Swami Vivekananda
Religion | Hinduism |
---|---|
Citizenship | British subject |
Era | Modern philosophy |
Region | Eastern philosophy |
School |
|
Religious career | |
Guru | Ramakrishna |
Disciples | |
Influenced by
| |
Literary works |
"Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached"
(more on Wikiquote)
Swami Vivekananda (
Born into an aristocratic
After great success at the Parliament, in the subsequent years, Vivekananda delivered hundreds of lectures across the United States, England and Europe, disseminating the core tenets of
Vivekananda was one of the most influential
Early life (1863–1888)
Birth and childhood
Vivekananda was born as Narendranath Datta (name shortened to Narendra or Naren)[18] in a Bengali Kayastha family[19][20] in his ancestral home at 3 Gourmohan Mukherjee Street in Calcutta,[21] the capital of British India, on 12 January 1863 during the Makar Sankranti festival.[22] He belonged to a traditional family and was one of nine siblings.[23] His father, Vishwanath Datta, was an attorney at the Calcutta High Court.[19][24] Durgacharan Datta, Narendra's grandfather was a Sanskrit and Persian scholar[25] who left his family and became a monk at age twenty-five.[26] His mother, Bhubaneswari Devi, was a devout housewife.[25] The progressive, rational attitude of Narendra's father and the religious temperament of his mother helped shape his thinking and personality.[27][28] Narendranath was interested in spirituality from a young age and used to meditate before the images of deities such as Shiva, Rama, Sita, and Mahavir Hanuman.[29] He was fascinated by wandering ascetics and monks.[28] Narendra was mischievous and restless as a child, and his parents often had difficulty controlling him. His mother said, "I prayed to Shiva for a son and he has sent me one of his demons".[26]
Education
In 1871, at the age of eight, Narendranath enrolled at Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's
William Hastie (principal of Christian College, Calcutta; from where Narendra graduated) wrote, "Narendra is really a genius. I have travelled far and wide but I have never come across a lad of his talents and possibilities, even in German universities, among philosophical students. He is bound to make his mark in life".[42]
Narendra was known for his prodigious memory and the ability at speed reading. Several incidents have been given as examples. In a talk, he once quoted verbatim, two or three pages from
Some accounts have called Narendra a shrutidhara (a person with a prodigious memory).[44]
Initial spiritual forays
In 1880, Narendra joined
It was in this
Not satisfied with his knowledge of philosophy, Narendra came to "the question which marked the real beginning of his intellectual quest for God."[47] He asked several prominent Calcutta residents if they had come "face to face with God", but none of their answers satisfied him.[57][36] At this time, Narendra met Debendranath Tagore (the leader of Brahmo Samaj) and asked if he had seen God. Instead of answering his question, Tagore said, "My boy, you have the Yogi's eyes."[47][41] According to Banhatti, it was Ramakrishna who really answered Narendra's question, by saying "Yes, I see Him as I see you, only in an infinitely intenser sense."[47] According to De Michelis, Vivekananda was more influenced by the Brahmo Samaj's and its new ideas, than by Ramakrishna.[56] Swami Medhananda agrees that the Brahmo Samaj was a formative influence,[58] but that "it was Narendra's momentous encounter with Ramakrishna that changed the course of his life by turning him away from Brahmoism."[59] According to De Michelis, it was Sen's influence which brought Vivekananda fully into contact with western esotericism, and it was also via Sen that he met Ramakrishna.[60]
Meeting Ramakrishna
In 1881, Narendra first met Ramakrishna, who became his spiritual focus after his own father had died in 1884.[61]
Narendra's first introduction to Ramakrishna occurred in a literature class at General Assembly's Institution when he heard Professor William Hastie lecturing on William Wordsworth's poem, The Excursion.[51] While explaining the word "trance" in the poem, Hastie suggested that his students visit Ramakrishna of Dakshineswar to understand the true meaning of trance. This prompted some of his students (including Narendra) to visit Ramakrishna.[62][63][64]
They probably first met personally in November 1881,[note 1] though Narendra did not consider this their first meeting, and neither man mentioned this meeting later.[62] At this time, Narendra was preparing for his upcoming F. A. examination, when Ram Chandra Datta accompanied him to Surendra Nath Mitra's, house where Ramakrishna was invited to deliver a lecture.[66] According to Makarand Paranjape, at this meeting Ramakrishna asked young Narendra to sing. Impressed by his singing talent, he asked Narendra to come to Dakshineshwar.[67]
In late 1881 or early 1882, Narendra went to Dakshineswar with two friends and met Ramakrishna.[62] This meeting proved to be a turning point in his life.[68] Although he did not initially accept Ramakrishna as his teacher and rebelled against his ideas, he was attracted by his personality and began to frequently visit him at Dakshineswar.[69] He initially saw Ramakrishna's ecstasies and visions as "mere figments of imagination"[27] and "hallucinations".[70] As a member of Brahmo Samaj, he opposed idol worship, polytheism and Ramakrishna's worship of Kali.[71] He even rejected the Advaita Vedanta of "identity with the absolute" as blasphemy and madness, and often ridiculed the idea.[70] Narendra tested Ramakrishna, who faced his arguments patiently: "Try to see the truth from all angles", he replied.[69]
Narendra's father's sudden death in 1884 left the family bankrupt; creditors began demanding the repayment of loans, and relatives threatened to evict the family from their ancestral home. Narendra, once a son of a well-to-do family, became one of the poorest students in his college.[72] He unsuccessfully tried to find work and questioned God's existence,[73] but found solace in Ramakrishna and his visits to Dakshineswar increased.[74]
One day, Narendra requested Ramakrishna to pray to goddess Kali for their family's financial welfare. Ramakrishna instead suggested him to go to the temple himself and pray. Following Ramakrishna's suggestion, he went to the temple thrice, but failed to pray for any kind of worldly necessities and ultimately prayed for true knowledge and devotion from the goddess.[75][76][77] Narendra gradually grew ready to renounce everything for the sake of realising God, and accepted Ramakrishna as his Guru.[69]
In 1885, Ramakrishna developed
Founding of Ramakrishna Math
After Ramakrishna's death, his devotees and admirers stopped supporting his disciples.
We underwent a lot of religious practice at the Baranagar Math. We used to get up at 3:00 am and become absorbed in japa and meditation. What a strong spirit of detachment we had in those days! We had no thought even as to whether the world existed or not.
In 1887, Narendra compiled a Bengali song anthology named Sangeet Kalpataru with Vaishnav Charan Basak. Narendra collected and arranged most of the songs of this compilation, but could not finish the work of the book for unfavourable circumstances.[87]
Monastic vows
In December 1886, the mother of Baburam[note 2] invited Narendra and his other brother monks to Antpur village. Narendra and the other aspiring monks accepted the invitation and went to Antpur to spend a few days. In Antpur, on the Christmas Eve of 1886, Narendra, aged 23, and eight other disciples took formal monastic vows at the Radha Gobinda Jiu temple.[88][85] They decided to live their lives as their master lived.[85] Narendranath took the name "Swami Vivekananda".[89]
Travels in India (1888–1893)
In 1888, Narendra left the monastery as a Parivrâjaka— the Hindu religious life of a wandering monk, "without fixed abode, without ties, independent and strangers wherever they go".
First visit to the West (1893–1897)
Vivekananda started his journey to the West on 31 May 1893
Vivekananda wanted to join, but was disappointed to learn that no one without credentials from a
Parliament of the World's Religions
The Parliament of the World's Religions opened on 11 September 1893 at the
Parliament President
Lecture tours in the UK and US
"I do not come", said Swamiji on one occasion in America, "to convert you to a new belief. I want you to keep your own belief; I want to make the
After the Parliament of Religions, he toured many parts of the US as a guest. His popularity opened up new views for expanding on "life and religion to thousands".
Vivekananda spent nearly two years lecturing in the eastern and central United States, primarily in Chicago, Detroit, Boston, and New York. He founded the Vedanta Society of New York in 1894.[125] By spring 1895 his busy, tiring schedule had affected his health.[126] He ended his lecture tours and began giving free, private classes in Vedanta and yoga. Beginning in June 1895, Vivekananda gave private lectures to a dozen of his disciples at Thousand Island Park, New York for two months.[126]
During his first visit to the West he travelled to the
Vivekananda's success led to a change in mission, namely the establishment of Vedanta centres in the West.
Vivekananda attracted followers and admirers in the US and Europe, including
From the West, Vivekananda revived his work in India. He regularly corresponded with his followers and brother monks,[note 5] offering advice and financial support. His letters from this period reflect his campaign of social service,[143] and were strongly worded.[144] He wrote to Akhandananda, "Go from door to door amongst the poor and lower classes of the town of Khetri and teach them religion. Also, let them have oral lessons on geography and such other subjects. No good will come of sitting idle and having princely dishes, and saying "Ramakrishna, O Lord!"—unless you can do some good to the poor".[145][146] In 1895, Vivekananda founded the periodical Brahmavadin to teach the Vedanta.[147] Later, Vivekananda's translation of the first six chapters of The Imitation of Christ was published in Brahmavadin in 1899.[148] Vivekananda left for India on 16 December 1896 from England with his disciples Captain and Mrs. Sevier and J.J. Goodwin. On the way, they visited France and Italy, and set sail for India from Naples on 30 December 1896.[149] He was later followed to India by Sister Nivedita, who devoted the rest of her life to the education of Indian women and India's independence.[126][150]
Back in India (1897–1899)
The ship from Europe arrived in
On 1 May 1897 in Calcutta, Vivekananda founded the
Vivekananda earlier inspired
Second visit to the West and final years (1899–1902)
Despite declining health, Vivekananda left for the West for a second time in June 1899
After a brief visit to the
Death
On 4 July 1902 (the day of his death),
Teachings and philosophy
Part of a series on | |
Hindu philosophy | |
---|---|
Orthodox | |
|
|
Heterodox | |
|
|
Part of a series on |
Advaita |
---|
Hindu philosophy |
While synthesising and popularising various strands of Hindu-thought, most notably
He was also influenced by Ramakrishna, who gradually brought Narendra to a Vedanta-based worldview that "provides the ontological basis for 'śivajñāne jīver sevā', the spiritual practice of serving human beings as actual manifestations of God."[185]
Vivekananda propagated that the essence of Hinduism was best expressed in Adi Shankara's Advaita Vedanta philosophy.[186] Nevertheless, following Ramakrishna, and in contrast to Advaita Vedanta, Vivekananda believed that the Absolute is both immanent and transcendent.[note 6] According to Anil Sooklal, Vivekananda's neo-Vedanta "reconciles Dvaita or dualism and Advaita or non-dualism," viewing Brahman as "one without a second," yet "both qualified, saguna, and qualityless, nirguna."[189][note 7] Vivekananda summarised the Vedanta as follows, giving it a modern and Universalistic interpretation,[186] showing the influence of classical yoga:
Each soul is potentially divine. The goal is to manifest this Divinity within by controlling nature, external and internal. Do this either by work, or worship, or mental discipline, or philosophy—by one, or more, or all of these—and be free. This is the whole of religion. Doctrines, or dogmas, or rituals, or books, or temples, or forms, are but secondary details.
Vivekananda's emphasis on nirvikalpa samadhi was preceded by medieval yogic influences on Advaita Vedanta.
Vivekananda popularised the notion of
Vivekananda linked morality with control of the mind, seeing truth, purity and unselfishness as traits which strengthened it.[196] He advised his followers to be holy, unselfish and to have shraddhā (faith). Vivekananda supported brahmacharya,[197] believing it the source of his physical and mental stamina and eloquence.[198]
Vivekananda's acquaintance with Western esotericism made him very successful in Western esoteric circles, beginning with his speech in 1893 at the Parliament of Religions. Vivekananda adapted traditional Hindu ideas and religiosity to suit the needs and understandings of his Western audiences, who were especially attracted by and familiar with Western esoteric traditions and movements like
Nationalism was a prominent theme in Vivekananda's thought. He believed that a country's future depends on its people, and his teachings focused on human development.[204] He wanted "to set in motion a machinery which will bring noblest ideas to the doorstep of even the poorest and the meanest".[205]
Influence and legacy
Vivekananda was one of the most influential
Neo-Vedanta
Vivekananda was one of the main representatives of
Indian nationalism
In the background of emerging nationalism in British-ruled India, Vivekananda crystallised the nationalistic ideal. In the words of social reformer Charles Freer Andrews, "The Swami's intrepid patriotism gave a new colour to the national movement throughout India. More than any other single individual of that period Vivekananda had made his contribution to the new awakening of India".[211] Vivekananda drew attention to the extent of poverty in the country, and maintained that addressing such poverty was a prerequisite for national awakening.[212] His nationalistic ideas influenced many Indian thinkers and leaders. Sri Aurobindo regarded Vivekananda as the one who awakened India spiritually.[213] Mahatma Gandhi counted him among the few Hindu reformers "who have maintained this Hindu religion in a state of splendor by cutting down the dead wood of tradition".[214]
Name-giving
In September 2010, the then Union Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee, who subsequently became President of India from 2012 to 2017, approved in principle the Swami Vivekananda Values Education Project at a cost of ₹1 billion (US$13 million), with objectives including: involving youth with competitions, essays, discussions and study circles and publishing Vivekananda's works in a number of languages.[215] In 2011, the West Bengal Police Training College was renamed the Swami Vivekananda State Police Academy, West Bengal.[216] The state technical university in Chhattisgarh has been named the Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University.[217] In 2012, the Raipur airport was renamed Swami Vivekananda Airport.[218]
Celebrations
While National Youth Day in India is observed on his birthday, 12 January, the day he delivered his masterful speech at the Parliament of Religions, 11 September 1893, is "World Brotherhood Day".[219][220] The 150th birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda was celebrated in India and abroad. The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports in India officially observed 2013 as the occasion in a declaration.[221]
Movies
Indian film director Utpal Sinha made a film,
Works
Lectures
Although Vivekananda was a powerful orator and writer in English and Bengali,[225] he was not a thorough scholar,[226] and most of his published works were compiled from lectures given around the world which were "mainly delivered [...] impromptu and with little preparation".[226] His main work, Raja Yoga, consists of talks he delivered in New York.[227]
Literary works
Bartaman Bharat meaning "Present Day India"[228] is an erudite Bengali language essay written by him, which was first published in the March 1899 issue of Udbodhan, the only Bengali language magazine of Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission. The essay was reprinted as a book in 1905 and later compiled into the fourth volume of The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda.[229] [230] In this essay his refrain to the readers was to honour and treat every Indian as a brother irrespective of whether he was born poor or in lower caste.[231]
Publications
- Published in his lifetime[232]
- Sangeet Kalpataru (1887, with Vaishnav Charan Basak)[87]
- Karma Yoga (1896)[233][234]
- Raja Yoga (1896 [1899 edition])[235]
- Vedanta Philosophy: An address before the Graduate Philosophical Society (1896)
- Lectures from Colombo to Almora (1897)
- Bartaman Bharat (in Bengali) (March 1899), Udbodhan
- My Master (1901), The Baker and Taylor Company, New York
- Vedânta philosophy: lectures on Jnâna Yoga (1902) Vedânta Society, New York OCLC 919769260
- Jnana yoga (1899)
- Published posthumously
Published after his death (1902)[232]
- Addresses on Bhakti Yoga
- Bhakti Yoga
- The East and the West (1909)[236]
- Inspired Talks (1909)
- Narada Bhakti Sutras – translation
- Para Bhakti or Supreme Devotion
- Practical Vedanta
- Speeches and writings of Swami Vivekananda; a comprehensive collection
- Complete Works: a collection of his writings, lectures and discourses in a set of nine volumes[237]
- Seeing Beyond the Circle (2005)[238]
See also
- List of Hindu gurus and saints
- Ātman
- Self-control and discipline
- Soul
- Vivekananda Vidyaniketan Educational Institutions
- Yoga
Notes
- ^ The exact date of the meeting is unknown. Vivekananda researcher Shailendra Nath Dhar studied the Calcutta University Calendar of 1881—1882 and found in that year, examination started on 28 November and ended on 2 December[65]
- ^ A brother monk of Narendranath
- ^ On learning that Vivekananda lacked credentials to speak at the Chicago Parliament, Wright said "To ask for your credentials is like asking the sun to state its right to shine in the heavens".[106]
- ^ McRae quotes "[a] sectarian biography of Vivekananda,"[115] namely Sailendra Nath Dhar A Comprehensive Biography of Swami Vivekananda, Part One, (Madras, India: Vivekananda Prakashan Kendra, 1975), p. 461, which "describes his speech on the opening day".[116]
- ^ Brother monks or brother disciples means other disciples of Ramakrishna who lived monastic lives.
- ^ According to Michael Taft, Ramakrishna reconciled the dualism of form and formless,[187] regarding the Supreme Being to be both Personal and Impersonal, active and inactive.[188] Ramakrishna: "When I think of the Supreme Being as inactive – neither creating nor preserving nor destroying – I call Him Brahman or Purusha, the Impersonal God. When I think of Him as active – creating, preserving and destroying – I call Him Sakti or Maya or Prakriti, the Personal God. But the distinction between them does not mean a difference. The Personal and Impersonal are the same thing, like milk and its whiteness, the diamond and its lustre, the snake and its wriggling motion. It is impossible to conceive of the one without the other. The Divine Mother and Brahman are one."[188]
- non-dualism, pure and simple. Hence it is sometimes referred to as Kevala-Advaita or unqualified monism. It may also be called abstract monism in so far as Brahman, the Ultimate Reality, is, according to it, devoid of all qualities and distinctions, nirguna and nirvisesa [...] The Neo-Vedanta is also Advaitic inasmuch as it holds that Brahman, the Ultimate Reality, is one without a second, ekamevadvitiyam. But as distinguished from the traditional Advaita of Sankara, it is a synthetic Vedanta which reconciles Dvaita or dualism and Advaita or non-dualism and also other theories of reality. In this sense it may also be called concrete monism in so far as it holds that Brahman is both qualified, saguna, and qualityless, nirguna (Chatterjee, 1963 : 260)."[189]
- ^ The Advaita Vedanta tradition in medieval times was influenced by, and incorporated elements from, the yogic tradition and texts like the Yoga Vasistha and the Bhagavata Purana.[192] The Yoga Vasistha became an authoritative source text in the Advaita vedanta tradition in the 14th century, while Vidyāraņya's Jivanmuktiviveka (14th century) was influenced by the (Laghu-) Yoga-Vasistha, which in turn was influenced by Kashmir Shaivism.[193]
References
- ^ "World fair 1893 circulated photo". vivekananda.net. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
- ^ "Bhajanānanda (2010), Four Basic Principles of Advaita Vedanta, p.3" (PDF). Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- ^ a b c d De Michelis 2005.
- ^ "Swami Vivekananda: A short biography". www.oneindia.com. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
- ^ "Life History & Teachings of Swami Vivekanand". Retrieved 3 May 2017.
- ^ "International Yoga Day: How Swami Vivekananda helped popularise the ancient Indian regimen in the West". 21 June 2017.
- ^ a b Feuerstein 2002, p. 600.
- ISBN 978-0-374-23676-2.
- ^ Clarke 2006, p. 209.
- ^ Barrows, John Henry (1893). The World's Parliament of Religions. The Parliament of Religions Publishing Company. p. 101.
- ^ Dutt 2005, p. 121.
- ^ "Sisters and brothers of America — full text of Swami Vivekananda's iconic Chicago speech". The Print. 4 July 2019.
- ^ Jackson 1994, p. 115.
- ^ Von Dense 1999, p. 191.
- ^ "Know About Swami Vivekananda on National Youth Day 2022". SA News Channel. 11 January 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- ^ "National Youth Day 2022: Images, Wishes, and Quotes by Swami Vivekananda That Continue to Inspire us Even Today!". News18. 12 January 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- ^ Virajananda 2006, p. 21.
- ^ Paul 2003, p. 5.
- ^ a b Banhatti 1995, p. 1.
- ISBN 978-0-226-19910-8.
- ^ "Devdutt Pattanaik: Dayanand & Vivekanand". 15 January 2017.
- ^ Badrinath 2006, p. 2.
- ^ Mukherji 2011, p. 5.
- ^ Badrinath 2006, p. 3.
- ^ a b Bhuyan 2003, p. 4.
- ^ a b Banhatti 1995, p. 2.
- ^ a b c d Nikhilananda 1964.
- ^ a b Sen 2003, p. 20.
- ^ a b c Bhuyan 2003, p. 5.
- ^ Banhatti 1995, p. [page needed].
- ^ Banhatti 1995, p. 4.
- ^ Arrington & Chakrabarti 2001, pp. 628–631.
- ^ Sen 2003, p. 21.
- ^ a b c Sen 2006, pp. 12–14.
- ^ Sen 2003, pp. 104–105.
- ^ a b Pangborn & Smith 1976, p. 106.
- ^ Dhar 1976, p. 53.
- ^ a b Malagi & Naik 2003, pp. 36–37.
- ^ Prabhananda 2003, p. 233.
- ^ Banhatti 1995, pp. 7–9.
- ^ a b Chattopadhyaya 1999, p. 31.
- ISBN 978-81-269-0639-0.
- ^ Banhatti 1995, pp. 156, 157.
- ^ Swami Vivekananda's 114th death anniversary: Lesser known facts about the spiritual leader. India Today. 4 July 2016.
- ^ a b c De Michelis 2005, p. 99.
- ^ De Michelis 2005, p. 100.
- ^ a b c d e Banhatti 1995, p. 8.
- ^ a b Badrinath 2006, p. 20.
- ^ De Michelis 2005, p. 31-35.
- ^ De Michelis 2005, p. 19-90, 97–100.
- ^ a b c Chattopadhyaya 1999, p. 29.
- ^ a b De Michelis 2005, p. 46.
- ^ De Michelis 2005, p. 46-47.
- ^ De Michelis 2005, p. 47.
- ^ De Michelis 2005, p. 81.
- ^ a b De Michelis 2005, p. 49.
- ^ Sen 2006, pp. 12–13.
- ^ Medhananda 2022, p. 17.
- ^ Medhananda 2022, p. 22.
- ^ De Michelis 2005, p. 50.
- ^ De Michelis 2005, p. 101.
- ^ a b c Chattopadhyaya 1999, p. 43.
- ^ Ghosh 2003, p. 31.
- ^ Badrinath 2006, p. 18.
- ^ Chattopadhyaya 1999, p. 30.
- ^ Badrinath 2006, p. 21.
- ^ Paranjape 2012, p. 132.
- ^ a b Prabhananda 2003, p. 232.
- ^ a b c Banhatti 1995, pp. 10–13.
- ^ a b Rolland 1929a, pp. 169–193.
- ^ Arora 1968, p. 4.
- ^ Bhuyan 2003, p. 8.
- ^ Sil 1997, p. 38.
- ^ Sil 1997, pp. 39–40.
- ^ Kishore 2001, pp. 23–25.
- ^ Nikhilananda 1953, pp. 25–26.
- ^ Sil 1997, p. 27.
- ^ a b Isherwood 1976, p. 20.
- ^ Pangborn & Smith 1976, p. 98.
- ^ a b Rolland 1929b, pp. 201–214.
- ^ Banhatti 1995, p. 17.
- ^ "A 'skeleton bent like a bow', Sri Ramakrishna's battle with cancer made him child-like". ThePrint. 30 October 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- ^ Sil 1997, pp. 46–47.
- ^ Banhatti 1995, p. 18.
- ^ a b c Nikhilananda 1953, p. 40.
- ^ Chetananda 1997, p. 38.
- ^ a b Chattopadhyaya 1999, p. 33.
- ^ "Aatpur – Bengal's village where Swami Vivekananda took Sanyas".
- ^ Bhuyan 2003, p. 10.
- ^ Rolland 2008, p. 7.
- ^ Dhar 1976, p. 243.
- ^ a b Richards 1996, pp. 77–78.
- ^ Bhuyan 2003, p. 12.
- ^ a b Rolland 2008, pp. 16–25.
- ^ Banhatti 1995, p. 24.
- ^ Gosling 2007, p. 18.
- ^ a b c Bhuyan 2003, p. 15.
- ^ Paranjape 2005, pp. 246–248.
- ^ Badrinath 2006, p. 158.
- ^ De Michelis 2005, p. 110.
- ^ a b c "Charles Bonney and the Idea for a World Parliament of Religions". The Interfaith Observer. 15 June 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- ^ "World Parliament of Religions, 1893 (Boston Collaborative Encyclopedia of Western Theology)". people.bu.edu. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- ^ De Michelis 2005, p. 111-112.
- ^ a b c De Michelis 2005, p. 112.
- ^ a b Minor 1986, p. 133.
- ^ a b Bhuyan 2003, p. 16.
- ^ "When East Met West – in 1893". The Attic. Archived from the original on 20 April 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
- ^ Houghton 1893, p. 22.
- ^ Bhide 2008, p. 9.
- ^ a b Paul 2003, p. 33.
- ^ Banhatti 1995, p. 27.
- ^ a b Bhuyan 2003, p. 17.
- ^ Paul 2003, p. 34.
- ^ a b McRae 1991, p. 17.
- ^ McRae 1991, p. 16.
- ^ McRae 1991, p. 34, note 20.
- ^ a b McRae 1991, pp. 18.
- ^ a b c d Prabhananda 2003, p. 234.
- ^ Farquhar 1915, p. 202.
- ^ Sharma 1988, p. 87.
- ^ Adiswarananda 2006, pp. 177–179.
- ^ Bhuyan 2003, p. 18.
- ^ a b Thomas 2003, pp. 74–77.
- ^ Vivekananda 2001, p. 419.
- ^ Gupta 1986, p. 118.
- ^ a b c d e f Isherwood & Adjemian 1987, pp. 121–122.
- ^ Banhatti 1995, p. 30.
- ^ a b Chetananda 1997, pp. 49–50.
- ^ "Swami Vivekananda Know Photos America 1893–1895". vivekananda.net. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
- ^ De Michelis 2005, p. 120.
- ^ a b De Michelis 2005, p. 119-123.
- ^ De Michelis 2005, p. 123-126.
- ^ De Michelis 2005, p. 125-126.
- ^ De Michelis 2005, p. 149-180.
- ^ Chetananda 1997, p. 47.
- ^ Bardach, A. L. (30 March 2012). "What Did J.D. Salinger, Leo Tolstoy, and Sarah Bernhardt Have in Common?". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
- ^ Burke 1958, p. 618.
- ^ Thomas 2003, pp. 78–81.
- ^ Wuthnow 2011, pp. 85–86.
- ^ Rinehart 2004, p. 392.
- ^ Vrajaprana 1996, p. 7.
- ^ Shack, Joan (2012). "A Monumental Meeting" (PDF). Sri Sarada Society Notes. 18 (1). Albany, New York.
- ^ Kattackal 1982, p. 219.
- ^ Majumdar 1963, p. 577.
- ^ Burke 1985, p. 417.
- ^ Sharma 1963, p. 227.
- ^ Sheean 2005, p. 345.
- ^ Sharma 1988, p. 83.
- ^ a b c Banhatti 1995, pp. 33–34.
- ^ Dhar 1976, p. 852.
- ^ Bhuyan 2003, p. 20.
- ^ Thomas 1974, p. 44.
- ^ Miller 1995, p. 181.
- ^ a b c Banhatti 1995, pp. 34–35.
- ^ Ganguly 2001, p. 27.
- ^ Kraemer 1960, p. 151.
- ^ Prabhananda 2003, p. 235.
- ^ Lulla, Anil Buddy (3 September 2007). "IISc looks to Belur for seeds of birth". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
- ^ Kapur 2010, p. 142.
- ^ Virajananda 2006, p. 291.
- ^ Banhatti 1995, pp. 35–36.
- ^ Virajananda 2006, p. 450.
- ^ a b c Banhatti 1995, pp. 41–42.
- ^ Banhatti 1995, p. xv.
- ^ Banhatti 1995, pp. 43–44.
- ^ Banhatti 1995, pp. 45–46.
- ^ Chattopadhyaya 1999, pp. 218, 274, 299.
- ^ a b Chattopadhyaya 1999, p. 283.
- ^ Banhatti 1995, p. 46.
- ^ Bharathi 1998b, p. 25.
- ^ Sen 2006, p. 27.
- ^ Virajananda 1918, p. 81.
- ^ Virajananda 2006, pp. 645–662.
- ^ "Towards the end". Vivekananda A Biography. www.ramakrishnavivekananda.info. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
- ^ King 2002.
- ^ Kipf 1979.
- ^ Rambachan 1994.
- ^ Halbfass 1995.
- ^ Rinehart 2004.
- ^ Michelis 2004, p. 46.
- ^ a b Flood 1996, p. 258.
- ^ a b Michelis 2004, p. 99.
- ^ Michelis 2004, p. 100.
- ^ Michelis 2004, p. 19-90, 97-100.
- ^ Maharaj 2020, p. 177.
- ^ a b Jackson 1994, pp. 33–34.
- ^ Taft 2014.
- ^ ISBN 978-81-7823-483-0. Archived from the originalon 4 March 2016.
- ^ a b Sooklal 1993, p. 33.
- ^ Madaio 2017, p. 5.
- ^ Comans 1993.
- ^ Madaio 2017, p. 4-5.
- ^ Madaio 2017, p. 4.
- ^ a b Heehs 2020, p. 175.
- ^ a b Nanda 2010, p. 335.
- ^ Bhuyan 2003, p. 93.
- ^ Seifer 2001, p. 164.
- ^ Vivekananda 2001, Conversations and Dialogues, Chapter "VI – X Shri Priya Nath Sinha", Vol 5.
- ^ Michelis 2004, p. 119-123.
- ^ Michelis 2004, p. 123-126.
- ^ Michelis 2004, p. 119–123.
- ^ Michelis 2004, p. 125–126.
- ^ Michelis 2004, p. 149–180.
- ^ Vivekananda 1996, pp. 1–2.
- ^ "Swami Vivekananda life and teaching". Belur Math. Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
- ^ Mohapatra 2009, p. 14
- ^ Piazza 1978, p. 59
- ^ Dutta 2003, p. 110.
- ^ Rambachan 1994, pp. 6–8.
- ^ a b Shattuck 1999, pp. 93–94.
- ^ Bharathi 1998b, p. 37.
- ^ Bharathi 1998b, pp. 37–38.
- ^ Bhide 2008, p. 69.
- ^ Parel 2000, p. 77.
- ^ "National implementation committee approves funds for Swami Vivekananda values' education project". 6 September 2010. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ "Swami Vivekananda State Police Academy". Swami Vivekananda State Police Academy. Archived from the original on 4 August 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
- ^ "Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekananda Technical University". Csvtu.ac.in. 19 November 2012. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
- ^ "Pranab hopes Raipur airport's new terminal will support Chhattisgarh's growth". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
- ^ "National Youth Day" (PDF). National Portal of India. Government of India. 10 January 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
- ^ "Remembering Swami Vivekananda". Zee News.India. 11 January 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
- ^ "2013–14 Declared the Year for Skill Development of the Youth Parliamentary Consultative Committee Attached to Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports Meets". PTI. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
- ^ "Year-long events to mark Vivekananda's 150th birthday". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
- ISBN 9780851706696.
- Telegraph India.
- ^ Das 1991, p. 530.
- ^ a b De Michelis 2005, p. 150.
- ^ De Michelis 2005, p. 149-150.
- ^ Mittra 2001, p. 88.
- ^ Chattopadhyaya 1999, p. 118.
- ^ Vivekananda, Swami. "Modern India (Complete Works of Vivekananda - Volume IV - Translations: Prose)". www.ramakrishnavivekananda.info. Ramakrishna Mission. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
- ^ Dalal 2011, p. 465.
- ^ a b "Vivekananda Library online". vivekananda.net. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
- ^ De Michelis 2005, p. 124.
- ^ Kearney 2013, p. 169.
- ^ Banhatti 1995, p. 145.
- ^ Urban 2007, p. 314.
- ^ Vivekananda, Swami. "Complete Works - Index - Volumes". www.ramakrishnavivekananda.info. Ramakrishna Mission. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
- ISBN 9780977483006.
Sources
- Adiswarananda, Swami, ed. (2006), Vivekananda, world teacher : his teachings on the spiritual unity of humankind, Woodstock, Vermont: SkyLight Paths Pub, ISBN 1-59473-210-8
- Arrington, Robert L.; Chakrabarti, Tapan Kumar (2001), "Swami Vivekananda", A Companion to the Philosophers, Blackwell Publishing, ISBN 978-0-631-22967-4
- Arora, V. K. (1968), "Communion with Brahmo Samaj", The social and political philosophy of Swami Vivekananda, Punthi Pustak
- Badrinath, Chaturvedi (2006). Swami Vivekananda, the Living Vedanta. Penguin Books India. ISBN 978-0-14-306209-7.
- Banhatti, G.S. (1995), ISBN 978-81-7156-291-6
- Banhatti, G.S. (1963), The Quintessence of Vivekananda, Pune, India: Suvichar Prakashan Mandal, OCLC 1048955252
- Bharathi, K.S. (1998b), Encyclopaedia of eminent thinkers, vol. 8, New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, ISBN 978-81-7022-709-0
- Bhide, Nivedita Raghunath (2008), Swami Vivekananda in America, Vivekananda Kendra, ISBN 978-81-89248-22-2
- Bhuyan, P. R. (2003), Swami Vivekananda: Messiah of Resurgent India, New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, ISBN 978-81-269-0234-7
- ISBN 978-0-902479-99-9
- ISBN 978-0-87481-219-0
- Chattopadhyaya, Rajagopal (1999), Swami Vivekananda in India: A Corrective Biography, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-1586-5
- Chetananda, Swami (1997). God lived with them: life stories of sixteen monastic disciples of Sri Ramakrishna. St. Louis, Missouri: Vedanta Society of St. Louis. ISBN 0-916356-80-9.
- Clarke, Peter Bernard (2006), New Religions in Global Perspective, Routledge
- Comans, Michael (1993), The Question of the Importance of Samadhi in Modern and Classical Advaita Vedanta. In: Philosophy East and West Vol. 43, No. 1 (January 1993), pp. 19-38.
- Dalal, Roshen (October 2011). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books India. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
- Das, Sisir Kumar (1991), A History of Indian Literature: 1800–1910, Western impact : Indian response, Sahitya Akademi, ISBN 978-81-7201-006-5
- Von Dense, Christian D. (1999), Philosophers and Religious Leaders, Greenwood Publishing Group
- Dhar, Shailendra Nath (1976), A Comprehensive Biography of Swami Vivekananda (2nd ed.), Madras, India: Vivekananda Prakashan Kendra, OCLC 708330405
- Dutta, Krishna (2003), Calcutta: a cultural and literary history, Oxford: Signal Books, ISBN 978-1-56656-721-3
- Dutt, Harshavardhan (2005), Immortal Speeches, New Delhi: Unicorn Books, p. 121, ISBN 978-81-7806-093-4
- Farquhar, J. N. (1915), Modern Religious Movements in India, London: Macmillan
- Flood, Gavin D. (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press
- Ganguly, Adwaita P. (2001), Life and Times of Netaji Subhas: From Cuttack to Cambridge, 1897–1921, VRC Publications, ISBN 978-81-87530-02-2
- Feuerstein, Georg (2002), The Yoga Tradition, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
- Ghosh, Gautam (2003). The Prophet of Modern India: A Biography of Swami Vivekananda. Rupa & Company. ISBN 978-81-291-0149-5.
- Gosling, David L. (2007). Science and the Indian Tradition: When Einstein Met Tagore. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-14333-7.
- Gupta, Raj Kumar (1986), The Great Encounter: A Study of Indo-American Literary and Cultural Relations, Delhi: Abhinav Publications, ISBN 978-81-7017-211-6, retrieved 19 December 2012
- Halbfass, Wilhelm (1995), Philology and Confrontation: Paul Hacker on Traditional and Modern Vedānta, SUNY Press
- Heehs, Peter (2020), "Sri Aurobindo's Theory of Spiritual Evolution", in Mackenzie Brown, C. (ed.), Asian Religious Responses to Darwinism: Evolutionary Theories in Middle Eastern, South Asian, and East Asian Cultural Contexts, Springer Nature
- Houghton, Walter Raleigh, ed. (1893), The parliament of religions and religious congresses at the World's Columbian exposition (3rd ed.), Frank Tennyson Neely, OL 14030155M
- ISBN 978-0-87481-030-1
- ISBN 978-0-06-250402-9
- Jackson, Carl T (1994), "The Founders", Vedanta for the West: the Ramakrishna movement in the United States, Indianapolis, Indiana: Indiana University Press, ISBN 978-0-253-33098-7
- Kashyap, Shivendra (2012), Saving Humanity: Swami Vivekanand Perspective, Vivekanand Swadhyay Mandal, ISBN 978-81-923019-0-7
- Kapur, Devesh (2010), Diaspora, development, and democracy: the domestic impact of international migration from India, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-12538-1
- Kattackal, Jacob (1982), Religion and ethics in Advaita, Kottayam, Kerala: St. Thomas Apostolic Seminary, ISBN 978-3-451-27922-5
- Kearney, Richard (13 August 2013). Anatheism: Returning to God After God. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-51986-1.
- King, Richard (2002), Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India and "The Mystic East", Routledge
- Kipf, David (1979), The Brahmo Samaj and the shaping of the modern Indian mind, Atlantic Publishers & Distri
- Kishore, B. R. (2001). Swami Vivekanand. Diamond Pocket Books. ISBN 978-81-7182-952-1.
- Kraemer, Hendrik (1960), "Cultural response of Hindu India", World cultures and world religions, London: Westminster Press, ASIN B0007DLYAK
- Madaio, James (2017), "Rethinking Neo-Vedānta: Swami Vivekananda and the Selective Historiography of Advaita Vedānta", Religions, 8 (6): 101,
- Maharaj, Ayon (2020). "Śivajñāne jīver sevā: Reexamining Swami Vivekananda's Practical Vedānta in the Light of Sri Ramakrishna". Journal of Dharma Studies. 2 (2): 175–187. S2CID 202387300.
- Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (1963), Swami Vivekananda Centenary Memorial Volume, Kolkata: Swami Vivekananda Centenary, p. 577, ASIN B0007J2FTS
- Malagi, R.A.; Naik, M.K. (2003), "Stirred Spirit: The Prose of Swami Vivekananda", Perspectives on Indian Prose in English, New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, ISBN 978-81-7017-150-8
- McRae, John R. (1991), "Oriental Verities on the American Frontier: The 1893 World's Parliament of Religions and the Thought of Masao Abe", Buddhist-Christian Studies, 11, University of Hawai'i Press: 7–36, JSTOR 1390252
- Medhananda, Swami (2022). Swami Vivekananda's Vedāntic Cosmopolitanism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-762446-3.
- Michelis, Elizabeth De (2004), A History of Modern Yoga: Patanjali and Western Esotericism, Continuum, ISBN 978-0-8264-8772-8
- ISBN 978-0-8264-8772-8.
- Miller, Timothy (1995), "The Vedanta Movement and Self-Realization fellowship", America's Alternative Religions, Albany, New York: SUNY Press, ISBN 978-0-7914-2398-1
- Minor, Robert Neil (1986), "Swami Vivekananda's use of the Bhagavad Gita", Modern Indian Interpreters of the Bhagavad Gita, Albany, New York: SUNY Press, ISBN 978-0-88706-297-1
- Mittra, Sitansu Sekhar (2001). Bengal's Renaissance. Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-81-87504-18-4.
- Mukherji, Mani Shankar (2011), ISBN 978-0-14-310119-2
- Nanda, Meera (2010), "Madame Blavatsky's Children: Modern Hindu Encounters with Darwinism", in Lewis, James R.; Hammer, Olav (eds.), Handbook of Religion and the Authority of Science, BRILL
- Nikhilananda, Swami (April 1964), "Swami Vivekananda Centenary", Philosophy East and West, 14 (1), University of Hawai'i Press: 73–75, JSTOR 1396757
- Nikhilananda, Swami (1953), Vivekananda: A Biography (PDF), New York: Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center, ISBN 0-911206-25-6, retrieved 19 March 2012
- Pangborn, Cyrus R.; Smith, Bardwell L. (1976), "The Ramakrishna Math and Mission", Hinduism: New Essays in the History of Religions, Brill Archive
- Paranjape, Makarand (2005), Penguin Swami Vivekananda Reader, Penguin India, ISBN 0-14-303254-2
- Paranjape, Makarand R. (2012). Making India: Colonialism, National Culture, and the Afterlife of Indian English Authority. Springer. ISBN 978-94-007-4661-9.
- Parel, Anthony (2000), Gandhi, Freedom, and Self-Rule, Lexington Books, ISBN 978-0-7391-0137-7
- Paul, Dr S. (2003). Great Men Of India : Swami Vivekananda. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-81-207-9138-1.
- Prabhananda, Swami (June 2003), "Profiles of famous educators: Swami Vivekananda" (PDF), Prospects, XXXIII (2), Netherlands: S2CID 162659685, archived from the original(PDF) on 10 October 2008, retrieved 20 December 2008
- Rambachan, Anantanand (1994), The limits of scripture: Vivekananda's reinterpretation of the Vedas, Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0-8248-1542-4
- Richards, Glyn (1996), "Vivekananda", A Source-Book of Modern Hinduism, Routledge, pp. 77–78, ISBN 978-0-7007-0317-3
- Rinehart, Robin (1 January 2004). Contemporary Hinduism: Ritual, Culture, and Practice. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-905-8.
- Rolland, Romain (1929a), "Naren the Beloved Disciple", The Life of Ramakrishna, Hollywood, California: Vedanta Press, pp. 169–193, ISBN 978-81-85301-44-0
- Rolland, Romain (1929b), "The River Re-Enters the Sea", The Life of Ramakrishna, Hollywood, California: Vedanta Press, pp. 201–214, ISBN 978-81-85301-44-0
- Rolland, Romain (2008), The Life of Vivekananda and the Universal Gospel (24th ed.), Advaita Ashrama, p. 328, ISBN 978-81-85301-01-3
- Seifer, Marc (2001), Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla : Biography of a Genius, Citadel, ISBN 978-0-8065-1960-9
- ISBN 0-19-564565-0
- ISBN 978-81-7824-130-2
- Sharma, Arvind (1988), "Swami Vivekananda's Experiences", Neo-Hindu Views of Christianity, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, ISBN 978-90-04-08791-0
- Sharma, Benishankar (1963), Swami Vivekananda: A Forgotten Chapter of His Life, Kolkata: Oxford Book & Stationary Co., ASIN B0007JR46C
- Shattuck, Cybelle T. (1999), "The modern period ii: forces of change", Hinduism, London: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-21163-5
- Sheean, Vincent (2005), "Forerunners of Gandhi", Lead, Kindly Light: Gandhi and the Way to Peace, Kessinger Publishing, ISBN 978-1-4179-9383-3
- Shetty, B. Vithal (2009), World as seen under the lens of a scientist, Bloomington, Indiana: Xlibris Corporation, ISBN 978-1-4415-0471-5
- Sil, Narasingha Prosad (1997), Swami Vivekananda: A Reassessment, Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania: Susquehanna University Press, ISBN 0-945636-97-0
- Sooklal, Anil (1993), "The Neo-Vedanta Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda" (PDF), Nidan, 5
- Taft, Michael (2014), Nondualism: A Brief History of a Timeless Concept, Cephalopod Rex
- Thomas, Abraham Vazhayil (1974), Christians in Secular India, Madison, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, ISBN 978-0-8386-1021-3
- Thomas, Wendell (1 August 2003). Hinduism Invades America 1930. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7661-8013-0.
- Urban, Hugh B. (1 January 2007). Tantra: Sex, Secrecy, Politics and Power in the Study of Religion. Motilal Banarsidass Publisher. ISBN 978-81-208-2932-9.
- Virajananda, Swami, ed. (2006) [1910], The Life of the swami Vivekananda by his eastern and western disciples... in two volumes (6th ed.), Kolkata: Advaita Ashrama, ISBN 81-7505-044-6
- Virajananda, Swami (1918), The Life of the Swami Vivekananda, vol. 4, Prabuddha Bharata Office, Advaita Ashrama, retrieved 21 December 2012
- Vivekananda, Swami (2001) [1907], Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda, vol. 9 Volumes, Advaita Ashrama, ISBN 978-81-85301-75-4
- Vivekananda, Swami (1996), Swami Lokeswarananda (ed.), My India : the India eternal (1st ed.), Calcutta: Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, pp. 1–2, ISBN 81-85843-51-1
- Vrajaprana, Pravrajika (1996). A portrait of Sister Christine. Calcutta: Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture. ISBN 978-81-85843-80-3.
- Wuthnow, Robert (1 July 2011). America and the Challenges of Religious Diversity. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-3724-3.
- Wolffe, John (2004). Religion in History: Conflict, Conversion and Coexistence. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-7107-2.
Further reading
Bibliography
- Sister Nivedita (1913). Swami Saradananda (ed.). Notes of Some Wanderings with the Swami Vivekananda. Calcutta: The Brahmachari Gonendranath Udbodhan Office.
- Burke, Marie Louise (1957). Swami Vivekananda in the West: New Discoveries. Kolkata: Advaita Ashrama.
- Sambudhdhananda, Swami (1963). ISBN 81-7505-280-5.
- Gokhale, B. G. (January 1964). "Swami Vivekananda and Indian Nationalism". JSTOR 1460427.
- Banhatti, G. S. (1989). ISBN 978-81-7156-291-6.
- Majumdar, R. C. (1999). Swami Vivekananda: A historical review. Calcutta: Advaita Ashrama.
- King, Richard (2002). Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India and "The Mystic East". Routledge.
- Bhuyan, Pranaba Ranjan (2003). ISBN 978-81-269-0234-7.
- Penguin Books India.
- Chauhan, Abnish Singh (2004). Swami Vivekananda: Select Speeches. Prakash Book Depot. ISBN 978-81-7977-466-3.
- Chauhan, Abnish Singh (2006). Speeches of Swami Vivekananda and Subhash Chandra Bose: A Comparative Study. Prakash Book Depot. ISBN 978-81-7977-149-5.
- ]
- ISBN 93-5177-179-2
Other sources
- Mitra, Sarbajit (22 October 2023). "A Cricket Match in Bengal's Chinsurah and its Fascinating Connection to the 1857 Revolt". thewire.in. Kolkata: The Wire. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- Mukhopadhyay, Atreyo (4 May 2019). "When Swami Vivekananda claimed seven wickets and other Eden Gardens tales". newindianexpress.com. Kolkata: The New Indian Express. Express News Service. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
External links
- Swami Vivekananda at Curlie
- Works about Vivekananda via the Open Library
- Works by Vivekananda via the Open Library
- Works by or about Swami Vivekananda at Internet Archive
- Works by Swami Vivekananda at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- Biography at Belur Math's official website
- Complete Works of Vivekananda, Belur Math publication Archived 21 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine