Napoleonic era
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Napoleonic era | |||
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1799–1815 | |||
Napoleon Bonaparte
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Chronology
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The Napoleonic era is a period in the
Whilst working to stabilise France, Napoleon also sought to extend his authority throughout Europe. Napoleon's armies conquered the Iberian and Italian peninsulas, occupied lands, and he forced Austria, Prussia, and Russia to ally with him and respect French hegemony in Europe. The United Kingdom refused to recognize French hegemony and continued the war throughout.
The
History
The Napoleonic era is a period in the history of France and Europe. It is generally classified as including the fourth and final stage of the French Revolution, the first being the National Assembly, the second being the Legislative Assembly, and the third being the Directory.[citation needed]
The Napoleonic era, from 1799 to 1815, was marked by Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power in France. He became Emperor in 1804 and sought to expand French influence across Europe. Major events include the Napoleonic Wars, the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, and Napoleon's exile to Elba and later to Saint Helena. His legacy shaped European politics and military.
Rulers
Heads and leaders of states affected by Napoleon's regime and the Napoleonic wars:
- Austria
- Francis II(1792–1835)
- Francis I(1804–1835)
- Napoleon I(1806–1813)
- Denmark–Norway: Christian VII (1766–1808), Frederick VI (Regent 1784–1808, King of Denmark 1808–1839, King of Norway 1808–1814)
- Duchy of Warsaw: Frederick Augustus I of Saxony, by personal arrangement with Napoleon, partial liberation (1806–1815) of the former Commonwealth of Poland–Lithuania
- Egypt: Muhammad Ali(1805–1848)
- Louis (1801–03), Charles Louis(1803–1807)
- France
- Napoleon Bonaparte(1799–1804)
- Napoleon I(1804–1814, 1815)
- Louis XVIII(1814–15, 1815–1824)
- Great Britain
- George III (1760–1801), Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger(1793–1801)
- George (1811–1820); Prime Ministers William Pitt the Younger (1801, 1804–06), Henry Addington (1801–04), The Lord Grenville (1806–07), The Duke of Portland (1807–09), Spencer Perceval (1809–1812), The Earl of Liverpool(1812–1827)
- Haiti: Jean-Jacques Dessalines (as Governor-General 1804, as Emperor Jacques I 1804–06), Henri Christophe (as President 1806–1811, as King Henri I 1811–1820)
- Louis II(1810)
- Holy Roman Empire: Francis II (1792–1806)
- Napoleon I(1805–1814)
- Naples: Ferdinand IV (1799–1806, 1815–16), Joseph Bonaparte (1806–08), Joachim Murat (1808–1815)
- Netherlands: William I (1815–1840)
- Montenegro: Petar I Petrović-Njegoš (1782–1830)
- Ottoman Empire: Selim III (1789–1807), Mustafa IV (1807–08), Mahmud II (1808–1839)
- Papal States: Pius VII (1800–1823)
- Portugal: Mary I (1777–1816), John VI (Regent 1799–1816, King 1816–1826)
- Prussia: Frederick William III (1797–1840)
- Russian Empire: Paul I (1796–1801), Alexander I (1801–1825)
- Victor Emmanuel I(1802–1821)
- Saxony: Frederick Augustus I (1763–1827)
- Serbia
- Miloš Obrenovićfrom 1815 onwards.
- Sicily: Ferdinand III (1759–1816)
- Ferdinand VII (1808, 1813–1833), Joseph I(1808–1813)
- Charles XIII(1809–1818)
- United States: Presidents John Adams (1797–1801), Thomas Jefferson (1801–1809), James Madison (1809–1817)
- Württemberg: Frederick I (1797–1816)
Wars
- French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802)
- Egyptian Campaign(1798–1801)
- War of the Second Coalition (1799–1802)
- Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815)
- War of the Third Coalition (1805)
- War of the Fourth Coalition (1806–1807)
- Gunboat War (1807–1814)
- Peninsular War (1808–1814)
- War of the Fifth Coalition (1809)
- French invasion of Russia (1812)
- War of the Sixth Coalition (1812–1814)
- Hundred Days (1815)
- Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)
- Anglo-Turkish War (1807–1809)
- Anglo-Russian War(1807–1812)
- Finnish War (1808–1809)
- War of 1812 (1812–1815)
- Swedish-Norwegian War(1814)
Major battles
- Battle of Marengo – 14 June 1800
- Battle of Abukir – 8 March 1801
- Battle of Alexandria -21 March 1801
- Battle of Copenhagen – 2 April 1801
- Battle of Trafalgar – 21 October 1805
- Battle of Austerlitz – 2 December 1805
- Battle of Jena-Auerstedt– 14 October 1806
- Battle of Eylau – 7–8 February 1807
- Battle of Friedland – 14 June 1807
- Battle of Vimeiro – 21 August 1808
- Battle of Somosierra – 30 November 1808
- Battle of Eckmühl – 21–22 April 1809
- Battle of Aspern-Essling – 21–22 May 1809
- Battle of Wagram – 5–6 July 1809
- Battle of Talavera – 27–28 July 1809
- Battle of Salamanca – 22 July 1812
- Battle of Borodino – 7 September 1812
- Battle of Lützen – 2 May 1813
- Battle of Bautzen – 20–21 May 1813
- Battle of Vitoria – 21 June 1813
- Battle of Dresden – 26–27 August 1813
- Battle of Leipzig – 16–19 October 1813
- Battle of Paris – 30–31 March 1814
- Battle of Waterloo – 18 June 1815
See also
- First Empire: The International Magazine for the Napoleonic Enthusiast, Historian, and Gamer (magazine)
References
- ^ a b "Napoleonic Period Collection". content.lib.washington.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
- The Napoleonic era at Britannica