Mysore
Mysore | |
---|---|
Metropolitan City | |
Mysuru | |
Nicknames: Heritage City, City of Palaces, The Cultural capital of Karnataka, Sandalwood City,[1] City of Jasmine | |
Coordinates: 12°18′31″N 76°39′11″E / 12.30861°N 76.65306°E | |
Country | India |
State | MYS |
Official language | Kannada[4] |
Website | www |
Mysore (/maɪˈsɔːr/ ⓘ my-SOR), officially Mysuru (Kannada: [ˈmaɪˈsuːɾu] ⓘ), is the second-most populous city in the southern Indian state of Karnataka.[5] It is the headquarters of Mysore district and Mysore division. As the traditional seat of the Wadiyar dynasty, the city functioned as the capital of the Kingdom of Mysore for almost six centuries (1399 to 1947). Known for its heritage structures, palaces (such as the famous Mysore Palace), and its culture, Mysore has been called the "City of Palaces", the "Heritage City",[6] and the "Cultural Capital of Karnataka".[7] It is one of the cleanest cities in India according to the Swachh Survekshan.
Mysore is situated at the foothills of the Chamundi Hills. At an altitude of 770 m (2,530 ft) above mean sea level, the city of Mysore is geographically located at 12° 18′ 26″ north latitude and 76° 38′ 59″ east longitude. It is about 140 km (87.0 mi) southwest of the state's capital, Bangalore, and spreads across an area of 156 km2 (60 sq mi)(City + neighbouring census towns).[8] The population of the city combined with its neighbouring towns in its metropolitan area is about 1,288,000 in 2023.[9]
Most of the city's development during modern times could be attributed to the maharajas of Mysore and the Wadiyar dynasty, who were patrons of art and culture. Hyder Ali and Tipu, when they were briefly in power in succession, also contributed significantly to the economic growth of the city and the kingdom by planting mulberry trees and silk in the region, and fighting four wars against the British. In present days, the Mysore City Corporation is responsible for the civic administration of the city.
During the
Etymology
The name Mysore is an anglicised form of Mahiṣūru,
In December 2005, the Government of Karnataka announced its intention to change the English name of the city to Mysuru.[14] This was approved by the Government of India in October 2014, and Mysore was officially renamed, along with twelve other cities, on 1 November 2014.[15][16][17][18]
History
The site where
The kingdom reached the height of its military power and dominion in the latter half of the 18th century, under the de facto rulers
In 1876–77, towards the end of the period of direct British rule, Mysore suffered from the
Until the independence of
Over the years, Mysore became well known as a centre for tourism; the city remained largely peaceful, except for occasional riots related to the
Geography
Area and extent
Mysore is located at 12°18′N 74°39′E / 12.30°N 74.65°E and has an average altitude of 770 metres (2,526 ft).
Climate
Mysore has a
Climate data for Mysore (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 32.8 (91.0) |
36.1 (97.0) |
37.8 (100.0) |
39.4 (102.9) |
39.0 (102.2) |
37.4 (99.3) |
35.8 (96.4) |
33.9 (93.0) |
33.5 (92.3) |
35.0 (95.0) |
32.2 (90.0) |
32.0 (89.6) |
39.4 (102.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.9 (84.0) |
31.1 (88.0) |
33.3 (91.9) |
34.2 (93.6) |
33.4 (92.1) |
29.7 (85.5) |
28.5 (83.3) |
28.3 (82.9) |
29.4 (84.9) |
29.1 (84.4) |
28.5 (83.3) |
28.0 (82.4) |
30.2 (86.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16.3 (61.3) |
17.5 (63.5) |
19.4 (66.9) |
20.9 (69.6) |
21.0 (69.8) |
20.1 (68.2) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.7 (67.5) |
18.6 (65.5) |
16.8 (62.2) |
19.1 (66.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | 7.7 (45.9) |
8.6 (47.5) |
10.4 (50.7) |
14.9 (58.8) |
15.6 (60.1) |
12.6 (54.7) |
15.8 (60.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
13.4 (56.1) |
12.2 (54.0) |
9.6 (49.3) |
8.7 (47.7) |
7.7 (45.9) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 1.5 (0.06) |
2.9 (0.11) |
9.8 (0.39) |
70.6 (2.78) |
114.9 (4.52) |
74.6 (2.94) |
80.3 (3.16) |
88.4 (3.48) |
110.7 (4.36) |
164.5 (6.48) |
64.9 (2.56) |
15.7 (0.62) |
798.6 (31.44) |
Average rainy days | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 3.9 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 8.0 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 8.8 | 4.3 | 1.3 | 55.2 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST )
|
49 | 47 | 43 | 49 | 58 | 71 | 74 | 73 | 70 | 69 | 66 | 60 | 61 |
Average ultraviolet index | 10 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 12 |
Source 1: India Meteorological Department[44][45] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Weather Atlas[46] |
Rainfall
As per Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre, Mysore taluk has been divided into 4 hoblis. In 2022, the rainfall received by these hoblis are as follows:
- Mysore - 1,358 millimetres (53.5 in)
- Elivala - 1,257 millimetres (49.5 in)
- Jayapura - 1,405 millimetres (55.3 in)
- Varuna - 1,383 millimetres (54.4 in) [47]
Overall, Mysore taluk received 67% of excess rainfall in the year 2022.
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1891 | 74,648 | — |
1901 | 68,111 | −8.8% |
1911 | 71,306 | +4.7% |
1921 | 83,951 | +17.7% |
1931 | 107,142 | +27.6% |
1941 | 150,540 | +40.5% |
1951 | 244,323 | +62.3% |
1961 | 253,865 | +3.9% |
1971 | 355,685 | +40.1% |
1981 | 479,081 | +34.7% |
1991 | 653,345 | +36.4% |
2001 | 799,228 | +22.3% |
2011 | 990,900 | +24.0% |
2021 | 1,261,000 | +27.3% |
Source: Census of India[48][49] |
As of 2011[update], Mysore city had an estimated population of 920,550 consisting of 461,042 males and 459,508 females, making it the third most populous city in Karnataka
The residents of the city are known as Mysoreans in English and Mysoorinavaru in Kannada. The dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu over the sharing of Kaveri river water often leads to minor altercations and demonstrations in the city.[65] Growth in the information technology industry in Mysore has led to a change in the city's demographic profile; likely strains on the infrastructure and haphazard growth of the city resulting from the demographic change have been a cause of concern for some of its citizens.[66]
Administration and utilities
The civic administration of the city is managed by the Mysore City Corporation, which was established as a municipality in 1888 and converted into a corporation in 1977. Overseeing engineering works, health, sanitation, water supply, administration and taxation, the corporation is headed by a Mayor, who is assisted by commissioners and council members.[40]: 43 The city is divided into 65 wards and the council members (also known as corporators) are elected by the citizens of Mysore every five years.[67] The council members, in turn, elect the mayor. The annual budget of the corporation for the year 2011–2012 was ₹4.27 billion (equivalent to ₹8.8 billion or US$110 million in 2023).[68] Among 63 cities covered under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, Mysore City Corporation was adjudged the second best city municipal corporation and was given the "Nagara Ratna" award in 2011.[69]
Urban growth and expansion is managed by the
Drinking water for Mysore is sourced from the
The citizens of Mysore elect five representatives to the
Economy
Tourism and IT are the major industries in Mysore. The city attracted about 3.15 million tourists in 2010.[77] Mysore has traditionally been home to industries such as weaving, sandalwood carving, bronze work and the production of lime and salt.[78] It has many big IT companies like Infosys and Wipro. The planned industrial growth of the city and the state was first envisaged at the Mysore economic conference in 1911.[78][79] This led to the establishment of industries such as the Mysore Sandalwood Oil Factory in 1917 and the Sri Krishnarajendra Mills in 1920.[80]: 270, 278 Mysore has emerged as an industrial hub in Karnataka next to Bangalore. Mysore is part of the Bidar-Mysore Industrial Corridor. Major drivers of the economy are tourism, finance, manufacturing and industry which includes chemicals, petrochemicals, machinery, automobile, engineering, textiles and food processing sectors. A new industrial corridor plan is underway between Mysore and Bangalore.[81]
For the industrial development of the city, the Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board (KIADB) has established four industrial areas in and around Mysore, in the Belagola, Belawadi, Hebbal and Hootagalli areas.[82] One of the major industrial areas near Mysore is Nanjangud which will be a satellite town to Mysore. Nanjangud industrial area hosts a number of industries like AT&S India Pvt Ltd, Nestle India ltd, Reid and Taylor, Jubiliant, TVS, and Asian Paints. Nanjangud Industrial area also boasts being 2nd highest VAT / Sales Taxpayer which is more than ₹4 billion (US$50 million) after Peenya which is in state capital Bangalore. JK Tyre has its manufacturing facility in Mysore.[83] The city has emerged as a hub of automobile industries in Karnataka.
The major software companies in Mysore are
Mysore also hosts many central government organisations like CFTRI, DFRL, CIPET, BEML,[89] RMP (Rare Material Project), RBI Note printing Press and RBI Paper Printing Press.
Culture
Referred to as the cultural capital of Karnataka, Mysore is well known for the festivities that take place during the period of
Mysore is called the City of Palaces because of several ornate examples in the city. Among the most notable are
The
Mysore is the location of the International Ganjifa Research Centre, which researches the ancient card game Ganjifa and the art associated with it.[96] The Chamarajendra Academy of Visual Arts (CAVA) offers education in visual art forms such as painting, graphics, sculpture, applied art, photography, photojournalism and art history. The Rangayana repertory company performs plays and offers certificate courses in subjects related to theatre.[97][98] Kannada writers Kuvempu, Gopalakrishna Adiga and U. R. Ananthamurthy were educated in Mysore and served as professors at the Mysore University.[99] R. K. Narayan, a popular English-language novelist and creator of the fictional town of Malgudi, and his cartoonist brother R. K. Laxman spent much of their life in Mysore.[100]
Tourism
Mysore is a major tourist destination in its own right and serves as a base for other tourist attractions in the vicinity.
The Mysore Zoo, established in 1892,
A short distance from Mysore city is the neighbouring Mandya District's
Transport
Road
Mysore is connected by
Trin Trin PBS
A public bicycle-sharing system, Trin Trin, funded partially by the United Nations is popular mode of transport.[116] It is a government project. It is the first public bike-sharing system throughout India. The key objective of Trin Trin is to encourage local commuters, as well as visitors, to use the bicycle in preference to motorised modes of travel and thereby help scale down the multifarious environmental and road-traffic hazards, enhance conveyance convenience, and make local daily commutes economical for the common citizen.[117]
Rail
Air
Mysore Airport is a domestic airport and is located near the village of Mandakalli, 10 kilometres 10 km (6 mi) south of the centre of the city.[125] It was built by the kings of Mysore in early 1940s.[126] Mysore Airport currently serves the city of Mysore and is connected to multiple domestic locations including Chennai[127] and Hyderabad. The current runway is not able to handle big flights and hence a runway expansion is about to take place expanding the runway from 1.7 km to 2.8 km and will be upgraded to international airport after the expansion.[128] The nearest International airport is Bangalore Airport.
Education
Before the advent of the European system of education in Mysore,
The education system was enhanced by the establishment of the
Universities
Established | University | Type | Level | Specialisation |
---|---|---|---|---|
1916 | University of Mysore | Public | Undergraduate, Post-Graduate, and Doctoral Research | Multi-disciplinary |
2008 | JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research | Private | ||
1948 | National Institute of Engineering | Private | ||
2016 | JSS Science and Technology University | Private | ||
1996 | Karnataka State Open University | Public | ||
2008 | Karnataka State Music University
|
Public | Undergraduate and Post-Graduate | Music |
Autonomous institutes
Established | Institute | Type | Commissioning Body/Affiliation | Level | Specialisation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1992 | Mahajana Law College | Private | Affiliated to Mysore University
|
Undergraduate, LLB | Law |
1924 | Mysore Medical College & Research Institute | Public | Affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences | Undergraduate, graduate, post-graduate, and doctoral research | Medicine |
1928 | Yuvaraja's College, Mysore | Public | University of Mysore | Basic Science
| |
1946 | National Institute of Engineering | Government-aided private | Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University | Undergraduate, post-graduate | Engineering |
1950 | Central Food Technological Research Institute | Public | Set up by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | Research and development | Food technology |
1961 | Defence Food Research Laboratory | Set up by the Defence Research and Development Organisation | Defence and contingency food technology | ||
1963 | Regional Institute of Education, Mysore (NCERT) | Government | Affiliated to University of Mysore | Undergraduate, Post-graduate and Research in the field of Teacher Education | Educational Training and Research |
1963 | Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering | Government-aided private | Affiliated to JSS Science and Technology University and All India Council for Technical Education | Undergraduate, graduate, post-graduate, and doctoral research | Engineering and Science |
1966 | All India Institute of Speech and Hearing | Public | Commissioned by the Central Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
|
Audiology, speech, and hearing | |
1984 | JSS Medical College | Private | JSS University
|
Medicine | |
1945 | Sarada Vilas College | Private | Affiliated to Mysore University | Undergraduate, Graduate, LLB, Pharmacy | Educational |
1997 | Vidya Vardhaka College of Engineering
|
Private | Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University | Undergraduate, Post Graduate, Research and Development | Engineering |
Media
Newspaper publishing in Mysore started in 1859 when Bhashyam Bhashyacharya began publishing a weekly newspaper in Kannada called the Mysooru Vrittanta Bodhini,[136] the first of a number of weekly newspapers published in the following three decades.[136] A well-known Mysore publisher during Wodeyar rule was M. Venkatakrishnaiah, known as the father of Kannada journalism, who started several news magazines.[137] Many local newspapers are published in Mysore and carry news mostly related to the city and its surroundings,[138] and national and regional dailies in English and Kannada are available, as in the other parts of the state. Sudharma, the only Indian daily newspaper in Sanskrit, is published in Mysore.[139]
Mysore was the location of the first private radio broadcasting station in India when Akashavani (voice from the sky) was established in the city on 10 September 1935 by M.V. Gopalaswamy, a professor of psychology, at his house in the Vontikoppal area of Mysore, using a 50-watt transmitter.
Mysore started receiving television broadcasts in the early 1980s, when
Sports
The Wodeyar kings of Mysore were patrons of games and sports. King Krishnaraja Wodeyar III had a passion for indoor games. He invented new board games and popularised the ganjifa card game.[146] Malla-yuddha (traditional wrestling) has a history in Mysore dating back to the 16th century.[147] The wrestling competition held in Mysore during the Dasara celebrations attracts wrestlers from all over India. An annual sports meeting is organised there during the Dasara season too.[148]
In 1997 Mysore and Bangalore co-hosted the city's biggest sports event ever, the
Notable people
- Srimushnam Srinivasa Murthy (1923–2009), Gandhian Freedom Fighter and Kannada writer
Sister cities
- Cincinnati, Ohio, United States (2012)[160][161][162]
- Nashua, New Hampshire, United States (2016)[163][164]
See also
- C V Rangacharlu Memorial Hall
- List of Heritage Buildings in Mysore
- List of million-plus cities in India
- Maharaja of Mysore
- Mahisha Kingdom
- Mysore Dasara
- Mysore Kingdom
- Tourist attractions in Mysore
- Mysore Sandal Soap
- Vijayanagara Kingdom
- Mysuru Local Planning Area
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