Nagpur

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the city. For other uses, see Nagpur (disambiguation).

Nagpur
Rapid transit system
Nagpur Metro
Websitewww.nagpur.gov.in

Nagpur (pronunciation: [naːɡpuːɾ]) is the third-largest city of the Indian state of Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune.[15] It is called the heart of India because of its central geographical location.[16] It is the largest and most populated city in central India.[17] Also known as the "Orange City", Nagpur is the 13th largest city in India by population. According to an Oxford's Economics report, Nagpur is projected to be the fifth fastest growing city in the world from 2019 to 2035 with an average growth of 8.41%.[18] It has been proposed as one of the Smart Cities in Maharashtra and is one of the top ten cities in India in Smart City Project execution.[19][20][21]

Nagpur is the seat of the annual

region of Maharashtra.[22] In addition, the city derives unique importance from being a key location for the Dalit Buddhist movement and the headquarters for the right-wing Hindu organisation and public serves organisation RSS. Nagpur is also known for the Deekshabhoomi, which is graded an A-class tourism and pilgrimage site, the largest hollow stupa among all the Buddhist stupas in the world. The regional branch of Bombay High Court is also situated within the city.[23]

According to a survey by

Swachh Sarvekshan 2018.[28] It was also declared as open defecation free in January 2018 under Swachh Bharat Mission.[29] It is also one of the safest cities for women in India.[30] The city also ranked 25th in Ease of Living index 2020 among 111 cities in India.[31] It was ranked the 8th most competitive city in the country by the Institute for Competitiveness for the year 2017.[32]

It is famous for

British East India Company took over Nagpur in the 19th century and made it the capital of the Central Provinces and Berar. After the first re-organisation of states, the city lost its status as the capital. Following the informal Nagpur Pact between political leaders, it was made the second capital of Maharashtra
.

History

Main article: History of Nagpur
See also:
Nagpur state

Etymology

Nag River

Nagpur is named after the Great river Nag which flows through the city. The old Nagpur city (today called 'Mahal') is situated on north banks of the river Nag. The suffix pur means "city" in many Indian languages.[37]

One of the earlier names of Nagpur was "Fanindrapura". It derives its origin from the

Marathi word fana (फण; meaning hood of a cobra). Nagpur's first newspaper was named Fanindramani, which means a jewel that is believed to be suspended over a cobra's hood. It is this jewel that lights up the darkness, hence the name of the newspaper.[38] B. R. Ambedkar claimed that both the city and the river are named after the 'Nags' who were opponents of the Indo-Aryans.[39] During British rule, the name of the city was spelt and pronounced as "Nagpore".[40][self-published source
]

Early and medieval history

statue of Bakht Buland Shah in Nagpur

Human existence around present-day Nagpur can be traced back 3000 years to the 8th century BCE. Mehir burial sites at the Drugdhamna (near the Mhada colony) indicate that the

Rastrakuta king Krsna III in the Saka year 862 (940 CE).[42]

Towards the end of the 3rd century, King

Tughlaq Dynasty
came to power in 1317.

In the 17th century, the

Bhonsles of the Maratha Empire established the Nagpur kingdom based in the city.[46]

Modern history

Raghuji Bhonsle of the Bhonsale dynasty of the Maratha Empire
in the 18th century

Raghoji Bhosale, who conquered the territories of Deogarh, Chanda and Chhattisgarh by 1751.[49]

Nagpur was burnt substantially in 1765 and again partially in 1811 by marauding

Raghoji II, on the throne. During the rule of Raghoji III (which lasted until 1840), the region was administered by a British resident. In 1853, the British took control of Nagpur after Raghoji III died without leaving an heir.[52]

Map of Nagpur district with major towns and rivers
Central Provinces and Berar, 1903. Princely states are shown in yellow.

From 1853 to 1861, the

Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India.[55]

The

non-co-operation movement was launched in the Nagpur session of 1920.[56] The city witnessed a Hindu–Muslim riot in 1923 which had profound impact on K. B. Hedgewar,[57] who in 1925 founded the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a public serves organisation in Mohitewada Mahal, Nagpur with an idea of creating a Hindu ethnostate. After the 1927 Nagpur riots RSS gained further popularity in Nagpur and the organisation grew nationwide.[58]

After Indian independence

After

state of Bombay, which was split into the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat in 1960.[60] At a formal public ceremony held on 14 October 1956 in Nagpur, B. R. Ambedkar and his supporters converted to Buddhism, which started the Dalit Buddhist movement that is still active.[61] In 1994, the city of Nagpur witnessed its most violent day in modern times: in the Gowari stampede, police fired on Gowari protestors demanding Scheduled Tribe status and caused a mass panic.[62]

Nagpur completed 300 years of establishment in the year 2002. A big celebration was organised to mark the event.[63]

Geography

Topography

Nagpur is located at the exact centre of the Indian subcontinent,[16] close to the geometric centre of the quadrilateral connecting the four major metros of India, viz. Chennai, Mumbai, New Delhi and Kolkata. The city has the Zero Mile Stone locating the geographical centre of India, which was used by the British to measure all distances within the Indian subcontinent. The city lies on the

metamorphic rocks such as gneiss, schist and granites are found, while in the northern part yellowish sandstones and clays of the lower Gondwana formations are found.[65]
Nagpur city is dotted with natural and artificial lakes. The largest lake is Ambazari Lake. Other natural lakes include Gorewada Lake and Telankhedi lake. Sonegaon and Gandhisagar Lakes are artificial, created by the city's historical rulers.[66] Nag river, Pilli Nadi, and nallas form the natural drainage pattern for the city.[67] Nagpur is known for its greenery and was adjudged the cleanest and second greenest in India after Chandigarh in 2010.[68]

Climate

Nagpur has

tropical wet and dry climate (Aw in Köppen climate classification) with dry conditions prevailing for most of the year. It receives about 163 mm of rainfall in June. The amount of rainfall is increased in July to 294 mm. Gradual decrease of rainfall has been observed from July to August (278 mm) and September (160 mm).[64] The highest recorded daily rainfall was 304 mm on 14 July 1994.[69] Summers are extremely hot, lasting from March to June, with May being the hottest month. Winter lasts from November to February, during which temperatures occasionally drop to 10 °C (50 °F).[64] The highest recorded temperature in the city was 47.9 °C on 29 May 2013, while the lowest was 3.5 °C on 29 December 2018.[70]

Extreme weather

The average number of

Indian Government with the help of New York-based National Resources Defense Council has launched a heat wave program since March 2016.[71]

Climate data for
Nagpur Airport
(1991–2020, extremes 1901–2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 36.6
(97.9) 		39.2
(102.6) 		45.0
(113.0) 		47.1
(116.8) 		47.9
(118.2) 		47.7
(117.9) 		40.6
(105.1) 		37.8
(100.0) 		38.9
(102.0) 		39.5
(103.1) 		35.6
(96.1) 		39.7
(103.5) 		47.9
(118.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28.9
(84.0) 		31.9
(89.4) 		36.4
(97.5) 		40.6
(105.1) 		43.1
(109.6) 		38.1
(100.6) 		31.9
(89.4) 		30.8
(87.4) 		32.4
(90.3) 		33.2
(91.8) 		31.3
(88.3) 		29.3
(84.7) 		34.0
(93.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 20.8
(69.4) 		23.8
(74.8) 		28.1
(82.6) 		32.3
(90.1) 		35.5
(95.9) 		32.1
(89.8) 		28.1
(82.6) 		27.3
(81.1) 		27.8
(82.0) 		26.7
(80.1) 		23.6
(74.5) 		20.9
(69.6) 		27.3
(81.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 14.1
(57.4) 		16.0
(60.8) 		19.7
(67.5) 		25.1
(77.2) 		28.1
(82.6) 		26.6
(79.9) 		24.4
(75.9) 		23.5
(74.3) 		23.4
(74.1) 		21.4
(70.5) 		17.1
(62.8) 		13.2
(55.8) 		21.1
(69.9)
Record low °C (°F) 3.9
(39.0) 		5.0
(41.0) 		8.3
(46.9) 		13.9
(57.0) 		19.4
(66.9) 		20.0
(68.0) 		19.4
(66.9) 		18.3
(64.9) 		16.6
(61.9) 		11.6
(52.9) 		6.7
(44.1) 		3.5
(38.3) 		3.5
(38.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 14.9
(0.59) 		13.1
(0.52) 		20.4
(0.80) 		12.5
(0.49) 		19.1
(0.75) 		190.6
(7.50) 		347.7
(13.69) 		277.2
(10.91) 		183.7
(7.23) 		53.3
(2.10) 		13.1
(0.52) 		5.5
(0.22) 		1,151.2
(45.32)
Average rainy days 1.0 1.1 1.8 1.4 1.7 8.9 14.7 13.5 9.1 2.9 0.9 0.2 57.1
Average
relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST
) 		43 34 27 23 24 50 75 78 73 63 56 49 50
Mean monthly sunshine hours 263.5 265.6 291.4 282.0 294.5 186.0 114.7 111.6 177.0 257.3 255.0 260.4 2,759
Mean daily sunshine hours 8.5 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.5 6.2 3.7 3.6 5.9 8.3 8.5 8.4 7.6
Average ultraviolet index 7 9 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 8 7 10
Source 1: India Meteorological Department (sun 1971–2000)[72][70][73][74]
Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)[75] Weather Atlas[76]

Administration

Vidhan Bhavan (State Legislative Assembly) Nagpur

Nagpur was the capital of

Nagpur Lok Sabha constituency.[79]

Local government

See also:
Greater Nagpur Metropolitan Area and List of localities in Nagpur
NIT- Nagpur Improvement Trust

The Municipal Council for Nagpur was established in 1864. At that time, the area under the jurisdiction of the Nagpur Municipal Council was 15.5 km2 and the population was 82,000. The duties entrusted to the Nagpur Municipal Council were to maintain cleanliness and arrange for street lights and water supply with government assistance. The Municipal Corporation came into existence in March 1951. Nagpur is administered by the

local elections.[81] NMC has various departments including healthcare, education, and a fire brigade dedicated for each service and project of the city.[82]

Kalmeshwar, Umred and Kuhi. The boundaries of the "Metro region" around the municipal corporation limits of the city have been defined as per the notification. In 2002, the government extended the jurisdiction of the Nagpur Improvement Trust (NIT) by 25 to 40 kilometres. This new area was defined under clause 1(2) of NIT Act-1936 as "Nagpur Metropolitan Area".[85] Maharashtra State Cabinet in 2016 had paved the way for NIT to become Nagpur Metropolitan Region Development Authority (NMRDA)[86] NMRDA was notified by the Government of Maharashtra in March 2017.[87] NMRDA has been made on the lines of Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority. NMRDA has been mandated to monitor development in the metropolis comprising 721 villages across nine tehsils in the district. The body is headed by Metropolitan Commissioner, an Indian Administrative Service Officer appointed by the state government as was with the NIT chairman.[88] Currently, NIT is the planning authority for developing projects around the city in land owned by it.[89]

The Maharashtra government had appointed Larsen & Toubro (L&T) as the implementation partner to convert Nagpur into the country's first large scale, integrated, smart city. The state government had also decided to develop the city complete with five hubs, from textile centres to defence sector.[90] Nagpur was selected from Maharashtra among other cities under Government of India's Smart Cities Mission. City was selected in the third round of selection. For the implementation of the projects under Smart Cities Mission a special purpose vehicle was formed which was named Nagpur Smart and Sustainable City Development Corporation Ltd.[91]

Deputy Commissioner of Police,[92] while traffic zones are divided into eleven zones each headed by an inspector.[93] The State C.I.D Regional Headquarter, State Reserve Police Force and Regional Police Training School are situated at Nagpur.[94][95][96]

Utility services

Originally, all the utility services of the city were carried out by NMC departments, but from 2008 onwards privatisation had started for major utility services.

electricity supply, which was first managed by MSEB was then replaced by MSEDCL.[103] Nagpur Fire Brigade has nine fire stations at various locations in the city.[104][105][106] India Post which is a governmental postal department has two head post offices and many post offices including sub-post offices at various locations in the city and are part of the logistics services in the city along with various other private operators.[107]

Health care

Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur
See also:
List of hospitals in Nagpur

NMC in collaboration with Central Government,

MIHAN, Nagpur.[116]

According to 2005 National Family Health Survey, Nagpur has a fertility rate of 1.9 which is below the

Female sterilisation is more prominent than male sterilisation in Nagpur. Institutional births in the city is 97%. Children below 5 years who are anaemic are 43.50%, while women and men in the age group of 15 to 49 years who are anaemic are 45.00% and 21.20%, respectively.[118]

Military establishments

Sitabuldi fort is home to Indian Army's 118th infantry battalion.

Nagpur is an important city for the Indian armed forces.

maintenance, repair, and operations of all aircraft, helicopters and other equipment.[119]

The ordnance factory and staff college of ordnance factory Ambajhari and National Academy of Defence Production for Group A officer of ordnance factories are in the western part of the city. Sitabuldi Fort is managed by the Uttar Maharashtra and Gujarat sub area hq.of the Indian Army and citizens are allowed to visit the premises on Republic day, Maharashtra day and Independence day.[120]

The 'raison d'être' for Kamptee, the military cantonment, is still operational.

Param Veer Chakra), the highest gallantry awarded to soldiers for wartime operations.[121] There are also other military establishments and a well equipped military hospital to care for the health of the armed forces personnel. The Army Postal Service centre is also operational in the cantonment since 1948, to provide training to personnel of Department of Post who volunteer themselves for the Army. Nagpur's National Civil Defence College provides civil defence and disaster management training to pupils from all over India and abroad.[122] Indian Air Force's IL-76 transport planes nicknamed "Gajraj" are also based in Nagpur.[123]

Food

Nagpur is known for its zesty food and people here are fond of spicy food. Although Nagpur is associated with its spicy Saoji food and Tarri Poha, but Nagpur offers a variety of cuisines. Be it South Indian, Mexican, Chinese, Italian, Lebanese; there are a variety of options. There are some iconic food joints like Veerasami, Uttar Dakshin, Cafe John, Sanjay Samosa, Santosh Pakodewala, Jagdish Saoji, Saojis of Umred and Dhapewada, Gokul Brindavan, and many more.

Demographics

Population

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1981 1,219,500—    
1991 1,664,000+36.4%
2001 2,052,066+23.3%
2011 2,405,665+17.2%
Source: Census of India[124]

As of the[update] 2011 census, Nagpur municipality has a population of 2,405,665. The total population constitute, 1,225,405 males and 1,180,270 females. The total children (ages 0–6) are 247,078, of whom 128,290 are boys and 118,788 are girls. Children form 10.27% of total population of Nagpur. The total number of slums number 179,952, in which 859,487 people reside. This is around 35.73% of the total population of Nagpur. The municipality has a sex ratio of 963 females per 1,000 males and child sex ratio of 926 girls per 1,000 boys. 1,984,123 people are literate, of whom 1,036,097 are male and 948,026 are female. Average literacy rate of Nagpur city are 91.92%. Men are 94.44% and women are 89.31% literate.[6]

Year Male Female Total Population Change
2001[125] 1059765 992301 2052066 -
2011[126] 1225405 1180260 2405665 17.231

Religion

Religion in Nagpur City (2011)[127]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 69.46%
Buddhism
 
 15.57%
Islam
 
 11.95%
Others
 
 1.88%
Christianity
 
 1.15%

Hinduism is the majority religion in Nagpur city with 69.46% followers. Buddhism is the second most popular religion in Nagpur city with 15.57% following it. Nagpur is famous for the Buddhist site of Deekshabhoomi. In Nagpur city, Islam is followed by 11.95%, Christianity by 1.15%, Jainism by 0.90% and Sikhism by 0.68%. Around 0.10% stated 'Other Religion' and approximately 0.20% stated 'No Particular Religion'.[127]

Language

Languages in Nagpur (2011)[128]

  Marathi (60.63%)
  Hindi (22.74%)
  Urdu (6.36%)
  Chhattisgarhi (2.29%)
  Sindhi (1.79%)
  Gujarati (1.16%)
  Punjabi (0.91%)
  Others (4.12%)

Marathi is the most-spoken language, spoken by 60.63% of the population. Hindi and Urdu are the second and third largest languages, spoken by 22.74% and 6.36% of the population respectively. Other languages spoken in Nagpur include Chhattisgarhi (2.29%), Sindhi (1.79%), Gujarati (1.16%) and Punjabi (0.91%). There are also small numbers of Telugu, Bengali and Gondi speakers in the city.[128]

Economy

Nagpur is an emerging metropolis. Nagpur's nominal GDP was estimated to be around ₹1,53,027

crores in 2021–22, making it the largest economic centre in entire central India.[129] Nagpur district has a per-capita GDP of ₹2,46,750 as of 2021-22 financial year, being the highest in the central India[130] In 2004, it was ranked the fastest-growing city in India in terms of the number of households with an annual income of ₹10 million or more.[131] Nagpur has been the main centre of commerce in the region of Vidarbha since its early days and is an important trading location. Although, Nagpur's economic importance gradually declined relative to Mumbai and Pune after the merging of Vidarbha into Maharashtra because of a period of neglect by the state government, the city's economy later recovered.[132]

Sitabuldi Market, one of the busiest commercial areas of Nagpur
Nagpur branch of the Reserve Bank of India

The city is important for the banking sector as it hosts the regional office of

Sitabuldi market in central Nagpur, known as the heart of the city, is the major commercial market area.[134]

Nagpur is home to

Explosives & Ammunition company Solar Industries.[140]

For centuries, Nagpur has been famous for its orange gardens in the country, hence the name "Orange City". Orange cultivation has been expanding and it is the biggest marketplace for oranges in the country.[141] The Maharashtra Agro Industrial Development Corporation has its multi fruit processing division called Nagpur Orange Grower's Association (NOGA) which has an installed capacity of 4,950 MT of fruits per annum.[142] Orange is also exported to various regions in the country as well to other countries.[143][144][145] Nagpur is also famous for the cotton and silk which is woven by its large Koshti population of handloom weavers which are around 5,000.[141]

Nagpur and the

MSPGCL. NTPC has a super thermal power plant called Mauda Super Thermal Power Station in Mauda around 40 km from Nagpur and Vidarbha Industries Power Limited (a subsidiary of Reliance Power) is situated at Butibori.[147]

TCS Campus in MIHAN Nagpur

The

MIHAN
.

Persistent Campus at IT Park, Parsodi

Prominent Information Technology companies such as

MIHAN.[160][161][162] Pharmaceutical company Lupin also has its facility in the SEZ.[163]

Apart from

Mahindra and Mahindra, Candico,[170] Pix Transmissions,[171] JSW Steel,[172] ESAB India Ltd,[173] Johnson Lifts,[174] Sintex, Grindwell Norton, Berger Becker Coatings, Horiba India, RCCPL, Adani Wilmar, Mother Dairy, Air Liquide North India, Patanjali Foods,[175] UltraTech Cement, Parker Hannifin,[176] Elkem South Asia
etc.

The city is also fast growing as a logistics hub and houses three Inland Container Depot, one each of Container Corporation of India, Distribution Logistics Infrastructure and Adani Logistics.[177]

Owing to rich natural resources in the region, mining is a major activity. Several government organisations related to the mining industry are based in Nagpur, which includes

MOIL, Mineral Exploration and consultancy Limited[178] and Indian Bureau of Mines.[179]

Education

See also: List of educational institutions in Nagpur
College of Agriculture, Nagpur

Nagpur is a major education hub in Central India.[180]

There are two types of schools in the city.

10+2+3/4 plan (15 years of schooling leading to the first degree), the first ten years constituting school education consisting of four years primary level, three years of upper primary level and three years of high school level with a public examination at the end of tenth class and 12th class constituting the Secondary and Higher Secondary Board Examination, respectively.[181] This is followed by either a general degree course in a chosen field of study or a professional degree course, such as law, engineering and medicine. These schools are governed by either of the following boards: Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE), Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) and The International Baccalaureate
(IB).

Admission to professional graduation colleges in Nagpur is through

NEET
.

Nagpur has five state universities: Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University (founded in 1923 as Nagpur University, one of the oldest in the country[182] and having more than 600 affiliated colleges),[183] Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Kavikulaguru Kalidas Sanskrit University, Maharashtra National Law University and Laxminarayan Innovation Technological University. Symbiosis International University also has its campus in the city [184][185][186]

Nagpur has five government medical colleges,

Government Medical College, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, Government Dental College, Government Ayurvedic College & All India Institute of Medical Sciences, and one private medical college, N.K.P. Salve Institute of Medical Sciences.[187][188] Medical colleges in the city are affiliated to Maharashtra University of Health Sciences while AIIMS is an autonomous medical university.[189]

VNIT Nagpur
RSTM Nagpur University Campus

Most engineering colleges in the city are affiliated with

NIT in Maharashtra. Indian Institute of Information Technology has been established as a PPP with TCS and Ceinsys (erstwhile ADCC Infocad) as industry partners in 2016.[190][191] A Government College of Engineering started in the academic year 2016-17.[192] National Fire Service College, under the Ministry of Home Affairs is also located in the city which was established in the year 1957.[193][194]

Nagpur has two major law schools, Maharashtra National Law University, a National Law University established in 2016 and Department of Law, Nagpur University. Further many private law colleges like Symbiosis Law School, G.H Raisoni Law College, Central India College of Law among others, which are mostly affiliated to Nagpur University also offer legal education in the city.

Nagpur has two major management institutes, Indian Institute of Management established in 2015 and Institute of Management Technology, private management college, established in 2004.[195] College of Agriculture is an old college in the city and was one of the first five agriculture colleges in the country founded in 1906 by the then British Government.[196]

Nagpur also has other centrally funded institutes like

Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation, Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Intellectual Property Management,[197] Jawaharlal Nehru Aluminium Research Development and Design Centre (JNARDDC),[198] National Institute of Miners’ Health (NIMH)[199] and National Environmental Engineering Research Institute
.

Nagpur also has an

YCMOU regional centre.[200]

Culture

Cultural events and literature

The city contains people from other Indian states as well as people belonging to the world's major faiths, and yet is known for staying calm during communal conflicts in India.

Marathi Sahitya Sammelan, the conference on Marathi Literature were held twice in Nagpur city.[202] Nagpur also hosts the annual Orange City Literature festival since 2019 and Vidarbha Literary Fest since 2020, featuring local and international authors.[203][204]
Nagpur is the head office of Aadim Samvidhan Sanrakshan Samiti (working for the rights of scheduled tribes).

The South-Central Zone Cultural Centre also sponsors cultural events in Nagpur city, such as the Orange City Craft Mela and Folk Dance Festival, Vidarbha which is noted for its numerous folk-dances such as the human tiger.[205] Newspapers are published from Nagpur in Marathi, English and Hindi. In addition, the Government of Maharashtra organises a week-long Kalidas Festival, a series of music and dance performances, by national level artists.[206] Nagpur Municipal Corporation in partnership with Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation organises Nagpur Mohotsav at Yeshwant Stadium, in which many distinguish artists participate.[207] The Nagpur Municipal Corporation also organises the Orange City International Film Festival (OCIFF) annually, in association with Saptak, Pune Film Foundation, Vidarbha Sahitya Sangh, and Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University (RTMNU).[208]

The Nagpur Central Museum (est. 1863) maintains collections are mainly for Vidarbha region. Three brothers Ghulam Ali (Kotwal), Mohammad Saaduddin (Subedar) and Mohammad Saladuddin (Minister and Kotwal) from Jhajjar are remembered as great scholars of Urdu and Persian during the reign of Maharaja Senasaheb Subha Chhatrapati Raghuji Bapusaheb Bhonsle III. They founded 'Jhajjar Bagh' at Hansapuri (Now Mominpura). In this location, they built their residence 'Aina-e Mahal', a well and a Masjid (now Masjid Ahle Hadith). 'Jhajjar Bagh' also known as 'Subedar ka Bada' was located where nowadays Mohammad Ali Road at Mominpura, Jamia Masjid, Mohammad Ali Sarai and Furqania Madrasa are located.[209]

In 2013 NMC erected the gigantic Namantar Shahid Smarak in memory of Namantar Andolan martyrs.[210] The Orange City LGBTQ Pride March is also held annually in Nagpur, along with the Nagpur LGBT Queer Carnival during the pride month[211]

Religious places and festivals

Deeksha Bhoomi

Deekshabhoomi, the largest hollow stupa or the largest dome shaped monument and an important place of the Buddhist movement is, located in Nagpur.[201] Every year on the day of Vijayadashami, i.e. Dussehra, followers of Ambedkar visit Deekshabhoomi to mark the conversion ceremony of Ambedkar and his followers in Nagpur into Buddhism that took place on 14 October 1956.[212] It has been given 'A' grade tourist place status by Maharashtra Government in March 2016.[213] 14 April, which is the birthdate of Ambedkar, is celebrated as Ambedkar Jayanti.

Jainism has a good presence in Nagpur. There are nearly 30 Jain temples. The old ones are Sengan Jain temple Ladpura, Parwarpura Jain temple, Kirana oli Jain temple, and Juna oli Jain temple. In west Nagpur Shri 1008 Shantinath Digamber Bhagwan temple is situated.[214]

Shri Ganesh

The most famous temple in Nagpur is

Swayambhu ("self-manifested") temples in the city.[215] Sri Poddareshwar Ram Mandir and Shri Mahalaxmi Devi temple of Koradi are important Hindu temples.[216]

Religious events are observed in the city throughout the year.

Dussera with enthusiasm. Celebrations lasting for several days are held on Ganesh Chaturthi and Durga Puja
festivals in virtually every small locality in the city.

Dargah Baba Tajuddin

The city also contains a sizeable Muslim population, and famous places of worship for Muslims include the Jama Masjid-Mominpura and Bohri Jamatkhana-Itwari. The most famous shrine (dargah) of Tajuddin Muhammad Badruddin is at Tajabad. Annual Urs is celebrated in great enthusiasm and unity on 26th of Muharram. Nagpur Is also called as Tajpur as the holy shirine of Sufi Saint Baba Tajuddin.

The St. Francis De Sales Cathedral is located in Sadar as well as the All Saints Cathedral church.[218] There are many south Indian temples in Nagpur like Sarveshwara Devalayam, where all south Indian festivals are celebrated like Sitarama Kalyanam, Radha Kalyanam Dhanurmasa celebration with Andal Kalyanam, Balaji temple in seminary hills where every year Bramhotsavam to Lord Balaji and Lord Kartikeya is celebrated here. There are 2 Ayyapa temples, one at Ayyapa Nagar and the other at Harihara Nagar, Raghvendraswami Mutt, Murugananda Swami Temple at Mohan Nagar, Nimishamba Devi temple Subramanyiam devastanam at Sitabuldi and many more such south Indian temples are here in Nagpur as there is quite a good populations of south Indians in Nagpur.[219]

Seminary Hill of Nagpur

Marbat Festival is a unique festival for Nagpur and is organised every year a day after the bullock festival of 'Pola'. The tradition of taking out the Marbat processions of 'kali' (black) and 'pivli' (yellow) Marbats (idols), started in 1880 in the eastern part of the city. A number of 'badgyas' (Marathi) (Meaning Mascots in English), representing contemporary symbols of evil, comprise another feature of the annual processions. This festival dates back to the 19th century when the Bhonsla dynasty ruled.[220][221]

There is a

Zoroastrian Agiary (Dar-e-Meher) in Nagpur, where the Parsi New Year is celebrated by the Parsi community in Nagpur.[222]

Arts and crafts

The tradition of painting in Nagpur was patronised by the Royal House of the

Bhagavat, Jnaaneshwari, Shakuntala, and Geeta
, and the folk patachitras related to some festivals are available besides murals. The community of artists was called chitaris (painters), and this community has today turned to sculpt.

Textile was once an important industry in Nagpur. Good quality cotton was produced in abundant quantities thanks to a suitable soil and climate. With the introduction of the railways, cotton sales and goods transport flourished. Besides cotton textiles, silk and wool weaving was also practised in the district. Silk sarees and pagota, patka, dhoti, and borders were woven with the silk thread.[223]

Every year Nagpur celebrates Orange City Literature Festival in the month of November.[224]

Cuisine

See also: Haldiram's
Kadhi-Traditional dish of Nagpur

The

Muslim area of the city and it is famous for its Mughal dishes and Biryani.[234][235] The city is also famous for rare black chickens called Kadaknath Chicken which are cooked in varhadi style.[236]

Nagpur is also famous for tarri poha, a variety of flattened rice, with a spicy chana curry and has many food joints; each having their own way of preparing and serving it.[237][238] Samosas are also famous in Nagpur and is available at many restaurants and food spots.[239] Another famous food is Patodi and Kadhi.[240]

Tourism

Tiger reserves

Nagpur is surrounded by many tiger reserves and acts as a gateway, hence called Tiger capital of India.

Umred Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary, Bor Wildlife Sanctuary, Navegaon National Park, Melghat Tiger Reserve and Kanha Tiger Reserve are the other tiger reserves which are located at a radius of 200 km from the city. The city has its own reserved forest area at Seminary Hills and Gorewada.[242][243][244]

scenic beauty of Pench Tiger reserve

Zoos, Gardens and Lakes

Sitabuldi and consists of a variety of animals.[245][246][247] Balasaheb Thackeray Gorewada International Zoological Park is an international zoo which has been set up beside Gorewada Lake and offers Wildlife Safari[248][249]

scenic beauty of Tadoba Andhari tiger reserve

The city consist of various natural and man made lakes. Khindsi Lake, Ambazari Lake and Gorewada Lake are the natural lakes of the city while Futala Lake, Shukrawari Lake, Sakkardara Lake, Zilpi Lake and Sonegaon lake are the man made lakes.[250][251] Futala Lake is being redeveloped as the world's second largest Lighting and Musical fountain which would be available for public show on tickets.[252] The city also has various gardens which consist of Ambazari Garden, Telankhedi Garden,[253][254] Satpuda Botanical Garden,[255] Japanese Garden[256] and Children's Traffic Park.[257] Apart from gardens the city also consists of various water parks.

Virendra Kumar, Union Minister of Social justice and Empowerment 26 August 2022 announced that the central government with the help of the state government will create Maharashtra's First ever "Divyang Park" and the procedure in this endeavour has started. This park will be peculiar and will have different types of facilities for Divyangjans such as textiles pathways, smell, and touch gardens, sensory gardens, Skill training facilities, sports, rehabilitation facilities, and infotainment.[258][259]

Religious places

Nagpur Central Museum

Nagpur boasts many religious structures that hold importance for differing religious beliefs.

Lord Ganesha,[264] Sai Baba Mandir at Wardha road,[265] Telankhedi Hanuman Temple,[266] Swaminarayan Temple,[267] Koradi Temple, located at Koradi,[268] Shri Poddareshwar Ram Temple,[269] Balaji Temple,[270] Siddhivinayak Temple at Zilpi, Hingna, Shri Devguru Brihaspati Dham Kshetra Chowki, at Chowki Vangram under Sawali Bibi Gram Panchayat in Hingna, All Saints Cathedral[271] and Gurudwara Guru Nanak Darbar.[272]

Museums

The city also has some museums which are

Science on a Sphere
inside.

Sports

See also: Vidarbha cricket team
Vidarbha Cricket Association stadium, Nagpur

Nagpur is a big centre for cricket in Vidarbha owing to the presence of the Vidarbha Cricket Association. Vidarbha Cricket Association (VCA) is the governing body of cricket activities in the Vidarbha region in Maharashtra. It is affiliated to the Board of Control for Cricket in India. Nagpur is one of the few Indian cities that has more than one international cricket stadium,[274][275] the older one being the Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground situated in Civil Lines, and the new one, the Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium, inaugurated in 2008 is situated in Jamtha, Wardha Road on the outskirts of the city.[276]

Kings XI Punjab along with Mohali in the 2016 season.[279][280] Vidarbha Cricket Association also has a cricket academy at the main centre in Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground and three more centres.[281] It also has its own cricket teams which play in various formats as mandated by BCCI.[282] The Vidarbha cricket team had won the Ranji Trophy and Irani Cup consecutively in 2017–18 and 2018–19 season.[283]

A view at NPL starting ceremony

Vidarbha Hockey Association is a body governing field hockey in the Vidarbha Region and is affiliated to Hockey India as an associate member.[284] Vidarbha Hockey Association Stadium is the hockey ground owned and managed by Vidarbha Hockey Association.

Nagpur District Football Association(NDFA) is the district governing body for football in Nagpur, Maharashtra and is affiliated with the Western India Football Association, the state sports governing body. The Nagpur District Football Association is a district level football body and conducts various matches among the schools and clubs. It has its own league.[285] NDFA Elite division Champions League, another football tournament, was held at Nagpur annually since 2010 until 2014 by Lokmat Group in Yeshwant Stadium.[286] Indian Friends Football Club(IFFC), Rabbani, Rahul CLub and Young Muslim Football Club (YMFC) are renowned football clubs in the city. Other clubs include, Rabbani Club, Rahul Club, City Police, South East Central Railway, Qidwai Club, SRPF, New Globe and City Club.[287] Nagpur FC has its own Football Academy in Dhanwate National College, Congress Nagar.[288] Slum Soccer is a social initiative started by Vijay Barse for young runaways and former drug addicts to rehabilitate them through football.[289]

Badminton tournaments in the city are organised by Nagpur District Badminton Association (NDBA) which is affiliated to Maharashtra Badminton Association which in turn is a member of

gymnastic facilities.[294][295]

The city's major

indoor arena is Vivekananda Nagar Indoor Sports Complex
located near Mankapur. The arena hosts several political events, concerts and sports events like badminton, basketball, lawn tennis.

The city also has various running events, for general public, organised by various institutions.[296][297]

Media

Lokmat Samachar are also circulated. Employment News, which is published weekly, is also circulated in Hindi, English and Urdu.[299] Online news portal such as Nagpur Today[300] and The Live Nagpur[301]
are also available with special focus on local news.

Big FM at 92.7 FM.[303]

Television broadcasting in Nagpur began on 15 August 1982 with the launch of

D2h and Tata Play.The city also has its own Regional DTH operator, UCN, which serves the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra headquartered in the city itself.[313]

Broadband Internet service is available in the city and is provided by various

Airtel and Jio[319][320]

Transport

Main article: Transport in Nagpur
Nagpur Junction Railway Station building

Rail

Railways started in Nagpur way back in 1867 when portion of Bombay-Bhusaval-Nagpur line was opened for traffic and train service from Nagpur to Calcutta was started in 1881.

Itwari railway station are the important stations in the city. Other railway stations in the city include Motibagh, Kalamna, Khapri and Godhani. Nagpur-Ajni rail route which is just three km (1.9 mi) long, is the shortest train run in Indian Railways primarily meant for crew to travel from Nagpur station to the workshop at Ajni.[324]

The city is the divisional headquarters for the

North Eastern Railway zone
.

Nagpur Metro Rail

Nagpur Metro

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 11 December 2022.[326] On 1 January 2023, Nagpur Metro made the record for single-day ridership of 2,02,608 passengers.[327] Construction of Phase II has also started.[328]

Nagpur broad-gauge Metro Rail

The Nagpur broad-gauge Metro is a commuter rail project planned Nagpur and extending up to adjacent districts of Wardha and Bhandara. The project is estimated to cost INR 4.18 billion and consists of four routes, each originating from Nagpur and terminating at Narkhed, Ramtek, Wardha and Bhandara.[329]

Road

Green Bus in Nagpur

Nagpur is a major junction for roadways as India's two major

Savner-Chhindwara-Narsinghpur has connected with NH 47
at Savner near Nagpur providing another optional connectivity with the northern part of India.

Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC) runs cheaper transport service for intercity, interstate, and intrastate travel. It has two bus stations in Nagpur: Nagpur Bus Sthanak (CBS-1) at Ganeshpeth and MorBhawan (CBS-2) at Jhansi Rani Square, Sitabuldi. It operates 1600 daily services from CBS-1 to long and short distances within the state and to places in other surrounding states. It also operates 750 daily services from CBS-2 to short distances within Vidarbha.

The

CNG run buses.[333] A total of 5,500 trips of 123 routes are covered by city buses. A common mobility card, called MAHA-CARD, has also been issued which will help people commute with buses and the metro rail.[334][335] A Green bus project featuring India's first ethanol-powered buses was established in August 2014.[336]

Nagpur is connected directly with Shirdi with the help of Mumbai–Nagpur Expressway, since December 2021.[337] After the expressway gets fully completed by December 2023, Nagpur will be directly connected with the state capital, Mumbai.[338] Other expressways which will link Nagpur in the coming years are Nagpur–Goa Expressway, Nagpur–Hyderabad–Bengaluru Expressway and Hyderabad–Nagpur–Indore Expressway.

Other local transport include

Autorickshaws and private taxi operators under Ola Cabs and Uber cabs.[339]

Air transport

Nagpur International Airport has the busiest air traffic control room in India.

Mihan India Private Limited (MIPL) and owned by Airports Authority of India.[340]

Nagpur's

Air Traffic Control (ATC) is the busiest in India, with more than 300 flights flying over the city every day in 2004.[341] In October 2005, Nagpur's Sonegaon Airport was declared an international airport and was renamed Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport.[342]

Nagpur is well connected by direct flights to

Sharjah and Qatar Airways operates a daily direct flight to and from Doha.[348]

The Nagpur Airport has received Special Achievement Award 2012–2013 from

ISO 27000 certificate. In fact, Nagpur is not only the first in India but also the first in world to be certified for Air navigation service provider (ANSP). There are seven airports in the world which have ISO 27000, but none of them have it for ANSP.[350]

The government of India has identified Nagpur Airport as one of the safe airports for diverted flights and emergency landing. In fact, many flights have used the airport during emergencies. This is because all international and domestic airlines had already been informed by the government to go to Nagpur during emergencies. The availability of excellent fire fighting equipment, air traffic control equipment with latest radar, along with availability of good hospitals and hotels in the city, made the airport a good choice during emergencies.[351]

Nagpur Airport has an annual capacity of 1 million passengers, but it handles more passengers than its capacity.[352] Airport expansion and improvement of service is in the cards and privatisation of the airport has been proposed by the government.[353]

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Nagpur

Sister cities

See also

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External links

Wikisource has the text of the 1920 Encyclopedia Americana article Nagpur.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nagpur.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Nagpur.
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