Nangarhar Province

Coordinates: 34°15′N 70°30′E / 34.25°N 70.50°E / 34.25; 70.50
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"Nangarhar" redirects here. For other uses, see Nangarhar (disambiguation).
Nangarhar Province
ننگرهار
UTC+4:30 (Afghanistan Time)
Postal code
26XX
ISO 3166 codeAF-NAN
Main languagesPashto, Dari

Nangarhār (Pashto: ننګرهار; Dari: ننگرهار), also called Nangrahar or Ningrahar, is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the eastern part of the country and bordering Logar, Kabul, Laghman and Kunar provinces as well as having an international border with Pakistan. It is divided into 22 districts and has a population of about 1,735,531,[3] the third highest of the country's 34 provinces. The city of Jalalabad is the capital of Nangarhar province. Nangarhar province is famous for its fish and karahi dishes.[4]

Etymology

viharas".[6]

History

Further information: History of Afghanistan
Part of a series on the
History of Afghanistan
Timeline
Hephthalite Empire
 410–557
Nezak Huns 484–711
Medieval
Kabul Shahi 565–879
Principality of Chaghaniyan 7th–8th centuries
Rashidun Caliphate 652–661
Tang China 660–669
Tibetan Empire 660–842
Umayyads 661–750
Zunbils 680–870
Lawik750-977
Abbasids 750–821
Tahirids 821–873
Saffarids 863–900
Samanids 875–999
Ghaznavids 963–1187
Ghurids before 879–1215
Seljuks 1037–1194
Khwarezmids 1215–1231
Mongol Invasion 1219–1226
Chagatai Khanate 1226–1245
Qarlughids 1224–1266
Ilkhanate 1256–1335
Kartids 1245–1381
Timurids 1370–1507
Arghuns 1520–1591
Modern
Tanai coup attempt
 1990
Islamic State 1992–1996
Islamic Emirate 1996–2001
US invasion 2001
Islamic State (reinstated) 2001
Interim/Transitional Administration 2001–2004
Islamic Republic (politics) 2004–2021
Islamic Emirate (reinstated) since 2021
Related historical regions
Related topics

Early history

The province was originally part of the Achaemenid Empire, in the Gandhara satrapy (province). The people in the area were originally Hindus and Buddhists. The Nangarhar province territory and the Eastern Iranian peoples there fell to the Maurya Empire, which was led by Chandragupta Maurya. Seleucus is said to have reached a peace treaty with Chandragupta by giving control of the territory south of the Hindu Kush to the Mauryas upon intermarriage and 500 elephants.

Darūntah).[7]

The region fell to the

Ghorids followed by the Khaljis, Lodhis and the Moghuals, until finally becoming part of Ahmad Shah Durrani's Afghan Empire
in 1747.

During the

King Amanullah Khan and British-Indians near the Durand Line
border areas.

The province remained relatively calm until the 1980s

civil war. This was followed by the Taliban take-over in 1996 and the establishment of al-Qaeda training camps in Nangarhar province.[citation needed
]

Recent history

See also: 2007 Shinwar shooting and Haska Meyna wedding party airstrike
Branches of the Kunar River meet with the Kabul River in Nangarhar

Osama bin Laden held a strong position in Nangarhar during the late 1990s. He led a fight against US-led forces in the 2001 Tora Bora campaign. He ultimately escaped to Abbottabad, Pakistan, where he was killed in a night raid by members of SEAL Team Six in 2011.

After the removal of the

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Khorasan Province (ISIL-KP) are often blamed for the attacks, which sometimes include major suicide bombings. Several incursions by Pakistani military forces have also been reported in the districts next to the Durand Line border. The focus of the conflict is on the Kabul and Kunar
rivers, which run through Nangarhar.

On 13 April 2017, U.S. President

targeted strike on ISIL-KP by use of the second largest non-nuclear bomb in the U.S. arsenal at the time. The bomb was a 21,000 lb. weapon called the Massive Ordnance Air Blast Bomb; nicknamed the "Mother Of All Bombs" (MOAB). The intended target was ISIL militants hiding inside tunnels, most of whom came "from Bangladesh, Russia, India and other countries."[11]
It was the first time the MOAB had been used in combat.

Healthcare

Further information: Health in Afghanistan

The percentage of households with clean drinking water fell from 43% in 2005 to 8% in 2011.[12] The percentage of births attended to by a skilled birth attendant increased from 22% in 2005 to 60% in 2011.[12]

Education

Further information: Education in Afghanistan

Nangarhar University is located in the provincial capital, Jalalabad. It is government-funded and provides higher education to nearly 6,000 students from the region.

A number of schools operate in the province, providing basic education to both boys and girls. The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) increased from 29% in 2005 to 31% in 2011.[12] The overall net enrollment rate (6–13 years of age) increased from 39% in 2005 to 51% in 2011.[12]

Economy

Further information: Economy of Afghanistan
Afghan customs and border patrol station at the Torkham border crossing
in 2013

The Jalalabad plain is one of the principal agricultural areas of Afghanistan. The strong agricultural base, coupled with the crucial trade route connecting Kabul with Peshawar, makes Nangarhar one of the more economically diverse and functional provinces of Afghanistan.

border crossings between Afghanistan and Pakistan. It is the busiest port of entry
between the two countries, serving as a major economical hub for the province.

Nangarhar is famous in Afghanistan for producing

opium poppy
production in the country.

Transportation

Further information: Transport in Afghanistan

The Jalalabad Airport is located next to the city of Jalalabad. It serves the populations of Nangarhar, Kunar, Nuristan, and other nearby provinces.

The Kabul–Jalalabad Road runs throughout the province, linking Kabul with Jalalabad and extending east through Khyber Pass to Peshawar. It is one of the busiest major roads in Afghanistan.

Geography

Further information: Geography of Afghanistan
Nangarhar Overview

Demographics

Further information: Demographics of Afghanistan
Ethnolinguistic groups in Afghanistan
Districts of Nangarhar province

As of 2021, the population of the province is around 1,735,531.[3] Over 90% of the population is Pashtun and the remaining is made up of Pashais, Tajiks, Arabs, and other ethnic groups.[17] The 18th edition Ethnologue states on p. 48 that Nangarhar is the center of the (smaller) Northern Pashto language in Afghanistan. Only 1 in 5 Afghan Pashtuns use the Northern variety.

Districts

Nangarhar is divided into 22 districts. They are as follows:

Districts of Nangarhar Province
District Capital Population[3] Area[18] Pop.
density 		Notes
Jalalabad
 Jalalabad 271,867 122 2,228 85% Pashtun, 9% Hazara, 6% Pashai and other.[19]
Haska Meyna/Deh Bala Haska Meyna 45,570 337 135 100% Pashtun.[20]
Shinwar Shinwar 67,758 133 508 100% Pashtun.[21]
Achin Achin 113,328 466 243 100% Pashtun.[22] Includes the Spin Ghar District.
Bihsud Bishud 128,474 265 485 95% Pashtun (55%
Jalalabad District
.
Chaparhar Chaparhar 68,156 277 246 100% Pashtun.[24]
Darai Nur Darai Nur 45,571 253 180 99% Pashai, 1% Pashtun.[25]
Bati Kot Bati Kot 85,562 195 438 100% Pashtun.[26]
Dur Baba Dur Baba 26,306 302 87 100% Pashtun.[27]
Goshta Goshta 30,823 523 59 100% Pashtun.[28]
Hisarak
 Hisarak 34,809 620 56 100% Pashtun.[29]
Kama Kama 86,890 229 380 97% Pashtun, 2% Uzbek, 1% Hazara.[30]
Khogyani
 Kaga 147,745 789 187 100% Pashtun.[31]
Kot Kot 58,857 188 313 99% Pashtun, 1% Tajik.[32] Created in 2005 within Rodat District
Kuz Kunar Kuz Kunar 62,178 298 209 75% Pashtun, 25% Pashai and others.[33]
Lal Pur Lal Pur 23,117 475 49 100% Pashtun.[34]
Momand Dara Momand Dara 50,752 240 211 100% Pashtun.[35]
Nazyan Nayzan 16,607 188 88 100% Pashtun.[36]
Pachir Aw Agam 48,095 516 93 100% Pashtun.[37]
Rodat 78,121 272 287 100% Pashtun.[38] Sub-divided in 2005
Sherzad 74,932 480 156 100% Pashtun.[39]
Surkh Rod
 136,180 312 437 88% Pashtun, 5% Hazara, 7% Pashai, Hindu and others.[40]
Nangarhar 1,701,698 7,641 223 92.5% Pashtuns (89.5% Pashtun tribes, 3.0% Pashtunized Arabs), 4.8% Pashayi, 2.3% Hazaras, 0.3% Hindus, 0.1% Uzbeks, <0.1% Tajiks.[note 1]
  1. ^ Note: "Predominantely" or "dominated" is interpreted as 99%, "majority" as 70%, "mixed" as 1/(number of ethnicities), "minority" as 30% and "few" or "some" as 1%.

Sports

Further information: Sport in Afghanistan
The Sherzai Cricket Stadium under construction in June 2011

The province is represented in domestic

Rashid Khan
were born in the province.

De Spinghar Bazan is a regional team in the Roshan Afghan Premier League based in Jalalabad. Jalalabad Regional Football Tournament were four local team plays like Malang Jan, Shaheed Qasim, Afghan Refugees and Laghman for to find raw talent in Afghan Premier League.[41] Wrestling in Jalalabad was modernized by Davud Sulaymankhil, a Pashtun orator and athlete. Now, several wrestling teams (most notably the Suleim Wrestling Team founded by Davud Sulaymanhil) represent the province in national events.

Stadiums

Notable people

Former Prime Minister of Afghanistan

See also

References

  1. ^ "Taliban appoint new leaders of two provinces in Eastern Afghanistan after deadly attacks". The Nation. 21 September 2021. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  2. ^ "ننګرهارکې پر خواوشاه دوه زره کورنیو نغدې او ژمنۍ مرستې وویشل شوې نور حال په راپور کښې". 20 December 2021. Archived from the original on 5 January 2022. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d "Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2021-22" (PDF). National Statistic and Information Authority (NSIA). April 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  4. ^ "Picnic Along Kabul-Nangarhar Attractions". ARCH International.
  5. ^ Hodivala, Shahpurshah Hormasji (1939). Studies in Indo-Muslim History. Archived from the original on 2022-04-03. Retrieved 2020-09-16.
  6. OCLC 2862294. Archived
    from the original on 2024-04-13. Retrieved 2018-07-05.
  7. ^ Chinese Travelers in Afghanistan Archived 2018-12-24 at the Wayback Machine. Alamahabibi.com. Retrieved on 12 July 2013.
  8. Ferishta, History of the Rise of Mohammedan Power in India, Volume 1: Section 15. Packard Humanities Institute. Archived from the original
    on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2012.
  9. ISBN 90-04-08265-4. Archived
    from the original on 13 April 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
  10. ^ "Afghan and Afghanistan". Abdul Hai Habibi. alamahabibi.com. 1969. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
  11. ^ "Bangladeshis, Indians among militants killed by MOAB". Pajhwok Afghan News. 20 April 2017. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
  12. ^ a b c d Archive, Civil Military Fusion Centre, https://www.cimicweb.org/AfghanistanProvincialMap/Pages/Nangarhar.aspx Archived 2014-05-31 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ "Nangarhar to plant sweet orange on 3,000 acres land". Pajhwok Afghan News. 15 November 2021. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  14. ^ "Nangarhar to produce 15 tonnes of dates this year". Pajhwok Afghan News. 9 September 2021. Archived from the original on 10 September 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  15. ^ Nangarhar Canal Project Enjoys Bumper Orange Season (in Dari). TOLOnews. 23 December 2017. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  16. ^ Olive Production Nangarhar (in Dari). Voice of America. 8 October 2018. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  17. ^ "Nangarhar Province". Understanding War. Archived from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  18. ^ Andrew Ross. "Afghanistan Geographic & Thematic Layers". Fao.org. Archived from the original on 4 October 2001. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  19. ^ "UNHCR Sub-Office JALALABAD DISTRICT PROFILE – Jalalabad City" (PDF). aims.org.af. 4 August 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2005. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  20. ^ "UNHCR Sub-Office JALALABAD DISTRICT PROFILE – Dih Bala" (PDF). aims.org.af. 21 May 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2005. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  21. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051027182927/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/shinwar.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  22. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051027180043/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/achin.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  23. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051027181504/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/behsud.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  24. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051027185206/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/chaparhar.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  25. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20061007064554/http://www.aims.org.af/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/dara_i_nur.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  26. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051027183931/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/bati_kot.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  27. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051027184024/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/dur_baba.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  28. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051027181529/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/goshta.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  29. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051027182815/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/hisarak.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  30. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051027175037/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/kama.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  31. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051027184050/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/khogyani.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  32. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051027173858/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/kot.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  33. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051027185310/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/kuz_kunar.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  34. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051027182839/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/lal_pur.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  35. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051027192043/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/muhmand_dara.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  36. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051027181551/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/nazyan.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  37. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20061007064453/http://www.aims.org.af/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/pachir_wa_agam.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  38. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051027180119/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/rodat.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  39. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051027182902/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/sherzad.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  40. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20051027185336/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nangarhar/surkh_rod.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  41. ^ "Green Field Jalalabad Regional Tournament". APL. 4 June 2013. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
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