N. T. Rama Rao

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N. T. Rama Rao
Nedurumalli Janardhana Reddy
  • Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy
  • Preceded byMogaligundla Baga Reddy
    Succeeded byP. Janardhan Reddy
    Member of Legislative Assembly
    Andhra Pradesh
    In office
    1985–1996
    Preceded byPamishetty Ranganayakulu
    Succeeded byNandamuri Harikrishna
    ConstituencyHindupuram
    In office
    1983–1985
    Preceded byKatari Satyanarayana Rao
    Succeeded byRaavi Sobhanadri Chowdary
    Constituency Gudivada
    1st President of Telugu Desam Party
    In office
    29 March 1982 – 1 September 1995
    General SecretaryN. Chandrababu Naidu
    Preceded byPosition Established
    Succeeded byN. Chandrababu Naidu
    Personal details
    Born(1923-05-28)28 May 1923
    National Front
    (1989–1996)
    Spouses
    • Nandamuri Basavatarakam
      (m. 1942; died 1985)
    • (m. 1993)
    SignatureNTR's signature

    Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (28 May 1923 – 18 January 1996),

    Seetharama Kalyanam (1960) under National Art Theater, Madras,[4] and for directing Varakatnam (1970).[5] Known for his breakthrough performances in Raju Peda (1954) and Lava Kusa (1963),[6][7][8] Rao garnered the Nandi Award for Best Actor for Kodalu Diddina Kapuram in 1970, and the Inaugural Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu in 1972 for Badi Panthulu.[6][8]

    Rama Rao made his debut as an actor in a

    CNN-IBN national poll conducted in 2013 on the occasion of the Centenary of Indian Cinema.[15][16][17]

    He starred in such films as

    Rao was awarded the

    National Front, a coalition of non-Congress parties which governed India from 1989 until 1990.[25]

    Early life

    Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao was born in a

    British India. He was given in adoption to his paternal uncle because his uncle and aunt were childless.[26] He was first educated by a teacher who came from a nearby village, whom he would attribute his command of Telugu to, as well as his father, an aspiring thespian and patron of the arts.[27] Although children were normally pulled out of school after completing their primary education, on account of being the first male child in the family, his father sent him to Vijayawada, where he continued his education, matriculating in 1940 before studying at SRR & CVR College and completed a bachelor's degree from Andhra Christian College in Guntur. .[28] After qualifying for the civil service in what was then the Madras Presidency under British India, he took a job as a sub-registrar in Madras Service Commission at Mangalagiri, northeast of Guntur, a much-coveted job that he nevertheless quit within three weeks to pursue a career in acting.[29][30] He developed a baritone singing voice as a young man.[9]

    Personal life

    In May 1943, at the age of 20, while still pursuing his Intermediate, Rao was married to Smt. Basava Rama Tarakam, the daughter of his maternal uncle. The marriage resulted in twelve children; including eight sons and four daughters, namely: Ramakrishna Sr., Jayakrishna, Saikrishna, Harikrishna, Mohanakrishna, Balakrishna, Ramakrishna Jr., Jayashankarakrishna, Garapati Lokeswari (daughter), Daggubati Purandeswari (daughter), Nara Bhuvaneswari (daughter), and Kantamaneni Umamaheswari (daughter).[31]

    Smt. Basava Tarakam died of cancer[32] in 1985. In her memory, Rao established the Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital in Hyderabad in 1986.[33] In 1993, NTR married Lakshmi Parvathi, a Telugu writer.[34] The marriage was childless and lasted until NTR's death less than three years later. Parvati was the author of NTR's two-volume biography published in 2004. The first volume, Eduruleni Manishi (transl. Unstoppable person), covers his childhood and his entry into films. The second volume, Telugu Tejam (transl. The radiance of Telugu), deals with his political career.[35][36]

    NTR's eldest son, Nandamuri Ramakrishna Sr., died in 1962, 1944-1962 soon after Rao completed shooting of the film

    diabetic complications.[40] His fourth son, Nandamuri Harikrishna, who died in a car accident on 29 August 2018, was a child actor-turned-politician elected to the Rajya Sabha, representing the TDP. Harikrishna's sons Nandamuri Kalyan Ram and N. T. Rama Rao Jr. are also actors in the Telugu cinema, with the latter being one of the leading actors in Tollywood since the early-2000s.[41] NTR's fifth son Nandamuri Mohana Krishna is a cinematographer, and his son Taraka Ratna was also an actor who died in 2023.[42][43] NTR's sixth son, Nandamuri Balakrishna, has been one of the leading actors in Tollywood since the mid-1980s. He also started his career as a child artist. Balakrishna contested 2014 assembly elections as a TDP candidate.[44]
    He won the Hindupur Assembly Constituency. His seventh son, Nandamuri Ramakrishna Jr. is a film producer.

    NTR's third daughter, Bhuvaneshwari, is the wife of former chief minister

    Nara Chandrababu Naidu. NTR's second daughter, Daggubati Purandeswari, is a widely respected politician, who has represented the Indian National Congress in the Lok Sabha and served as a Union Minister. She later shifted her allegiance to the Bharatiya Janata Party.[45][46] NTR's fourth and youngest daughter, Uma Maheswari, was found dead at her home in Hyderabad's Jubilee Hills
    on 1 August 2022. According to Police, her death appears to be an instance of suicide, but no suicide note was found.

    Film career

    Rao portraying Girisam character in Kanyasulkam (1955)

    Rama Rao started his film career with a walk-on role as a policeman in

    Bheeshma, Arjuna, Karna and Duryodhana
    .

    Nandamuri Taraka Ramarao in Pathala Bhairavi (1951)

    Later in his career, he stopped playing a prince in his commercial films and began to play roles of a poor yet heroic young man fighting against the existing system. These films appealed to the sentiments of the common man. Some of these films are

    biopic on the Telugu poet Srinatha
    , which released in 1993.

    In the later half of his career, Rao became a

    Ramakrishna Studios, Hyderabad. He actively campaigned for the construction of a large number of cinemas through this production house.[49] He was influential in designing and implementing a financial system that funded the production and distribution of movies.[50] He was so dedicated to his profession that he would often learn new things in order to portray a particular character on-screen perfectly and realistically. At the age of 40, he learnt dance from the renowned Kuchipudi dancer Vempati Chinna Satyam for his role in the film Nartanasala (1963).[51]

    Political career

    Naadendla Bhaskara Rao, a veteran politician joined

    Hyderabad. He said that this decision was based on a historic need to rid Andhra Pradesh of the corrupt and inept rule of the Indian National Congress, which had governed the state since its formation in 1956 and whose leadership had changed the Chief Minister five times in five years.[52]

    First term as Chief Minister, 1983

    NTR on Chaithanya Ratham.

    In the elections, the TDP allied with the Sanjaya Vichara Manch party and decided to field educated candidates who had a good name in the society[

    Tirupati. He used many innovative ways of campaigning, such as being the first politician in India to use rath yatras for campaigning. For this, he used a modified Chevrolet van which was given the name of Chaitanya Ratham. In this, Rao travelled across the state of Andhra Pradesh, crisscrossing all the districts. With his son Nandamuri Harikrishna, also a film actor, driving the van, Rao notched up over 75,000 kilometres during his campaign, a distinctive sight with the van's yellow party flags and banners and Rao sitting on top of the vehicle hailing the crowds.[53] He campaigned for restoring the dignity of the Telugu people and advocated forming a closer bond between the government and the common people, going into the elections with the slogan, Telugu Vari Atma Gauravam (lit. Telugu people's self-respect).[54]

    In the 1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, TDP won by an absolute majority winning 202 out of the 294 seats in the state assembly, with Rao himself winning both the seats he contested.[55] Their alliance with the Sanjaya Vichara Manch fetched 202 seats.[56] Rao was sworn in as the 10th and the first non-Congress Chief Minister of the state on 9 January 1983 with ten cabinet ministers and five ministers of State.[57]

    Loss of power, 1984

    On 15 August 1984, Rao was removed from office by the then Governor of Andhra Pradesh

    Nadendla Bhaskara Rao, a former Congressman, was made the Chief Minister by the Governor Thakur Ram Lal. Bhaskar Rao purportedly had the support of majority of the TDP MLAs which was never the case.[citation needed
    ]

    Return to power, 1984

    Rama Rao returned to India immediately after his surgery, disputed the claims by Bhaskara Rao and demonstrated his strength by bringing all the MLAs supporting him, which was a majority in the 294 member assembly, to the Raj Bhavan (Governor's Office).

    Chief Minister of Karnataka. Ramakrishna Hegde moved all the TDP MLAs to a Budget Hotel, Das Prakash, in Mysuru (Mysore), as Congress was known for poaching MLAs regularly and was felt necessitated. This was the first time in Indian Politics that MLAs were secured at a safe place from poaching. Also, due to mobilization of several political parties and the people and due to press, the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi unwillingly removed Governor Ramlal and appointed a Congress veteran, Shankar Dayal Sharma, as the governor of Andhra Pradesh to pave the way for restoring Rao.[58]

    Campaigning in Tamil Nadu, 1984

    In 1984, when the then

    state assembly election due to him being hospitalized in the US, N.T.R., who was a close friend of M.G.R.,[59] and R. M. Veerappan who was handling the party affairs, campaigned for the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK).[citation needed] As leader of the National Front, he campaigned extensively for the constituent parties when they faced elections, again using his Chaitanya Ratham campaigning concept.[60]

    General elections, 1984

    A month later, Indira Gandhi was assassinated and was succeeded as prime minister by her son, Rajiv Gandhi. In the ensuing national elections to the Lok Sabha, the Congress, riding on the sympathy wave caused by Gandhi's assassination, won convincingly all over the country except in Andhra Pradesh where the TDP secured a landslide victory. TDP became the first regional party to serve as the main opposition party in the Lok Sabha.[61]

    Second term as Chief Minister, 1985

    Meanwhile, in the state, Rao recommended dissolution of the Assembly and called for fresh elections the following year in the state to ensure that the people had a fresh choice to elect their representatives. The TDP again won with a massive majority in those elections, with Rao winning from 3 seats; Hindupur,[62] Nalgonda[63] and Gudivada,[64] thus marking the beginning of his second term as Chief Minister. Senior Leaders of the Congress in the state including former Chief Ministers Kasu Brahmananda Reddy and Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy lost in their constituencies of Narasaraopet and Kurnool respectively to the TDP. Rao completed his five-year term as Chief Minister.[65]

    Years as opposition, 1989

    In the December 1989 assembly elections however, he was voted out of power due to a wave of anti-incumbency sweeping the state as a result of which the Congress returned to power.During this time, he suffered a mild stroke, as a result of which he was unable to campaign, which, according to some political analysts and TDP supporters, was the reason for the TDP's loss.[citation needed]

    National politics, 1989

    During 1989, he established himself in national politics, forming a coalition of non-Congress parties opposed to the Congress known as the National Front. It included parties, besides the TDP, such as the

    V. P. Singh was at the forefront of social justice by implementing the provisions in the Mandal Commission for providing 27% reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBC's).[citation needed
    ]

    Third term as Chief Minister, 1994

    Rao returned to power for a third and final time in the December 1994 state assembly elections with his party in alliance with the Left Front. This alliance won 269 seats in the 294 seat Assembly, with the TDP alone winning 226. The Congress, which once again had multiple Chief Ministers in the state during its five-year rule between 1989 and 1994, won only 26 seats. Rao contested again from Hindupur and won the seat for the third consecutive time,[62] achieving a rare hat-trick of wins from the same assembly constituency. He also won from another assembly constituency, Tekkali.[66] In 1995, N. Chandrababu Naidu led a revolt in the party against Rao, which led to him becoming the CM on 1 September 1995 replacing Rao.[67]The internal rebellion was triggered by the controversial role of Lakshmi Parvathi, NTR's second wife, in the party and the government.[68] Naidu was able to secure the support of the majority of the legislators. Following this, NTR vowed to take revenge against Naidu. In an interview with Reuters, Rama Rao compared himself to Shah Jahan, a 17th-century Mughal emperor who was imprisoned by his son, and pledged to make a comeback.[69] However, NTR died in 1996. His second wife, Lakshmi Parvathi, along with other family members contested Naidu's claim to NTR's political legacy. Naidu however, already in the saddle, firmly entrenched himself as the leader of the TDP and as Chief Minister.

    Awards and honors

    Civilian honours

    Year Award Honouring body Outcome Ref
    1968 Padma Shri Government of India Won

    Other honours

    Year Award Honouring body Outcome Ref
    1978
    Honorary Doctorate
    Andhra University Won

    Filmfare Awards South

    Year Category Film Outcome Ref
    1972 Best Actor – Telugu Badi Panthulu Won

    Nandi Awards

    Year Category Film Outcome Ref
    1974 Best Story Writer Tatamma Kala Won [70]

    National Film Awards

    Year Category Film Outcome Ref
    1954 Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film in Telugu (producer — National Art Theater) Thodu Dongalu Won [5]
    1960 Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film in Telugu (producer — National Art Theater) Sita Rama Kalyanam Won
    1968 National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu (director — National Art Theater) Varakatnam Won [71]

    Legacy

    Rao's memorial at NTR Gardens, Hyderabad
    N. T. Rama Rao commemorative stamp

    The

    Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh in the city of Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. It started functioning on 1 November 1986.[74] After the death of Rama Rao, it was decided to rename the university after him, and this was carried out on 2 February 1998.[75]
    The university celebrated its silver jubilee from 1–3 November 2011.

    His life and acting career, and later life and political career, are showcased in the films

    N.T.R: Mahanayakudu, respectively, with his son Nandamuri Balakrishna playing the title character.[76] His later life after his wife Nandamuri Basavatarakam's death and his marriage to Lakshmi Parvathi is showcased in Ram Gopal Varma's film Lakshmi's NTR
    with P. Vijay Kumar playing his role.

    Electoral performance

    Year Legislative election Constituency Result
    1983 7th Assembly
    Gudivada
    Won
    Tirupati
    1985 8th Assembly
    Gudivada
    Hindupuram
    Nalgonda
    1989 9th Assembly
    Hindupuram
    Kalwakurthy
    1994 10th Assembly
    Hindupuram
    Won
    Tekkali

    Death

    N T Rama Rao died of a

    Hyderabad, aged 72.[77] He was cremated and his ashes were immersed at Srirangapatna by his second wife Lakshmi Parvathi, eight years later, in May 2004.[78]

    See also

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    Bibliography

    • Narayan, S. Venkat (1983). NTR: A Biography. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House.
      OCLC 10432404
      .

    External links

    Political offices
    Preceded by
    Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh

    1983–1984
    Succeeded by
    Nadendla Bhaskara Rao
    Preceded by
    Nadendla Bhaskara Rao
    Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh

    1984–1989
    Succeeded by
    Preceded by
    Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh

    1994–1995
    Succeeded by
    Nara Chandrababu Naidu