Prince Napoléon-Jérôme Bonaparte

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Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte
)
For other people named Napoleon, see Napoleon (disambiguation).
Prince Napoléon-Jérôme Bonaparte
Prince of Montfort
Napoléon Eugène, Prince Imperial
SuccessorLouis, Prince Napoléon[1]
or
Victor, Prince Napoléon
Born(1822-09-09)9 September 1822
Trieste, Austria
Died17 March 1891(1891-03-17) (aged 68)
Rome, Italy
Burial
Basilica of Superga, Turin
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1859)​
Maria Letizia, Duchess of Aosta
HouseBonaparte
FatherJérôme Bonaparte
MotherCatharina of Württemberg

Prince Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte

Georges Boulanger, together with other monarchist forces.[6]

As well as bearing the title of Prince Napoléon, given to him by his cousin Emperor Napoleon III in 1852,[7] he was also 2nd Prince of Montfort, 1st Count of Meudon and Count of Moncalieri, following his marriage with Maria Clotilde of Savoy in 1859. His popular nickname, Plon-Plon, stemmed from his difficulty in pronouncing his own name while still a child, although other notable historians and contemporary letters by his nephew Colonel Jérôme Bonaparte claim it was because he ran in cowardice during battle when the bombs fell. Another nickname, "Craint-Plomb" ("Afraid-of-Lead",) was given to him by the army due to his absence from the Battle of Solferino.

Biography

Born at

Italian nationalists. Until Napoleon III produced an heir apparent, the Bonaparte family were at odds for who should be the heir presumptive, a matter complicated by Jérôme Bonaparte's first marriage to American Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte, with whom he had a son, Jérôme Napoléon Bonaparte
. A meeting of the Bonaparte family, presided over by Napoleon III, determined that while Jérôme Napoléon Bonaparte was not considered illegitimate, he would be excluded from the line of succession, making Prince Napoléon the heir presumptive.

An

sovereignty
in Rome. The Emperor was to navigate between the two influences throughout his reign.

When his cousin became president in 1848, Napoléon-Jérôme was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain. He later served in a military capacity as general of a division in the Crimean War, as Governor of Algeria, and as a corps commander in the French Army of Italy in 1859.

Prince Napoléon-Jérôme with his two sons by his second marriage

As part of his cousin's policy of alliance with Piedmont-Sardinia, in 1859 Napoléon-Jérôme married

Victor Emmanuel II of Italy. However this did not prevent a nine-year relationship with the courtesan Cora Pearl
.

When Louis-Napoléon, Prince Imperial died in 1879, Prince Napoléon-Jérôme became, genealogically, the most senior member of the Bonaparte family,[8] but the Prince Imperial's will excluded him from the succession, nominating Prince Napoléon-Jérôme's son Victor as his successor. As a result, Prince Napoléon-Jérôme and his son quarreled for the remainder of Prince Napoléon-Jérôme's life. In his final will, Napoléon-Jérôme excluded Victor as his heir, declaring him "a traitor and a rebel", instead nominating his younger son Louis as his successor.[1]

Prince Napoléon-Jérôme, upon being banished from France by the 1886 law exiling heads of the nation's former ruling dynasties, settled at Prangins on the shores of Lake Geneva, in Vaud, Switzerland where, during the Second Empire, he had acquired a piece of property.[8] The assets he left his heir were extremely modest: Besides the Villa Prangins and the adjoining estate of 75 hectares, estimated at 800,000 francs of the time, approximately 130 million of France's old francs, they were limited to a portfolio valued at 1,000,000 (1891) francs, about 160 million old francs.[8]

Prince Napoléon-Jérôme died in Rome in 1891, aged 68.

Issue

He and Princess Maria Clotilde had three children:[9]

Name Birth Death Notes
Victor, Prince Napoléon 1862 1926 married Princess Clémentine of Belgium, a daughter of Leopold II of Belgium.
Louis Bonaparte 1864 1932 Russian Lieutenant General and Governor of
Erivan
Maria Letizia Bonaparte
 1866 1926 who in 1888 became the second wife of her maternal uncle
King of Spain
.

Honours

References in popular fiction

  • Prince Napoléon-Jérôme takes a leading role in
    Bonapartist
    claim over him.
  • Prince Napoléon-Jérôme is a minor character in
    Napoléon, Prince Imperial in 1879
    .

Ancestry

References

  1. ^ a b Valynseele, Joseph (1967). Les Prétendants aux Trônes d'Europe (in French). Paris. pp. 226–231.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ Treccani (ed.). Bonaparte, Napoleone Giuseppe Carlo Paolo, detto il principe Girolamo, soprannominato Plon Plon (in Italian).
  3. ISBN 9780801864629
    .
  4. ISBN 9780521400459
    .
  5. ^ Laetitia de Witt, Le prince Victor Napoléon 1862-1926, Fayard, Paris, 2007, p. 9.
  6. ^ Barjot, Jean-Pierre Chaline & André Encrevé, La France au xixe siècle 1814-1914.
  7. ^ "Article 6 of consulting of December 25, 1852". Digithèque de matériaux juridiques et politiques (in French).
  8. ^ a b c d Joseph Valynseele [in French] (1967). Les Prétendants aux Trônes d'Europe. France: Saintard de la Rochelle. p. 179.
  9. ISBN 978-0-312-04944-7
    .
  10. ^ Base léonore.
  11. ^ Ferdinand Veldekens (1858). Le livre d'or de l'ordre de Léopold et de la croix de fer. lelong. p. 188.
  12. ^ Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) The Knights of England, I, London, p. 191
  13. ^ Sveriges och Norges statskalender. Liberförlag. 1874. pp. 468, 703.
  14. ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2
    .

Further reading

  • Battesti, Michèle (2010) Plon-Plon: le Bonaparte Rouge.
  • Berthet-Leleux, François (1932) Le vrai prince Napoléon--Jérôme
  • Flammarion, Gaston (1939) Un neveu de Napoléon Ier, le prince Napoléon (Jérôme) 1822-1891
  • Edgar Holt, Plon-Plon: The Life of Prince Napoleon (London: Michael Joseph, 1973).

External links

Media related to Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte at Wikimedia Commons

Prince Napoléon-Jérôme Bonaparte
Born: 9 September 1822 Died: 17 March 1891
Titles in pretence
Preceded by
Napoléon IV Eugène
 — TITULAR —
Emperor of the French
1 June 1879 - 17 March 1891
Reason for succession failure:
Empire abolished in 1870 		Succeeded by
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