Nakhon Ratchasima
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Nakhon Ratchasima
โคราช Korat | |
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City of Nakhon Ratchasima เทศบาลนครนครราชสีมา | |
From top left: View of Nakhon Ratchasima, monument of Thao Suranari with the Chumphon Gate in the background, Nakhon Ratchasima railway station, 80th Birthday Stadium and Central Plaza Nakhon Ratchasima | |
UTC+7 (ICT) | |
Postcode | 30000 |
Calling code | 044 |
Website | koratcity |
Nakhon Ratchasima (Thai: นครราชสีมา, pronounced [ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn râːt.t͡ɕʰā.sǐː.māː]) is the capital of Nakhon Ratchasima province and the third largest city in Thailand. It is one of the four major cities of Isan (Northeast Thailand), known as the "big four of Isan". The city is commonly known as Korat (โคราช, pronounced [kʰōː.râːt]), a shortened form of its name.
Korat is at the western edge of the
Toponymy
Archaeological evidence suggests that in
The city is commonly known as "Korat" (Thai: โคราช), which is a short version of the ancient Khmer name "ankor raj".
History
Prior to the 14th century, the area of Nakhon Ratchasima was under
King Narai of Ayutthaya in the 17th century, ordered a new city built on the site to serve as a stronghold on Ayutthaya's northeastern frontier. Nakhon Ratchasima was thereafter mentioned in Siamese chronicles and legal documents as a "second-class" city of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. A royal governor ruled the city in a hereditary position.
After the
In 1826,
Nakhon Ratchasima continued to be an important political and economic center in the northeastern region under the
In October 1933, after the Siamese revolution of 1932 ended the absolute monarchy, Nakhon Ratchasima became the headquarters of the Boworadet Rebellion, an abortive uprising against the new government in Bangkok.[citation needed]
During World War II, the troops from Nakhon Ratchasima joined the fight in Franco-Thai War, The Thai army was able to temporarily recapture some of the territory. After the war, the United States helped build Mittraphap Road from Saraburi to Nakhon Ratchasima.
In April 1981 during another attempted coup, the government, together with the royal family, took refuge in Korat.[citation needed]
From 1962 to 1976, during the Vietnam War, Korat Royal Thai Air Force Base hosted components of the Royal Thai Air Force, the United States Air Force, and a complement of the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF). After the US withdrawal in 1976, the Thai Air Force assumed full control. During the 1980s and early 1990s, the airfield was jointly operated as a civil airport for Nakhon Ratchasima. This ended with the opening of Nakhon Ratchasima Airport in the early 1990s.
On 13 August 1993, Thailand's worst disaster happened in the city, the collapse of the Royal Plaza Hotel, killing 137 people.[4]
On 8 and 9 February 2020, Thailand's deadliest shooting occurred in the city, when an offduty Royal Thai Army Sergeant shot 29 people dead and wounded 58 others, mostly at the local Terminal 21 mall, before being killed by responding officers.[5]
Demography
As of 2019[update], Nakhon Ratchasima Municipality had a population of 126,391. This number represents only part of the city's current size.
To reflect the population growth since Korat's original designation as a city municipality (thesaban nakhon) in 1995, both the Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning and the Nakhon Ratchasima Provincial Administrative Organization regularly publish up-to-date city boundaries (Thai: เขตเมือง).[6] These boundaries extend the original municipal borders into adjacent sub-districts, and comprise the whole Capital district of Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima, which forms Korat's urban area. With an urban population of 466,098, Korat is the third largest city in Thailand, behind Bangkok and Chiang Mai.[1]
Administration
On 4 January 1908 Pho Klang subdistrict became Nakhon Ratchasima sanitation.[7]
The sanitation changed to town municipality (
Climate
Nakhon Ratchasima has a tropical savanna climate (Aw in the Köppen climate classification), with the large majority of its rain falling between May and October.
Climate data for Nakhon Ratchasima (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 37.7 (99.9) |
40.6 (105.1) |
42.3 (108.1) |
43.2 (109.8) |
41.8 (107.2) |
39.2 (102.6) |
39.2 (102.6) |
37.2 (99.0) |
36.7 (98.1) |
35.1 (95.2) |
36.1 (97.0) |
36.0 (96.8) |
43.2 (109.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.0 (87.8) |
33.5 (92.3) |
35.7 (96.3) |
36.6 (97.9) |
35.4 (95.7) |
34.7 (94.5) |
34.0 (93.2) |
33.3 (91.9) |
32.4 (90.3) |
31.3 (88.3) |
30.9 (87.6) |
29.9 (85.8) |
33.2 (91.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.8 (76.6) |
26.9 (80.4) |
29.2 (84.6) |
30.1 (86.2) |
29.5 (85.1) |
29.3 (84.7) |
28.8 (83.8) |
28.3 (82.9) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
26.0 (78.8) |
24.4 (75.9) |
27.7 (81.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.2 (66.6) |
21.1 (70.0) |
23.7 (74.7) |
25.1 (77.2) |
25.4 (77.7) |
25.4 (77.7) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.8 (76.6) |
24.4 (75.9) |
23.6 (74.5) |
21.5 (70.7) |
19.3 (66.7) |
23.2 (73.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | 4.9 (40.8) |
10.6 (51.1) |
13.0 (55.4) |
19.0 (66.2) |
21.5 (70.7) |
22.0 (71.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
21.7 (71.1) |
20.4 (68.7) |
16.6 (61.9) |
9.1 (48.4) |
6.2 (43.2) |
4.9 (40.8) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 8.6 (0.34) |
12.7 (0.50) |
46.3 (1.82) |
79.5 (3.13) |
151.7 (5.97) |
120.0 (4.72) |
130.1 (5.12) |
178.0 (7.01) |
238.8 (9.40) |
135.0 (5.31) |
19.6 (0.77) |
2.6 (0.10) |
1,122.9 (44.21) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 1.0 | 1.3 | 3.7 | 5.7 | 10.5 | 9.2 | 10.1 | 12.5 | 14.4 | 8.9 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 79.8 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
65.7 | 62.1 | 62.6 | 66.4 | 73.4 | 73.0 | 74.0 | 76.6 | 81.2 | 78.4 | 71.2 | 66.4 | 70.9 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 226.3 | 211.9 | 201.5 | 186.0 | 155.0 | 114.0 | 117.8 | 117.8 | 108.0 | 145.7 | 186.0 | 226.3 | 1,996.3 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 7.3 | 7.5 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 4.7 | 6.2 | 7.3 | 5.5 |
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[11] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department (sun 1981–2010)[12](extremes)[13] |
Economy
Korat's economy has traditionally been heavily dependent on agriculture. It is known as a processing centre for Isan's production of rice, tapioca, and sugar. The Isan region accounts for half of Thailand's exports of those commodities. Together, these three agricultural commodities employ 700,000 Isan families. Korat is also one of two sites in Thailand manufacturing disk drives by Seagate Technology, employing 12,100 workers in Korat.[14][15]
Retail
Korat has become the commercial hub, not only for Isan, but also for neighbouring Cambodia and Laos. All three of Thailand's largest Bangkok-based department store chains have invested in expansive outlets in the city, which will provide one million square metres of retail space by late 2017.[14]
Transport
Air
Nakhon Ratchasima Airport lies 26 kilometres (16 mi) east of the city.[16] There are no scheduled air services operating from the airport.
Rail
Nakhon Ratchasima is on the northeastern railway line, connecting Bangkok with
Road
Passing near the city is Mittraphap Road (Thailand Route 2), the main arterial road that joins Bangkok with the province capitals of Saraburi, Nakhon Ratchasima. Khon Kaen, Udon Thani, and Nong Khai (the major gateway to Laos). A new motorway connecting Korat to Bangkok is under construction in 2016 and will reduce travel time on the 250 km (160 mi) journey to just over two hours.[14]
Education
Universities
There are four universities in the area.
- Suranaree University of Technology
- Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University
- Rajamangala University of Technology Isan
- Vongchavalitkul University
Schools
- Anuban Sansanook School
- Saint Mary's College Nakhon Ratchasima
- Suratham Pitak School
- Rajsima Wittayalai School
- Suranaree Witthaya School
- Suranaree 2 Nakhon Ratchasima
- Boonwattana School
- St.Mary Business Administration College
- Assumption College Nakhonratchasima
- Marie vitthaya School Nakhon Ratchasima
- Sarasas Witaed Nakhon Ratchasima
- Koratpittayakom Nakhon Ratchasima
International schools
- Wesley International School
- Anglo Singapore International School (Korat Campus)
- Sarasas Witaed Nakhon Ratchasima 1
- Sarasas Witaed Nakhon Ratchasima 2
Hospitals
- Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital
- Fort Suranaree Hospital
- Saint Mary's Hospital
- Korat Memorial Hospital
- Bangkok-Ratchasima Hospital
- Po-Pat Hospital
- Po-Pat 2 Hospital
- The Golden Gate Hospital
Sports
The 80th Birthday Stadium is the main stadium in
The stadium is in the former SEA Games sports complex on Highway 304 (Pak Thong Chai Road) to the southwest of the city. The stadium is all-seats with a capacity of 20,000.
Nakhon Ratchasima is the home of the four-times
See also
- List of Cities, Towns and Townships in Nakhon Ratchasima Province
References
- ^ a b c รายงานสถิติจำนวนประชากรและบ้านประจำปี พ.ศ.2562 [Statistics, population and house statistics for the year 2019]. Registration Office Department of the Interior, Ministry of the Interior (in Thai). 31 December 2019. Archived from the original on 14 June 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2020. Archiving is not necessary because DOPA provides data from 1993 to future years.
- OCLC 500095794.
- ^ "Siam's First Railway". The Straits Times. 28 December 1900. p. 2. Retrieved 2022-09-25 – via newspaperSG.
- ^ "Court orders five to pay Bt152 million compensation for Korat Hotel collapse". The Nation. 7 March 2009. Archived from the original on 30 March 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
- ^ "One gunman, four locations, 29 dead: how the mass shooting in Thailand unfolded". Reuters. 9 February 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ "Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning, City plans, Nakhon Ratchasima".
- ^ ประกาศ ใชัพระราชบญญัติศุขาภิบาล ในตำบอโพกลาง มณฑลนครราชสีมา ร.ศ. ๑๒๗ [Announcement: Act Pho Klang sanitation, Nakhon Ratchasima monthon R.E. 127 (1908)] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 25 (40): 1183. 3 January 1908. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 22, 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ พระราชกฤษฎีกา จัดตั้งเทศบาลเมืองนครราชสีมา จังหวัดนครราชสีมา พุทธศักราช ๒๔๗๘ [Royal Decree of Nakhon Ratchasima town municipality, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Buddhist Era 2478 (1935)] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 52: 1675–1681. 10 December 1935. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 22, 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ พระราชกฤษฎีกา จัดตั้งเทศบาลเมืองนครราชสีมา จังหวัดนครราชสีมา (ฉบับที ๒) พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘0 [Royal Decree Change of Nakhon Ratchasima town municipality, Nakhon Ratchasima province, (Issue 2) Buddhist Era 2480 (1937)] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 111 (54): 1764–1768. 7 March 1937. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 22, 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
- ^ พระราชกฤษฎีกา จัดตั้งเทศบาลนครนครราชสีมา จังหวัดนครราชสีมา พุทธศักราช ๒๔๗๘ [Royal Decree of Nakhon Ratchasima city municipality, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Buddhist Era 2538 (1995)] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 112 (40 Kor): 33–36. 24 September 1995. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 10, 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ ปริมาณการใช้น้ำของพืชอ้างอิงโดยวิธีของ Penman Monteith (Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith) (PDF) (in Thai). Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department. p. 59. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
- ^ "Climatological Data for the Period 1981–2010". Thai Meteorological Department. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ a b c d Janssen, Peter (2 November 2016). "Thailand takes a long-term gamble on Isaan region". Nikkei Asian Review. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
- ^ Temphairojana, Pairat (2015-02-10). "Seagate to invest $470 mln in Thailand over next 5 years". Reuters. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
- ^ "Nakhon Ratchasima Airport". Flightstats.com. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
- ^ "Thailand's high-speed railway will carry first passengers in 2023". The Thaiger. 4 September 2019. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
External links
- What's On Korat (www.whatsonkorat.com) is an online English guide to Korat / Nakhon Ratchasima with an up to date Facebook page
- Nakhon Ratchasima travel guide from Wikivoyage