Nördlingen
Nördlingen | |
---|---|
Location of Nördlingen within Donau-Ries district | |
Donau-Ries | |
Government | |
• Lord mayor (2020–26) | David Wittner[1] |
Area | |
• Total | 68.10 km2 (26.29 sq mi) |
Elevation | 441 m (1,447 ft) |
Population (2022-12-31)[2] | |
• Total | 21,009 |
• Density | 310/km2 (800/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal codes | 86720 |
Dialling codes | 09081 |
Vehicle registration | DON, NÖ |
Website | www.noerdlingen.de |
Nördlingen (German: [ˈnœʁt.lɪŋ.ən] ⓘ; Swabian: Nearle or Nearleng) is a town in the Donau-Ries district, in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, with a population of approximately 20,674. It is located approximately 115 km (71 mi) east of Stuttgart, and 145 km (90 mi) northwest of Munich. It was built in an impact crater 15 million years old and 25 km in diameter—the Nördlinger Ries—of a meteorite which hit with an estimated speed of 70,000 km/h, and left the area riddled with an estimated 72,000 tons of micro-diamonds.[3]
Nördlingen was first mentioned in
.Another attraction in the town is Saint George's Church's 90-metre (300 ft) steeple, called "Daniel", which is made of a
The city is home to several other museums, such as the Bavarian Railway Museum, the Nördlingen city museum (Stadtmuseum), the city wall museum (Stadtmauermuseum) and Augenblick museum. The latter has panoramas, magic lanterns, silent films, barrel organs, pianolas, music boxes and gramophones.
Nördlingen is also known for the Scharlachrennen (Scarlet Race), a horse race tournament that was first mentioned in 1463. Since World War II, it has expanded to include eventing, jumping and dressage.
History
Prehistory and Celtic period
Finds in the
Roman Empire
The area which includes present-day Nördlingen was part of the Roman province of Raetia,[7] but little research has been conducted on the city's Roman period. A Roman villa has been excavated in the district of Holheim, and can be visited today. Another villa with an adjoining burial ground has been identified in the Baldingen district. A settlement (vicus), built in 85 C.E., occupied the southern part of the city until 259–260 C.E., when it was destroyed during the conquest of what is now southern Germany by the Germanic-speaking Alemanni tribes. The Roman settlement may have been the one known as Septemiacum, which is supposed to have been built between 80-300 C.E.,[8] although it is possible that this particular settlement was actually located at a different site such as Oberdorf,[9] leaving the name of the settlement at Nördlingen uncertain.
Middle Ages
The
In 1215, Nördlingen was granted city rights by
In 1238, a fire destroyed much of Nördlingen, but the city quickly recovered. Three generations later, a large number of craftsmen, especially tanners and weavers, settled outside the city walls. In 1327 the present-day circular wall was built, which increased the size of the walled portion of the city fourfold. 1427 saw the start of construction on St. George's Church.
In the year 1472 the court case against the brothel owners Linhardt Freiermuth and his wife Barbara Taschenfeind is recorded in the city's court records. The starting point of the trial was the charge of forced abortion on the prostitute Els von Eystett. The court convicted the owners and banished the husband from the city. His wife was branded on the forehead and pilloried. The associated 40 parchment pages in the Nördlingen city archives give unique insight into the conditions of a brothel in this time period.
Early modern period
In 1529, the city was part of the
The witch trials in the early modern period in Nördlingen have been well documented. Between 1589 and 1598, 34 women and one man were burned at the stake for the crime of witchcraft, and one co-defendant midwife, Barbara Lierheimer, died while in custody. The trials of Maria Holl and Rebecca Lemp became especially well-known.[10] In 1589, Pastor Wilhelm Friedrich Lutz delivered sermons against the radical witch persecution of Nördlingen City Council, prior to the Council's execution of the first alleged witches in May 1590. One of the three women executed in that year was a carter's daughter, Ursula Haider, who was arrested on 8 November 1589 and burned on 15 May 1590. The trial of Ursula Haider was by described by Ulrike Haß in her book Teufelstanz.
It is often said that in 1604 a shortened and simplified version of
Nördlingen served as the site of two historic battles, and marked a turning point in the
As a result of the
Modern period
On May 15, 1849, Nördlingen was connected to the network of the Royal Bavarian State Railways. In that same year, the first rail lines opened to Nuremberg. A third railway connection, under the leadership of the Royal Württemberg State Railways, was opened on 3 October 1863 to Aalen.
During the
Since the Middle Ages,
In the course of the municipal reorganization of Bavaria, Nördlingen lost its status as a city on July 1, 1972 and was incorporated into the newly formed district Nördlingen-Donauwörth, which received its current name, Donau-Ries, on May 1, 1973.
Mayors
Name | Term of office |
---|---|
Wilhelm Brunco | 1914–1916 |
Otto Mainer | 1916–1927 |
Wilhelm Hausmann | 1927–1939 |
Heinrich Schulz | 1939–1941 |
Eugen Einberger | 1941–1944 |
Paul Söldner | 1945–1946 |
Josef Feil | 1946–1948 |
Johannes Weinberger | 1948–1964 |
Hermann Keßler | 1964–1982 |
Paul Kling | 1982–2006 |
Hermann Faul | 2006–2020 |
David Wittner | 2020– |
Economy
Important companies in Nördlingen are:
- C.H. Beck – book publisher
- Varta – battery manufacturer
- Maierbier – brewery
Nördlingen has a station on the Augsburg–Nördlingen railway and the Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt–Nördlingen railway, which are served hourly on weekdays.
Sport
The local sports club, the TSV 1861 Nördlingen, has a very successful basketball department with the men's and the women's team both in the Basketball Bundesliga. The clubs football team is traditionally the strongest side in northern Swabia. Its most successful former player is Gerd Müller, who was born and raised in Nördlingen. Its stadium was renamed in his honour in 2008.
Impact diamonds
Stone buildings in the town contain millions of tiny
In popular culture
Aerial scenes at the end of Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory from 1971 were filmed here.
The main setting of multiple anime are based on Nördlingen, such as Princess Tutu and Attack on Titan.
Twin towns – sister cities
Nördlingen is twinned with:[13]
- Markham, Canada
- Wagga Wagga, Australia
- Riom, France
- Olomouc, Czech Republic
Notable people
- Friedrich Herlin (1425/1430–1500), painter
- Bartholomäus Zeitblom (c. 1455 – c. 1518), painter
- Karl Heinrich Ritter von Lang (1764 at Balgheim – 1835), an historian and statesman.[14]
- Albrecht Adam (1786–1862), war artist
- Heinrich Adam (1787–1862), painter, member of the painter family Adam from Nördlingen
- Johann Michael Voltz (1784–1858), graphic artist and painter
- Friedrich Voltz (1817–1886), painter
- Robert Beyschlag (1838-1903), painter
- Otto Förschner (1902–1946), SS commander and a Nazi concentration camp official executed for war crimes
- Christel House International
- Gerd Müller (1945-2021), football player and coach
- Anton Meyer (born 1955), economist and professor of business administration
- Sabine Haubitz(born 1959), art photographer
- Michael Lutz (born 1982), footballer
- Frank Kechele (born 1986), racing driver
- Stefan Rieß (born 1988), footballer
- Steffen Lang (born 1993), footballer
See also
- Rintfleisch-Pogrom
- Master of Nördlingen, whose name is derived from the town
- Henry of Nördlingen
- Herkheim, a community within Nördlingen
References
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (July 2013) |
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik, 15 July 2021.
- ^ Genesis Online-Datenbank des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Statistik Tabelle 12411-003r Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes: Gemeinden, Stichtag (Einwohnerzahlen auf Grundlage des Zensus 2011)
- ^ a b "The ancient town with a history from outer space". BBC. 2 March 2020.
- ^ Oliva, Martin (2005). Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Moravia. Moravian Museum. p. 112.
- ^ ISBN 0521347947.
- ISBN 0521449200.
- ^ "Septemiacum (Nördlingen) - Vici.org". Retrieved 1 December 2022.
- ISBN 3937872116, 9783937872117. 594 pages.
- ^ Bender, H. (9 June 2017). "Places: 123119 (Septemiacum)". Pleiades. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-07-23. Retrieved 2018-08-19.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ISBN 978-0-521-79711-5, p. 176
- ^ Oppitz-Trotman, George. (2015). Romeo and Juliet in German, 1603-1604" Notes and Queries 260: 96–98.
- ^ "Partnerstädte". noerdlingen.de (in German). Nördlingen. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
- ^ Hashagen, Justus (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). pp. 171–172. .
Further reading
- Emsley, John (2001). NATURE'S BUILDING BLOCKS. ISBN 0-19-850341-5.
- Baier, Johannes (2007): Die Ausfwurfprodukte des Ries-Impakts, Deutschland, 'in Documenta Naturae, Vol. 162, München. ISBN 978-3-86544-162-1
- Baier, Johannes (2008): Zur Herkunft der Suevit-Grundmasse des Ries-Impakt Kraters, in Documenta Naturae, Vol. 172, München. ISSN 0723-8428
- Theodor Heuss: Reiz biedermeierhafter Idylle. Besuch in Nördlingen. In: Die romantische Straße. Merian, 7. Jg., Heft 12/1954, S. 34–41.
- Wolfgang Kootz (Text), Willi Sauer, Ulrich Strauch u. a. (Fotos): Nördlingen im Ries an der Romantischen Straße, Stadtführer mit 90 Farbbildern, Kraichgau Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-929228-47-2.
- Dietlof Reiche: Der Bleisiegelfälscher. Beltz & Gelberg, 1998, ISBN 978-3-407-78781-1(Historischer Roman, ausgezeichnet mit dem Kinder- und Jugendbuchpreis der Stadt Oldenburg 1977 und mit dem Deutschen Jugendbuchpreis 1978. In diesem Jugendbuch wird die mittelalterliche Situation der Nördlinger Lodenweber sehr eingehend beschrieben.)
- Dietlof Reiche: Die Hexenakte. Carl Hanser, 2007, ISBN 978-3-423-62387-2(Historischer Roman (Jugendroman) zur Hexenverbrennung und -verfolgung in Nördlingen; beruht auf der Geschichte Reiches eigener Vorfahrin).
- VII. 90/2: Bernd Vollmar, Georg Paula, Catharina Kociumaka: Stadt Nördlingen, mit Beiträgen von ISBN 3-87490-578-0.
- Wolfgang Wüst: Wider Gotteslästerung, Unkeuschheit, Ehebruch, Neid, Hass und Aufruhr – Policey und Zucht in Nördlingen im Jahre 1542/43. In: Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins für Schwaben (=ZHVS) 109 (2017), ISBN 978-3-95786-110-8, S. 167–187.
- Gustav Adolf Zipperer: Wege durchs Ries. Ein Wanderführer. Fränkisch-Schwäbischer Heimatverlag, Donauwörth 1975.
External links
- Homepage (in German)
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 741–742. .
- Encyclopedia Americana. 1920. .