Name-bearing type

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Under the

Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris, does not represent the same species as the Noronha skink, the name maculata cannot be used for the latter.[5]

Effect on synonymy

Under the ICZN, two names of the same rank that have the same name-bearing type are

subjective synonym is based on a different name-bearing type, but is regarded as representing the same taxon;[8] for example, the name Viverra touan Shaw, 1800, is based on a different name-bearing type (a specimen in the Field Museum of Natural History), but is currently regarded as representing the same species as Didelphis brevicaudata and Didelphys brachyuros.[9]

Family group

"Family-group" ranks include the

Nyctomys as its type genus and its name consists of the stem of the type genus, Nyctomy-, and the appropriate ending for a tribe, -ini.[11]

Genus group

"Genus group" ranks consist of the genus and subgenus.[12] The name-bearing type for a genus-group taxon is the type species,[3] which must be one of the species included when that taxon ("genus" hereafter for brevity) was first formally named[13] or, when no species were included when the genus was named, one of the first species that were subsequently included in it.[14] A genus described after 1930 (1999 for ichnotaxa) must have its type species fixed when first named;[15] in taxa described earlier without such an explicit designation, the type species can be fixed subsequently.[16] For example, the skink genus Euprepis contained nine species when first described by Wagler in 1830, but no type species was designated. In 2002, Mausfeld and others used the name for a mainly African group of skinks, designating Lacerta punctata Linnaeus, 1758, as the type species (currently Lygosoma punctatum), but in 2003, Bauer noted that Loveridge had already fixed the type species of Euprepis in 1957 as Scincus agilis (currently Mabuya agilis), invalidating the later fixation by Mausfeld and others. Accordingly, Euprepis is now a subjective synonym of Mabuya and the mostly African group Mausfeld and others incorrectly called Euprepis is known as Trachylepis.[17]

Species group

Official "species-group" ranks consist of just the

neotypes.[4] If a taxon has syntypes, one of those can be selected as the lectotype,[23] upon which act the others lose the status of syntype.[24] A neotype may be designated to replace the previous name-bearing type when the original type is lost or by application to the Commission when the previous name-bearing type cannot be identified.[25] For example, Shaw's name Viverra touan was based on a description of "Le Touan" by Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, which left the identity of the name uncertain, and in 2001 Voss and others selected as the neotype a specimen in the Field Museum of Natural History, which thereby becomes the name-bearing type.[26]

lectotype of the slipper lobster Scyllarides latus.[27]

The name-bearing type is usually an individual animal in a museum collection; for example, the name-bearing type (in this case, lectotype) of the skink species currently known as

hapantotype), and some others.[28] If an illustration or description is used as the basis of a species, the specimen or group of specimens illustrated or described is the name-bearing type (not the illustration or description itself), even if no longer in existence.[29]

See also

Notes

References to "Code" refer to the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999).
  1. ^ Code, Article 61.1
  2. ^ a b Code, Article 63
  3. ^ a b Code, Article 67.1
  4. ^ a b c d Code, Article 72.1.2
  5. ^ Mausfeld and Vrcibradic, 2002, pp. 293–294; Miralles et al., 2009, p. 62
  6. ^ Code, Glossary, "objective synonym"
  7. ^ Voss et al., 2001, p. 56
  8. ^ Code, Glossary, "subjective synonym"; Article 61.3.1
  9. ^ Voss et al., 2001, pp. 56–58
  10. ^ Code, Article 35.1
  11. ^ Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1187; Code, Article 29.2
  12. ^ Code, Article 42.1
  13. ^ Code, Article 67.2
  14. ^ Code, Article 67.2.2
  15. ^ Code, Article 67.4
  16. ^ Code, Article 69.1
  17. ^ Bauer, 2003, pp. 4–5
  18. ^ a b Miralles et al., 2009, fig. 7, p. 62
  19. ^ Code, Article 45.1
  20. ^ Code, Article 72.10, Recommendations 72D–F
  21. ^ Code, Article 73.1
  22. ^ Code, Article 73.2
  23. ^ Code, Article 74.1
  24. ^ Code, Article 73.2.2
  25. ^ Code, Article 75
  26. ^ Voss et al., 2001, pp. 57–58; Code, Article 75.1
  27. ^ Holthuis, 1996, p. 188; Code, Article 72.5.1
  28. ^ Code, Article 72.5
  29. ^ Code, Articles 72.5.1, 73.4.1

Literature cited

  • Bauer, A.M. 2003. "On the identity of Lacerta punctata (Linnaeus 1758), the type species of the genus Euprepis (Wagler 1830), and the generic assignment of Afro-Malagasy skinks." African Journal of Herpetology 52:1–7.
  • Groves, C.P. 2005. "Order Primates." Pp. 111–184 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 3rd ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. 
  • Holthuis, L.B. 1996. "Original watercolours donated by Cornelius Sittardus to Conrad Gesner, and published by Gesner in his (1558–1670) works on aquatic animals". Zoologische Mededelingen 70:169–196.
  • International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4th ed. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature.
  • Mausfeld, P. and Vrcibradic, D. 2002. On the nomenclature of the skink (Mabuya) endemic to the western Atlantic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil (subscription only). Journal of Herpetology 36(2):292–295.
  • Miralles, A., Chaparro, J.C. and Harvey, M.B. 2009. "Three rare and enigmatic South American skinks" (first page only). Zootaxa 2012:47–68.
  • Musser, G.G. and Carleton, M.D. 2005. "Superfamily Muroidea." Pp. 894–1531 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). "Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 3rd ed." Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. 
  • Voss, R.S., Lunde, D.P. and Simmons, N.B. 2001. "The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana: a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 2. Nonvolant species." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 263:1–236.