakur
Mutulu Shakur | |
---|---|
Acupuncturist | |
Criminal status | Deceased |
Spouses |
|
Children | 6, including Tupac (stepson) |
Conviction(s) | (18 U.S.C. § 2113) (2 counts) |
Criminal penalty | 60 years' imprisonment |
FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitive | |
Status | |
Added | July 23, 1982 |
Caught | February 12, 1986 |
Number | 380 |
Captured | |
Mutulu Shakur (born Jeral Wayne Williams; August 8, 1950 – July 7, 2023) was a convicted murderer, New African activist, and a member of the Black Liberation Army who was sentenced to sixty years in prison for his involvement in a 1981 robbery of a Brinks armored truck in which a guard and two police officers were murdered.
Shakur was politically active as a teen with the
.Shakur was paroled after serving nearly 37 years of imprisonment, and died about eight months later.[1]
Early life and activism
Shakur was born in
By his late teens, Shakur was politically active with the Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM) and later joined the Republic of New Afrika.[4]
In 1970, Shakur began working with the
Brink's robbery, arrest, and incarceration
Shakur was one of several Black Liberation Army members to carry out the October 1981 robbery of an
Shakur, the alleged ringleader of the group, evaded capture for more than five years and thus was the last one to go on trial on charges related to the robbery. In 1982, Shakur,
Although federal parole was abolished in the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, Shakur's convictions were exempt because the Act's provisions did not apply to crimes committed before November 1987. Under the rules in effect at the time of his offenses, Shakur was due for a mandatory parole determination after serving thirty of his original sixty-year sentence, which came in 2016.[12] However, the United States Parole Commission denied his release in 2016, 2018, and early 2022.[13] In October 2019, Shakur renewed his quest for a reduction of sentence by applying to the sentencing court for compassionate release under the First Step Act, but relief was once again denied.[14]
On November 10, 2022, the Parole Commission reconsidered his case and granted Shakur release on parole effective December 16, 2022, in light of his declining health.[15] Shakur was freed on that date,[16] and died about eight months later.[17]
Personal life
In 1975, he married Afeni Shakur, the mother of Tupac.[18] They had a daughter, Sekyiwa.[19] They divorced in 1982.
In June 2022, it was revealed that Shakur had terminal
See also
External links
- Dope Is Death (79'), by Mia Donovan, a film about the legacy of a 1970s coalition of New York community activists and revolutionaries, including the now-imprisoned Mutulu Shakur, and how they created North America's first acupuncture detox clinic.
- "Dare to Struggle" music compilation's website
- "Tupac's Father to Release CD Honoring Son"—VIBE news article
- Jericho Movement's "Children of Political Prisoners Speak Out," Recorded June 13, 2020 and posted on YouTube on August 24, 2020.
References
- ^ Ellington, Andre (July 7, 2023). "2Pac's Stepfather Mutulu Shakur Reportedly Passes Away". HipHopDX. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
- ^ "Bio –". Retrieved December 22, 2022.
- ^ "Mutulu Shakur". Biography. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
- ^ Adams, Char (July 10, 2023). "Mutulu Shakur, Black liberation activist and stepfather of Tupac, dies at 72". NBC. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
- Amsterdam News, September 1, 2020.
- ^ Acupunture Board. Licensing Detais for: SHAKUR, Mutulu
- ^ Bloom, Madison (July 10, 2023). "Mutulu Shakur, Activist, Acupuncturist, and Stepfather to 2Pac, Dies at 72". Pitchfork. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
- ^ Batson, Bill (October 19, 2021). "Nyack Sketch Log: The Brink's Robbery". NyackNewsandViews.
- ^ "United States of America, Appellant, v. Mutulu Shakur, Appellee, 817 F.2d 189 (2d Cir. 1987)". Justia Law. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
- New York Times. Retrieved October 10, 2008.
- ^ "United States of America v. Shakur, 888 F.2d 234 (2d Cir. 1989) (per curiam)". Justia Law. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
- ^ "28 CFR 2.53 – Mandatory parole". LII / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
- ^ Brinks mastermind Mutulu Shakur denied federal parole after 30 years in prison. By Steve Lieberman. lohud.com, May 29, 2018.
- ^ United States v. Shakur. casetext.com, November 2, 2020.
- ^ Riley, Jason (November 11, 2022). "Mutulu Shakur, Tupac's stepfather, granted release from Kentucky prison as he dies of cancer". WDRB.com. Retrieved November 12, 2022.
- ^ Lieberman, Steve (December 16, 2022). "Brinks murder mastermind Mutulu Shakur, Tupac's stepfather, released from federal prison". Rockland/Westchester Journal News. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
- ^ Ellington, Andre (July 7, 2023). "2Pac's Stepfather Mutulu Shakur Reportedly Passes Away". HipHopDX. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
- Capital XTRA. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
- ^ Balogun, Oyin (December 4, 2019). "Meet Tupac's Half-Sister Sekyiwa Shakur Who Is Now 44 Years Old". AmoMama. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
- ^ "Will a Judge Force Cancer-Stricken Black Elder Mutulu Shakur to Die Behind Bars?". The Intercept. June 22, 2022. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
- ^ "Mutulu Shakur, Black Liberation Movement Elder And Stepfather To Tupac, Dies At 72". NewsOne. Retrieved July 7, 2023.