Nagapattinam district
Nagapattinam district | ||
---|---|---|
Vidhan Sabha constituency 5 | | |
Website | nagapattinam |
Nagapattinam district is one of the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. Nagapattinam district was carved out by bifurcating the erstwhile composite Thanjavur district on 19 October 1991. The town of Nagapattinam is the district headquarters.
Until Mayiladuthurai district was created out of it on 24 March 2020, Nagapattinam was the only discontiguous district in Tamil Nadu.
Etymology
Nagapattinam is derived from Nagar, referring to people, and pattinam referring to town. In Tamil Pattinam and paakkam depicts coastal towns.
History
Nagapattinam district was an important region of the
The early works of Tevaram by the 7th-century poets Appar and Sambandar mention that the town had fortified walls, busy roads, buildings and a busy port.
In the early 16th century the Portuguese made commercial contacts with the town and established a commercial centre in 1554 CE. The Portuguese also conducted missionary enterprise in the town.[11] In 1658, the Dutch established an agreement with King Vijaya Nayakkar of Thanjavur on 5 January 1662. Ten villages were transferred from the Portuguese to the Dutch – Nagappattinam Port, Puthur, Muttam, Poruvalancheri, Anthanappettai, Karureppankadu, AzhingiMangalam, Sangamangalam, Thiruthinamangalam, Manjakollai, Nariyankudi. Ten Christian churches and a hospital were built by the Dutch. They also released coins with the name Nagappattinam engraved in Tamil letters. Under an agreement between the first Maratta King Egoji of Thanjavur and the Dutch, Naagappattinam and surrounding villages were handed over to the Dutch on 30 December 1676. In 1690, the capital of Dutch Coromandel moved from Pulicat to Nagapattinam.[11]
This town fell into the hands of the British in 1781 after the two naval battles between British and French fleets were fought off the coast of Negapatam, as it was then known: the
From 1799 to 1845 CE Nagapttinam was the headquarters of Tanjore district.
The
Geography
The district shares borders with Tiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu and Karaikal district of the union territory Puducherry. The district of Nagapattinam lies on the shores of the Bay of Bengal between latitude 10.7906°N and Longitude 79.8428°E an area of 1,397 square kilometres (539 sq mi).[17] The District capital, Nagapattinam lies on the eastern coast, 350 kilometers down south of the State capital Chennai and of Tiruchirappalli. It has an average elevation of 9 metres (30 ft) above the mean sea level.[17] The district has a coastline of 187 kilometres (116 mi).[17]
Climate data for Nagapattinam, India | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.85 (87.53) |
32.67 (90.81) |
36.83 (98.29) |
38.72 (101.70) |
40.2 (104.4) |
38.1 (100.6) |
37.07 (98.73) |
36.54 (97.77) |
37.02 (98.64) |
33.67 (92.61) |
29.66 (85.39) |
29.13 (84.43) |
40.2 (104.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.72 (71.10) |
22.15 (71.87) |
23.37 (74.07) |
26.68 (80.02) |
27.48 (81.46) |
27.17 (80.91) |
26.36 (79.45) |
25.44 (77.79) |
25.17 (77.31) |
24.43 (75.97) |
29.66 (85.39) |
29.13 (84.43) |
29.13 (84.43) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 12.2 (0.48) |
12.4 (0.49) |
— | 2 (0.1) |
26.5 (1.04) |
— | 39.5 (1.56) |
39 (1.5) |
25 (1.0) |
85 (3.3) |
32.15 (1.27) |
46 (1.8) |
319.75 (12.59) |
Source: [18] |
Economy
In 2006 the
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1901 | 652,643 | — |
1911 | 688,101 | +0.53% |
1921 | 674,234 | −0.20% |
1931 | 693,484 | +0.28% |
1941 | 745,006 | +0.72% |
1951 | 863,674 | +1.49% |
1961 | 954,318 | +1.00% |
1971 | 1,087,429 | +1.31% |
1981 | 1,234,441 | +1.28% |
1991 | 1,377,601 | +1.10% |
2001 | 1,488,839 | +0.78% |
2011 | 1,616,450 | +0.83% |
source:[20] |
According to the 2011 census, Nagapattinam district had a population of 698,094 with a sex-ratio of 1,025 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. 26.94% of the population lived in urban areas.[21] A total of 165,245 were under the age of six, constituting 84,335 males and 80,910 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 30.51% and 0.23% of the population respectively.[22] The average literacy of the district was 75.04%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[21] The district had a total of 413,837 households. There were a total of 671,994 workers, comprising 54,329 cultivators, 216,353 main agricultural labourers, 7,925 in household industries, 207,721 other workers, 185,666 marginal workers, 13,153 marginal cultivators, 128,704 marginal agricultural labourers, 3,630 marginal workers in household industries and 40,179 other marginal workers.[23] The birth rate on a scale of one thousand in rural areas of the district is 19.9, urban is 17.8 and the combined birth rate is 18.85.[17] The death rate on a scale of one thousand in rural areas of the district is 8.2, urban is 6.7 and the combined rate is 7.45.[17] Tamil is the predominant language, spoken by 99.56% of the population.[24]
Politics
District | No. | Constituency | Name | Party | Alliance | Remarks | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nagapattinam | 163 | Nagapattinam
|
Aloor Shanavas | Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi | SPA | |||
164 | Kilvelur (SC)
|
Nagai Maali (A) P. Mahalingam | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | SPA | ||||
165 | Vedaranyam
|
O. S. Manian | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | None |
Education
There are a total of 891 elementary schools, 185 middle schools, 83 high schools and 79 higher secondary schools in the district.[17]
Administration
The Collector is the administrative head of each district and is the principle representative of the government for the district. The Collector's main responsibilities include revenue administration, Executive Magistracy, maintaining law and order, licensing and regulatory functions, disaster management, civil supplies, public distribution, social welfare, excise, transport, mining, labour laws, elections, legal affairs, census, general administration, treasury management and co-ordination with various departments of the state and central governments. The Collector is also the head of various committees formed at the district level for the various central and state government schemes.[28]
There are 32 districts in Tamil Nadu, each divided for revenue administration purposes into
Nagapattinam District was formerly a part of
Politics
Member of Parliament | |
---|---|
Nagapattinam | M. Selvarasu [32] |
Members of Legislative Assembly | |
Nagapattinam | Aloor Shanavas[33] |
Kilvelur (SC) | P. Mahalingam[34] |
Vedaranyam | O. S. Maniyan |
The district has two Lok Sabha constituencies, namely Nagapattinam Lok Sabha constituency . The current Member of Parliament from the Nagapattinam constituency is M. Selvarasu from the CPI.[32]
There are a total of three legislative assembly constituencies in the district, namely,
Culture and tourism
Tourism plays a key economic role for the town even though fishing is the major occupation.
Kayarohanaswami Temple, a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva, is located in Nagapattinam. The temple has been in existence from the 6th century CE and has been revered by the verses of Tevaram, the 7th–8th century Saiva canonical work by Appar, Sambandar and Sundarar.[36] The temple is one of the seven temples of the Thyagaraja cult, classified as Saptha Vidangam, where the deity Thyagaraja is believed to portray different dance styles.[37] The temple is also known for the shrine of Neelayadakshi, the consort of Kayarohanaswami.[36]
Velankanni is a pilgrimage centre located 10 km (6.2 mi) from Nagapattinam. The town is known for the Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health, a Roman Catholic church built during the 17th century. Pilgrimage to the basilica is common during September when people of many faiths, especially Hindus, Muslims and Christians of all denominations visit the basilica.[38]
See also
- Kilvelur
- List of districts of Tamil Nadu
- Perumangalam
- Thirukadaiyur
- Thopputhurai
- Vanavanmahadevi
- vedaranyam
- velankanni
- Voimedu
Notes
- ^ www.tn.gov.in
- ^ a b c d e W. 2002, p. 161.
- ^ Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited 2008, p. 5.
- ^ a b c Kulke, Kesavapany & Sakhuja 2009, pp. 102–104.
- ISBN 9788120813427.
- ISBN 9788120601512.
- ^ Kulke, Kesavapany & Sakhuja 2009, pp. 104–107.
- ^ Kulke, Kesavapany & Sakhuja 2009, pp. 107–108.
- ^ a b Kulke, Kesavapany & Sakhuja 2009, pp. 108–119.
- ^ Kulke, Kesavapany & Sakhuja 2009, p. 67.
- ^ a b W. 2002, p. 139.
- ^ W. 2002, p. 136.
- ^ Karan & Subbiah 2011, p. 70.
- ^ Karan & Subbiah 2011, p. 77.
- ^ Karan & Subbiah 2011, p. 227.
- ^ Karan & Subbiah 2011, p. 231.
- ^ a b c d e f District profile 2011.
- ^ Dr. R.K. 2007, p. 19.
- ^ a b Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
- ^ Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
- ^ a b "Census Info 2011 Final population totals". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ^ District census 2011 - Nagapattinam
- ^ "Census Info 2011 Final population totals – Nagapattinam district". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ^ "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Tamil Nadu". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Tamil Nadu". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ^ "Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021: Here's full list of winners". CNBCTV18. 3 May 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
- ^ "Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021: Full list of winners". www.indiatvnews.com. 2 May 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
- ^ Second Administrative Reforms Commission Fifteenth report (PDF) (Report). State and District administration, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions, Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Government of India. April 2009. pp. 68–71.
- ^ a b c Districts of Tamil Nadu 2012.
- ^ a b Commissionerate of Municipal Administration 2006.
- ^ Economic and political weekly 1995.
- ^ a b MP of Nagapattinam 2009.
- ^ List of MLAs 2021.
- ^ List of MLAs 2011.
- ^ a b List of Assembly constituencies 2010.
- ^ a b c d Various 2007, p. 61.
- ^ The Hindu & 16 July 2010.
- ^ a b Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited 2008, pp. 14–15.
- ^ Hunter 1908, p. 3.
- ^ Werbner & Basu 1998, pp. 61–62.
- ^ Visweswaran 2011, pp. 33–34.
References
- "Tiruvarur in religious history of Tamil Nadu". The Hindu. 16 July 2010. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
- Dr. R.K. (2007). Study report of coastal water bodies in Nagapattinam district (PDF) (Report). NGO Co-ordination and Resource Centre (NCRC). Retrieved 14 November 2012.
{{cite report}}
: Unknown parameter|agency=
ignored (help) - Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited (2008). City corporate plan cum business plan for Nagapattinam municipality (PDF) (Report). Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
- Karan, Pradyumna Prasad; Subbiah, Shanmugam P. (2011), The Indian Ocean Tsunami: The Global Response to a Natural Disaster, USA: University Press of Kentucky, ISBN 978-0-8131-2653-1.
- Kulke, Hermann; Kesavapany, K.; Sakhuja, Vijay (2009), Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwip: Reflections on the Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia, Singapore: Institute of South East Asian Studies, ISBN 978-981-230-938-9.
- Hunter, Sir William Wilson (1908), Imperial gazetteer of India, Volume 19, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Strand, Carl Ludvig; John Paul Masek (2008), Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake and Tsunami of December 26, 2004, USA: American Society of Civil Engineers, ISBN 978-0-7844-0951-0.
- Various (2007), Tourist guide to Tamil Nadu, Chennai: T. Krishna Press, ISBN 978-81-7478-177-2.
- Visweswaran, Kamala (2011), Perspectives on Modern South Asia: A Reader in Culture, History, and, UK: Blackwell Publishing Limited, ISBN 978-1-4051-0062-5.
- Werbner, Pnina; Basu, Helene (1998), Embodying charisma: modernity, locality, and performance of emotion in Sufi, London: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-15099-X.
- W., Francis (2002). Gazetteer Of South India, Volume 1. Mittal Publications.
- "Primary census abstract 2001". Directorate of Census Operations – Tamil Nadu. 2001. Archived from the original on 17 February 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
- "Districts of Tamil Nadu". Government of Tamil Nadu. 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
- "Key highlights of the general elections 1957 to the Second Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- "Key highlights of the general elections 1962 to the Third Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- "Key highlights of the general elections 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- "Key highlights of the general elections 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- "Key highlights of the general elections 1977 to the Sixth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- "Key highlights of the general elections 1980 to the Seventh Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
- "Key highlights of the general elections 1984 to the Eighth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- "Key highlights of the general elections 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- "Key highlights of the general elections 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- "Key highlights of the general elections 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
- "Key highlights of the general elections 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- "Key highlights of the general elections 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- "Key highlights of the general elections 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- "General Elections to Lok Sabha, 2009, name and address of the elected members of parliamentary constituencies in Tamil Nadu". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
- "General Elections to Lok Sabha, 2009, name and address of the elected members of parliamentary constituencies in Tamil Nadu". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
- "List of Assembly Constituencies". Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu state government. 2010. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
- "List of MLA is the Assembly". Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu state government. 2010. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
- "District profile". Tamil Nadu. Nagapattinam district administration. 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
- "Economic and political weekly, Volume 30". Sameeksha Trust. 1995: 2396.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - "Commissionerate of Municipal Administration". Commissionerate of Municipal Administration. 2006. Retrieved 26 June 2012.