Mykhailo Hrushevsky
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Mykhailo Hrushevsky | |
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Михайло Грушевський | |
Oleksandr Barvinsky | |
Succeeded by | Stepan Tomashivskyi |
Personal details | |
Born | Mykhailo Serhiiovych Hrushevsky 29 September [ History of Ukraine-Rus' |
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Mykhailo Serhiiovych Hrushevsky
Early life
Hrushevsky was born on 29 September 1866 to a Ukrainian noble family in Kholm (
Historian
In the 2021 Grand Prix for Excellence in Translation, it was said that:
Hrushevsky’s History of Ukraine-Rus’ represented a seismic break from the Russocentric paradigm that had previously driven historiography. Russian imperial domination of political history had sought to entrench a narrative advocating a direct continuity between Rus' and the Suzdalia-Muscovy-Russian Empire — an interpretation of medieval history that, for decades, Western scholarship had fully embraced.[2]
Hrushevsky wrote his first academic book, Bar Starostvo: Historical Notes: XV-XVIII, on the history of
In Hrushevsky's varied historical writings, certain basic ideas come to the fore. Firstly, he saw continuity in Ukrainian history from ancient times to his own. Thus, he claimed the ancient Ukrainian steppe cultures from
On the role of statehood in Hrushevsky's historical thought, contemporary scholars still do not agree. Some believe that Hrushevsky retained a populist mistrust of the state throughout his career and that it was reflected by his deep democratic convictions, but others believe that Hrushevsky gradually became more and more for Ukrainian statehood in his various writings and that to be is reflected in his political work on the construction of a Ukrainian national state, during the revolution in 1917 and 1918.
Hrushevsky’s History of Ukraine-Rus’ represented a seismic break from the Russocentric paradigm that had previously driven historiography
Scholar
As an organiser of scholarship, Hrushevsky oversaw the transformation of the Shevchenko Literary Society, based in the province of Halychyna (
Politician
Before 1917
As a political leader, Hrushevsky first became active in Austrian Halychyna, where he spoke out against Polish political predominance and Ruthenian particularism and supported a national Ukrainian identity that would unite both eastern and western parts of the country. In 1899, he was a cofounder of the Galician-based National Democratic Party, which looked forward to eventual Ukrainian independence. After 1905, Hrushevsky advised the Ukrainian Club in the Russian State Duma, or Parliament.
Ukrainian Revolution
In 1917, Hrushevsky was elected head of the revolutionary parliament, the Ukrainian
Emigration and return to Ukraine
While an émigré, Hrushevsky began to become pro-Bolshevik. Along with other members of the Ukrainian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries, he formed the Foreign Delegation of the Ukrainian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries, which advocated reconciliation with the Bolshevik government. Though the group was critical of the Bolsheviks, especially because of their centralism and repressive activities in Ukraine, it felt that the criticisms had to be put aside because the Bolsheviks were the leaders of the international revolution. Hrushevsky and his group petitioned the
Later life and death
Back in Ukraine, Hrushevsky concentrated on academic work. Above all, he continued writing his monumental History of Ukraine-Rusʹ. Although political conditions prevented his return to public politics, he was caught up in the Stalinist purge of the Ukrainian intelligentsia. In 1931, after a long campaign against Hrushevsky in the Soviet press, he was exiled to Moscow, where his health deteriorated due to difficult conditions and persecution.[6] In 1934, while vacationing at the Academy of Sciences resort in Kislovodsk in the Caucasus,[7] he died soon after a routine minor surgery at the age of 68. He was buried at the Baikove Cemetery in Kyiv.[6]
At the time of his death, he was being shadowed by the Soviet GPU secret police after reports (probably fabricated by the GPU in Ukraine) were sent to Moscow that had been considering defection to the West, and afterwards the government resolution and approval of his official obituary were published remarkably promptly, as if already prepared: the suspicious circumstances effectively made him a martyr for the Ukrainian cause.[7]
Legacy
Hrushevsky is presently regarded as Ukraine's greatest 20th-century scholar and one of the most prominent Ukrainian statesmen in Ukraine's history, and he is still famous in Ukraine.
Hrushevsky's portrait appears on the 50 hryvnia note. A museum in Kyiv and another in Lviv are devoted to his memory, and monuments to him have been erected in both cities. A street in Kyiv bears his name and houses the Verkhovna Rada (parliament) and many governmental offices. The Ukrainian Academy of Sciences recently initiated the publication of his Collected Works, in 50 volumes.
Family
Mykhailo Hrushevsky had two siblings: a brother, Oleksandr, and a sister, Hanna.
- Oleksandr Hrushevsky (1877–1943) was married to Olha Hrushevska (Parfenenko) (1876–1961).
- Hanna Shamraieva had two children, Serhii and Olha.
His wife, Maria-Ivanna Hrushevska (November 8, 1868 – September 19, 1948), was from 1917 was a member of the Central Rada and a treasurer for the Ukrainian National Theatre.
Bibliography
- Hrushevsky, M., Bar Starostvo: Historical Notes: XV-XVIII, St. Volodymyr University Publishing House, Velyka-Vasyl'kivska, Building no. 29-31, Kyiv, Ukraine, 1894; Lviv, Ukraine, ISBN 978-5-12-004335-9, pp. 1 – 623, 1996.
Notes
- standard romanization
References
- ^ "1917 - засідання Української Центральної Ради, яке очолив Михайло Грушевський" [1917 – a meeting of the Ukrainian Central Rada, chaired by Mykhailo Hrushevskyi] (in Ukrainian). Ukrainian Institute of National Memory (UIMP). Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ^ Press, Ian. "History of Ukraine-Rus' Volume 2". Peterson Literary Fund.
- ISBN 978-5-12-004335-9, pp. 1 – 623, 1996.
- ^ Michaelo, Hrushevsky (17 February 1918). "Ukraine's Struggle for Self-Government". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
- ^ Christopher Gilley, ‘The “Change of Signposts” in the Ukrainian emigration: Mykhailo Hrushevskyi and the Foreign Delegation of the Ukrainian Party of Socialist Revolutionaries’, Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, Vol. 54, 2006, No. 3, pp. 345-74
- ^ a b Ohloblyn, Oleksander; Wynar, Lubomyr. "Hrushevsky, Mykhailo". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
- ^ OCLC 879109029.
- ^ "National bank of Ukraine. Banknotes. 50 UAH. Portrait details". March 2017.
- Sociological group "RATING"(2012/05/28)
- ^ Top 11-100 Archived 2013-03-24 at the Wayback Machine, Velyki Ukraïntsi
- ISBN 978-0-19-530546-3
Further reading
- Dmytro Doroshenko, "A Survey of Ukrainian Historiography," Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the US, V-VI, 4 (1957), 262-74: online.
- Thomas M. Prymak, Mykhailo Hrushevsky: The Politics of National Culture (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987). ISBN 978-0-8020-5737-2.
- Lubomyr R. Wynar, Mykhailo Hrushevsky: Ukrainian-Russian Confrontation in Historiography (Toronto-New York-Munich: Ukrainian Historical Association, 1988).
- Thomas M. Prymak, "Mykhailo Hrushevsky in History and Legend," Ukrainian Quarterly,LX, 3-4 (2004), pp. 216–30. A brief summary of this author's views.
- Serhii Plokhy, Unmaking Imperial Russia: Mykhailo Hrushevsky and the Writing of Ukrainian History (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005). ISBN 978-0-8020-3937-8.
- Pyrig, Ruslan. Mykhailo Grushevsky and the Bolshevik Rule: The Price of Compromises in
- Christopher Gilley, The 'Change of Signposts' in the Ukrainian Emigration. A Contribution to the History of Sovietophilism in the 1920s, Ibidem: Stuttgart, 2009, Chapter 4.
External links
- Collection of Hrushevsky's Works at the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies press Archived 27 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine
- Oleksander Ohloblyn, Lubomyr Wynar. Hrushevsky, Mykhailo in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol. 2 (1989).
- Works by Mykhailo Hrushevsky at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- Yershova, O. Unknown Ukraine: Mykhailo Hrushevsky. Film 86. "Kyivnaukfilm", 1993.