Narcissus pseudonarcissus
Wild daffodil or Lent lily | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Order: | Asparagales |
Family: | Amaryllidaceae |
Subfamily: | Amaryllidoideae |
Genus: | Narcissus |
Species: | N. pseudonarcissus
|
Binomial name | |
Narcissus pseudonarcissus | |
Synonyms | |
See text |
Narcissus pseudonarcissus,
This species has pale yellow
Distribution
The species is native to Western Europe from
In England, the
Taxonomy
Synonyms
The history of N. pseudonarcissus has generated a large number of synonyms,[12] including:
Synonym list |
---|
Ajax breviflos Haw. |
Ajax cambricus Haw. |
Ajax capax M.Roem. |
Ajax cernuus Haw. |
Ajax cuneifolius Haw. |
Ajax fenestralis Gray |
Ajax festalis (Salisb.) Salisb. |
Ajax festinus Jord. |
Ajax gayi Hénon |
Ajax hexangularis (Haw.) Herb. |
Ajax lobularis Haw. |
Ajax montinus Jord. |
Ajax multicus J.Gay |
Ajax platylobus Jord. |
Ajax porrigens Jord. |
Ajax praelongus Jord. |
Ajax pseudonarcissus (L.) Haw. |
Ajax pygmaeus M.Roem. |
Ajax radians M.Roem. |
Ajax rudbeckii M.Roem. |
Ajax sabiniamus Herb. |
Ajax serratus (Haw.) Haw. |
Ajax serratus var. suavis Haw. |
Ajax sexangularis M.Roem. |
Ajax telamonius Haw. |
Ajax telamonius var. grandiplenus Haw. |
Ajax telamonius var. plenus Haw. |
Ganymedes cernuus Haw. |
Narcissus ajax Sweet |
Narcissus andersonii Sabine ex M.Roem. |
Narcissus breviflos (Haw.) Steud. |
Narcissus festalis Salisb. |
Narcissus gayi (Hénon) Pugsley |
Narcissus gayi var. praelongus (Jord.) Pugsley |
Narcissus glaucus Hornem. |
Narcissus horsfeldii Burb. |
Narcissus luteus Bubani |
Narcissus pisanus Pugsley |
Narcissus radians Lapeyr. |
Narcissus renaudii Bavoux. |
Narcissus serratus Haw. |
Narcissus sylvestris Lam. |
Narcissus telamonius (Haw.) Link |
Oileus hexangularis Haw. |
Subspecies
There are a number of
- ssp. pseudonarcissus agm[14] Narcissus pseudonarcissus subsp. pseudonarcissus - Lent lily, wild daffodil - England and Wales
- ssp. bicolor (syn. N. bicolor L.)
- ssp. calcicarpetanus Fernández Casas
- ssp. eugeniae [citation needed] - Central Spain (syn. N. eugeniae Fernández Casas)
- ssp. major - Spanish daffodil, great daffodil - Iberia (syn. N. hispanicus Gouan.)
- ssp. moschatus (L.) Baker agm[15] - swan's-neck daffodil (syn. ssp. candidissimus Desf.; syn. N. moschatus L., N. alpestris Pugsley.)
- ssp. munozii-garmendiae Fernández Casas
- ssp. nevadensis - Iberia (syn. N. nevadensis Pugsley)
- ssp. nobilis - (syn. N. nobilis (Haw.) Schult. & Schult.f.) large flower daffodil - Iberia. The largest floral diameter of Narcissus, at over 12.5 cm[citation needed]
- ssp. obvallaris agm[16] - Tenby daffodil - southern Wales (syn. N. obvallaris, Salisb., sometimes considered to be derived from relict cultivation of ssp. major [1])
- ssp. pallidiflorus - pale flower daffodil - Spain and France
- ssp. portensis - Iberia (syn. N. portensis Pugsley)
- ssp. pugsleyanus Barra & López - Spain
- ssp. radinganorum [citation needed] (syn. N. radinganorum Fernández Casas) - southeast Spain
Varieties
Narcissus pseudonarcissus ssp. pseudonarcissus itself has many varieties (described by H.W. Pugsley in an article in the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society of 1933), including var. festinus, var. humilis, var. insignis, var. minoriformis, var. montinus, var. platylobus and var. porrigens. The eighth variety described by Pugsley, var. pisanus, was further defined by A. Fernandes in the Daffodil and Tulip Year Book of 1968.
Double-flowered cultivars
Recent research in Wales, southwest England and northern France by keen horticulturists has discovered a small number of remarkably distinct, double-flowered specimens of N. pseudonarcissus growing among wild or naturalised populations of normal N. pseudonarcissus. Such rare forms were known to exist as long ago as the late 16th and early 17th century by botanists and
Emblem
The daffodil is the national flower of Wales, it is called Cennin Pedr (Peter's Leek) in Welsh. The daffodil is also the county flower of Gloucestershire.[18]
Health risks
Like all Narcissus species, daffodils contain the alkaloid poison lycorine, mostly in the bulb, but also in the leaves.[19][20] Because of this, daffodil bulbs and leaves should never be eaten.
See also
References
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 289, Narcissus pseudonarcissus
- ^ Gray, Samuel Frederick. 1821. Natural Arrangement of British Plants, According to Their Relation to Each Other 2:191, as Ajax fenestralis
- ^ Jordan, Claude Thomas Alexis. 1903. Jord. & Fourr. Icon. Fl. Eur. iii. 2. as Ajax festinus
- ^ Pugsley, Herbert William. 1933. Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society 1933, 58:72, as Narcissus gayi
- ^ Sell, Peter Derek. 1996. Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 5: 364, as Narcissus pseudonarcissus forma pleniflorus
- ^ Haworth, Adrian Hardy. 1831. Monog. Narciss. 4, as Oileus hexangularis
- ^ Simons, Paul (26 April 2013). "Plantwatch: Under attack – the wild British daffodil". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 Dec 2014.
- ^ 2011, 'Nature Reserve Guide', Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust published for its 50th anniversary
- ^ 'The Daffodil Trails', (undated), Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust
- ^ "Wild daffodil | The Wildlife Trusts". www.wildlifetrusts.org. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
- ^ "Cultivated Daffodil agg. | NatureSpot". www.naturespot.org.uk. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
- ^ "Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
- ^ "Botanical names in the genus Narcissus". rhs.org.uk. Royal Horticultural Society. December 2016. Retrieved 2017-07-02.
- ^ "Narcissus pseudonarcissus subsp. pseudonarcissus". RHS. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "Narcissus moschatus". RHS. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "Narcissus obvallaris". RHS. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- )
- ^ Plantlife website County Flowers page Archived 2015-04-30 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Food and nutrition Daffodil dinner Archived 2009-01-04 at the Wayback Machine David Trinklein, Department of Horticulture, University of Missouri, Accessed March 2008
- ^ "Pupils ill after bulb put in soup". BBC News. 2009-05-03. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
Further reading
Newton, Rosemary; Hay, Fiona; Ellis, Richard (February 2015). "Ecophysiology of seed dormancy and the control of germination in early spring-flowering Galanthus nivalis and Narcissus pseudonarcissus (Amaryllidaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 177 (2): 246–262. .
External links
Media related to Narcissus pseudonarcissus at Wikimedia Commons