NASA Astronaut Group 9
19+80 | |
---|---|
Year selected | 1980 |
Number selected | 19 |
NASA Astronaut Group 9 was a group of 19
Achievements
As with the previous group, several spaceflight firsts were achieved, including:
- First Costa Rican astronaut:
- First Dutch citizen in space: Wubbo Ockels (October 30, 1985, STS-61-A)[3]
- First Swiss astronaut: Claude Nicollier (July 31, 1992, STS-46)[4]
- First African-American Marine in space:
- First person to be launched into space more than six times: Jerry Ross (April 8, 2002, STS-110)[6]
- First astronaut spouse selected as an astronaut:
In addition, Chang-Diaz and Ross share the world record for the most spaceflights, with seven each.
Group members
Pilots
- John E. Blaha (born 1942), U.S. Air Force (5 flights)[10]
- STS-29 Discovery[10] — March 1989 — Pilot — Deployed TDRS-D
- STS-33 Discovery[10] — November 1989 — Pilot — Was a classified United States Department of Defense mission
- STS-43 Atlantis[10] — August 1991 — Commander — Deployed TDRS-E
- STS-58 Columbia[10] — October 1993 — Commander — Spacelab: SLS-2
- STS-79 Atlantis[10] — September 1996 — Mission Specialist 4 — Launched for long duration flight aboard Mir
- Mir EO-22: Board Engineer 2[10]
- STS-81 Atlantis[10] — January 1997 — Mission Specialist 4 — Landed from long duration flight aboard Mir
- NASA Administrator
- STS-61-C Columbia[11] — January 1986 — Pilot — Deployed Ku-1 communications satellite
- STS-31 Discovery[11] — April 1990 — Pilot — Deployed the Hubble Space Telescope
- STS-45 Atlantis[11] — March 1992 — Commander — ATLAS-1
- Spacehab 2
- Roy D. Bridges, Jr. (born 1943), U.S. Air Force (1 flight)[12]
- STS-51-F Challenger[12] — July 1985 — Pilot — Spacelab 2
- Guy S. Gardner (born 1948), U.S. Air Force (2 flights)[13]
- STS-27 Atlantis[13] — December 1988 — Pilot — Was a classified United States Department of Defense mission
- STS-35 Columbia[13] — December 1990 — Pilot — ASTRO-1
- Ronald J. Grabe (born 1945), U.S. Air Force (4 flights)[14]
- STS-51-J Atlantis[14] — October 1985 — Pilot — Was a classified United States Department of Defense mission
- Magellan probe
- STS-42 Discovery[14] — January 1992 — Commander — Spacelab: IML-1
- Spacehab
- Bryan D. O'Connor (born 1946), U.S. Marine Corps (2 flights)[15] - Former NASA Chief of Safety and Mission Assurance
- STS-61-B Atlantis[15] — November 1985 — Pilot — Deployed 3 communication satellites
- STS-40 Columbia[15] — June 1991 — Commander — Spacelab: SLS-1
- Richard N. Richards (born 1946), U.S. Navy (4 flights)[16]
- STS-28 Columbia[16] — August 1989 — Pilot — Was a classified United States Department of Defense mission
- Ulysses (spacecraft)
- STS-50 Columbia[16] — June 1992 — Commander — Spacelab: U.S. Microgravity Laboratory 1
- STS-64 Discovery[16] — September 1994 — Commander — Lidar In-space Technology Experiment (LITE)
- Michael J. Smith (1945–1986), U.S. Navy (1 flight)[17] - Died During the Challenger Disaster
- STS-51-L Challenger[17] — January 1986 — Pilot — Planned to Deploy TDRS-B
Mission Specialists
- James P. Bagian (born 1952), U.S. Air Force (2 flights)[18]
- STS-29 Discovery[18] — March 1989 — Mission Specialist 1 — Deployed TDRS-D
- STS-40 Columbia[18] — June 1991 — Mission Specialist 1 — Spacelab: SLS-1
- Franklin Chang-Diaz (born 1950), Physicist (7 flights)[19]
- STS-61-C Columbia[19] — January 1986 — Mission Specialist 1 — Deployed Ku-1 communications satellite
- STS-34 Atlantis[19] — October 1989 — Mission Specialist 1 — Deployed the Galileo probe
- TSS-1 mission
- Spacehab 2
- TSS-1R mission
- Shuttle/Mirmission
- Canadarm2 on the ISS
- Mary L. Cleave (1947-2023), Engineer (2 flights)[20]
- STS-61-B Atlantis[20] — November 1985 — Mission Specialist 1 — Deployed 3 communication satellites
- Magellan probe
- Bonnie J. Dunbar (born 1949), Scientist (5 flights)[21]
- STS-61-A Challenger[21] — October 1985 — Mission Specialist 1 — Spacelab D1
- SYNCOM IV-F5 satellite; retrieved the Long Duration Exposure Facility
- STS-50 Columbia[21] — June 1992 — Mission Specialist 1 — Spacelab: U.S. Microgravity Laboratory 1
- Shuttle/Mirdocking
- Shuttle/Mirdocking
- William Frederick Fisher (born 1946), Physician (1 flight)[22]
- STS-51-I Discovery[22] — August 1985 — Mission Specialist 3 — Deployed three communications satellites
- David C. Hilmers (born 1950), Engineer (4 flights)[23]
- STS-51-J Atlantis[23] — October 1985 — Mission Specialist 1 — Was a classified United States Department of Defense mission
- STS-26 Discovery[23] — September 1988 — Mission Specialist 3 — Was the "Return-to-Flight" shuttle mission following the Challenger disaster; deployed TDRS-C
- STS-36 Atlantis[23] — February 1990 — Mission Specialist 2 — Was a classified United States Department of Defense mission
- STS-42 Discovery[23] — January 1992 — Mission Specialist 2 — Spacelab: IML-1
- 's Advanced Planning Office
- STS-41-G Challenger[24] — October 1984 — Mission Specialist 3 — Deployed the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite
- STS-28 Columbia[24] — August 1989 — Mission Specialist 2 — Was a classified United States Department of Defense mission
- STS-45 Atlantis[24] — March 1992 — Mission Specialist 2 — ATLAS-1
- John M. Lounge (1946–2011), U.S. Navy (3 flights)[25]
- STS-51-I Discovery[25] — August 1985 — Mission Specialist 2 — Deployed three communications satellites
- STS-26 Discovery[25] — September 1988 — Mission Specialist 1 — Was the "Return-to-Flight" shuttle mission following the Challenger disaster; deployed TDRS-C
- STS-35 Columbia[25] — December 1990 — Mission Specialist 2 — ASTRO-1
- Jerry L. Ross (born 1948), U.S. Air Force (7 flights)[26] - Currently NASA Chief of JSC's Vehicle Integration Test Office
- STS-61-B Atlantis[26] — November 1985 — Mission Specialist 2 — Deployed 3 communication satellites
- STS-27 Atlantis[26] — December 1988 — Mission Specialist 2 — Was a classified United States Department of Defense mission
- STS-37 Atlantis[26] — April 1991 — Mission Specialist 1 — Launched the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
- STS-55 Columbia[26] — April 1993 — Mission Specialist 1 — Spacelab: D2
- Shuttle/Mirdocking
- STS-88 Endeavour[26] — December 1998 — Mission Specialist 1 — First shuttle mission to the International Space Station; delivered Unity (Node 1) and the first two Pressurized Mating Adapters
- Canadarm2
- Sherwood C. Spring (born 1944), U.S. Army (1 flight)[27]
- Robert C. Springer (born 1942), U.S. Marine Corps (2 flights)[28]
- STS-29 Discovery[28] — March 1989 — Mission Specialist 3 — Deployed TDRS-D
- STS-38 Atlantis[28] — November 1990 — Mission Specialist 1 — Was a classified United States Department of Defense mission
International Mission Specialists
- Claude Nicollier (born 1944), Swiss Air Force (4 flights)[29]
- TSS-1 mission
- STS-61 Endeavour[31] — December 1993 — Mission Specialist 3 — Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 1
- TSS-1R mission
- STS-103 Discovery[33] — December 1999 — Mission Specialist 5 — Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 3A
- Wubbo Ockels (1946–2014), Physicist (1 flight)[34]
- STS-61-A Challenger[35] — October 1985 — Payload Specialist 3 — Spacelab: D1
Delays in Spacelab caused NASA to offer ESA payload specialists the opportunity to train with its full-time astronauts; Nicollier and Ockels were the first non-Americans to do so. Ulf Merbold would also have trained as a mission specialist but could not pass the medical examination, an example of the lower physical standards for payload specialists. ESA believed that Spacelab was more important than mission specialist training. In September 1981 Ockels withdrew from training to focus on Spacelab; Nicollier continued and until 2005 was a NASA mission specialist.[36]
See also
- Astronaut
- List of astronauts by name
- List of astronauts by selection
- List of space travelers by name
- List of space travelers by nationality
- NASA Astronaut Groups
References
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- ^ Petty, John Ira (March 29, 2004). "Dutch Doctor Bound for Space Station". NASA News. NASA. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
The first space-faring Dutch astronaut was Wubbo Ockels, who flew aboard Space Shuttle Challenger in 1985.
- ^ Garret, David W. (December 21, 1992). "92-228: 1992 Seen as NASA's Most Productive Year for Science Discoveries" (TXT). NASA News. Washington, D.C.: NASA. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
International cooperation was highlighted by the flight of the first Swiss astronaut and the first Italian payload specialist on STS-46...
- (PDF) from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
- ^ Buck, Joshua; Cloutier-Lemasters, Nicole (January 27, 2012). "12-033: Astronaut Jerry Ross, First Seven-Time Flier, Retires". NASA News. NASA. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
- from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
You were the first married couple in the Astronaut Office.
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