Nagidos
Νάγιδος | |
Location | Bozyazı, Mersin Province, Turkey |
---|---|
Region | Cilicia |
Coordinates | 36°05′59″N 32°58′41″E / 36.09972°N 32.97806°E |
Type | Settlement |
History | |
Builder | Colonists from Samos |
Nagidos (
History
The details of the foundation and eventual abandonment of the city are unknown. From the end of the fifth century BC, the town minted
The Hellenistic period and the foundation of Arsinoe
In 333 BC the city was conquered along with the rest of Cilicia by
In this period the city of Arsinoe was founded between 279 and 260–253 BC[7] on land taken from Nagidos by Aetos, the Ptolemaic strategos or military governor of Cilicia. Aetos was succeeded as strategos by his son Thraseas. At that time the Nagidians still refused to recognize the settlers of Arsinoe as the new owners of the land.[8][9] To resolve the dispute Thraseas requested Nagidos to cede the land to Arsinoe, which in exchange became apoikoia of Nagidos. That way, Arsinoe would be independent from Nagidos, but Nagidos was officially made the symbolic "mother city" of Arsinoe. Both cities exchanged isopoliteia so that the citizens of both places enjoyed a single citizenship.[7][10]
Designating the citizens of Arsinoe as apokoi of Nagidos meant that Nagidos was treated as the mother city of Arsinoe. Christian Habicht interprets this as a diplomatic move of Thraseas to appease Nagidos for its loss of territory.[11] John K. Davies gives a slightly different chronology, estimating the foundation of Arsinoe to have taken place probably in the 260s BC. He writes that Cilicia was then temporarily lost to the Seleucids but retaken by Ptolemaics in the 240s. According to him the dispute over the land occurred after the reestablishment of Ptolemaic control and the Arsinoeis appealed to Thraseas some time after 238 BC.[12]
Along with the rest of Cilicia, Nagidos came under Seleucid rule in 197 BC.[7] Excavations have shown that the city was abandoned towards the middle of the second century BC. Possibly this was a consequence of the activities of the Cilician pirates.[13]
Excavations
Ancient sources gave an important clue to the location of Nagidos because they mention the island Nagidoussa lay offshore from the city. This allowed the Austrian archaeologists Rudolf Heberdey and Adolf Wilhelm to identify the site at its current location in 1891.[14] In the 1930s a Swedish expedition carried out explorations. In 1986 the museum of Anamur discovered 24 graves, the oldest dating back to the fifth century BC.[citation needed]
References
- ^ Strabo, Geographica 14.5.3
- ^ Pomponius Mela, De situ orbis 1.13.77
- ^ Moysey, Robert A (1986). "The silver stater issues of Pharnabazos and Datames from the mint of Tarsus in Cilicia". The American Numismatic Society Museum Notes. Vol. 31. Ann Arbor, MI: American Numismatic Society. p. 13.
- ^ Habicht 2006, p. 255.
- ISBN 9780415319324.
- ISBN 9781139499354.
- ^ ISBN 9780520914087.
- ^ Habicht 2006, pp. 244–245.
- ^ Pfeiffer 2015, pp. 91–92.
- ^ Pfeiffer 2015, pp. 91–99.
- ^ Habicht 2006, p. 245.
- ISBN 9780197263235.
- ^ Durukan, Murat (2009). "The Connection of Eastern and Central Cilicia with Piracy". Adalya. 12: 77–102.
- ^ Habicht 2006, p. 256.
Sources
- Habicht, Christian (2006). The Hellenistic Monarchies: Selected Papers. Translated by Peregrine Stevenson. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 9780472111091.
- Pfeiffer, Stefan (2015). Griechische und lateinische Inschriften zum Ptolemäerreich und zur römischen Provinz Aegyptus. Einführungen und Quellentexte zur Ägyptologie (in German). Vol. 9. Münster: Lit. pp. 91–99.
Further reading
- Bal, Y.; Kelling, G.; Kapur, S.; Akça, E.; Çetin, H.; Erol, O. (2003). "An improved method for determination of Holocene coastline changes around two ancient settlements in southern Anatolia: a geoarchaeological approach to historical land degradation studies". Land Degradation & Development. 14 (4): 363–376. S2CID 128625659.
- Chaniotis, Angelos (2004). "Justifying Territorial Claims in Classical and Hellenistic Greece. The Beginnings of International Law". In Harris, Edward M.; Rubinstein, Lene (eds.). The Law and the Courts in Ancient Greece (PDF). London: Gerald Duckworth. ISBN 9780715631171.
- Durugönül, Serra (2003). "Nagidos 2002" (PDF). Kazi Raporlari. 7: 23–25.
- Jones, C. P.; Habicht, Christian (1989). "A Hellenistic Inscription from Arsinoe in Cilicia". Phoenix. 43 (4): 317–346. JSTOR 1088299.
- Jones, C. P.; Russell, J. (1993). "Two New Inscriptions from Nagidos in Cilicia". Phoenix. 47 (4): 293–304. JSTOR 1088726.
- Heberdey, Rudolf; Wilhelm, Adolf (1896). Reisen in Kilikien, ausgeführt 1891 und 1892 im Auftrage der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien (in German). Vol. 44. Vienna. pp. 158–159.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Lederer, Philipp (1931). "Die Staterprägung der Stadt Nagidos". Zeitschrift für Numismatik. 41: 153–276.