Nargis

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This article is about the Indian actress. For other uses, see Nargis (disambiguation).

Nargis Dutt
Bombay, Maharashtra, India
Resting placeBada Qabrastan Mumbai
Other names
  • Nargis Dutt
  • Nirmala Dutt
  • Baby[2]
  • Baby Nargis[3]
Occupations
  • Actress
  • politician
Years active1935–1936
1942–1968
Spouse
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
In office
3 April 1980 – 3 May 1981 (her death)

Nargis Dutt[3][5] (born Fatima Rashid, also known as Nirmala Dutt; 1 June 1929 – 3 May 1981) was an Indian actress and politician who worked in Hindi cinema. Regarded as one of the finest and greatest actresses in the history of Indian cinema,[6] Nargis often portrayed sophisticated and independent women. Her work was in a range of genres, from screwball comedy to literary drama, and earned her various accolades.[3]

In a career spanning three decades, Nargis made her screen debut in a minor role at the age of six with Talash-E-Haq (1935),[7] but her acting career actually began with the film Tamanna (1942).[8] Nargis had her first leading role with Taqdeer (1943). Nargis had her breakthrough with the romance film Andaz (1949) and the musical Barsaat (1949). Following this she starred in Raj Kapoor's crime drama Awaara (1951), which was a major critical and financial success. After a brief setback in the early 1950s, she reemerged with the comedy-drama Shree 420 (1955) and the romantic comedy Chori Chori (1956). Nargis starred in Mehboob Khan's Oscar-nominated epic drama Mother India (1957), the highest-grossing film in India at that point of time, for which she won Filmfare Award for Best Actress. She would appear infrequently in films during the 1960s. Some of her films of this period include the drama Raat Aur Din (1967), for which she received the inaugural National Film Award for Best Actress.

Nargis married her Mother India co-star

The Spastic Society of India and her subsequent work with the organisation brought her recognition as a social worker and later a Rajya Sabha nomination in 1980.[10]

Nargis died in 1981 of

Hindi films with the film Rocky.[8] In 1982, the Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Foundation was established in her memory. The award for Best Feature Film on National Integration in the Annual Film Awards ceremony is called the Nargis Dutt Award in her honour. In 2011, Rediff.com listed her as the greatest Indian actress of all time.[11]

Early life

Kolkata, the city Nargis was born in

Nargis was born on 1 June 1929 as Fatima Rashid in

Calcutta, Bengal Presidency.[3] She introduced Nargis into the movie culture unfolding in India at the time. Nargis' maternal half-brother, Anwar Hussain, was also a film actor.[16]

Career

1935 - 1948: Film debut and breakthrough

Fatima made her first film appearance in the 1935 film

daffodil flower. She was subsequently credited as Nargis in all of her films.[17][18]

Nargis appeared in numerous films after her debut. In 1943 at the age of 14, she appeared in Mehboob Khan's Taqdeer, opposite Motilal.[19] The film was a box office success, and she was extensively praised for her performance. Filmindia referred to it as "an excellent debut".[citation needed] Following Taqdeer, Nargis starred in the 1944 film Anban. Nargis next starred in the 1945 period drama Humayun, opposite the leading actor of those times, Ashok Kumar and the mythological film Ramayani. In 1946 she starred in Nargis. These films were moderately successful.

In 1948, she made her first collaboration with

crores. Her last film of the year was Anokha Pyar, which was not a success.[20]

1949 - 1954: Rise to prominence, success and setback

Portrait of Nargis from Jan Pahechan
Nargis with actors Raj Kapoor and Dilip Kumar in a scene from their 1949 film Andaz

In 1949, Nargis starred in Mehboob Khan's critically acclaimed drama Andaz. The film saw her playing Neena, whose husband Rajan (Raj Kapoor) suspects of her having an affair with her friend Dilip (Dilip Kumar). It had a slow start at the box office, but as soon as positive word-of-mouth spread, it emerged as a major commercial success and the highest-grossing film of all time.[21] The film was first hit in Kapoor's career, and a breakthrough for Nargis and Kumar.[citation needed] Following this she starred in Barsaat, directed by Kapoor starred Nargis as a village belle and Kapoor as a poet. The film was the debut of Nimmi, who would later become a well-known actress. Its release was already hyped due to the huge success of Andaz, and therefore it became another major box office success. Barsaat was the highest-grossing film of 1949, as well as of all time, breaking the record of Andaz.[22][23]

She followed this with roles in the 1950 films Meena Bazaar, the romantic drama Jogan, Jan Pahechan, the musical drama Babul, and Aadhi Raat. Both Jogan and Babul were box office hits and her performance in Babul was specially noticed. Following this she starred in the drama films Hulchul and Deedar (both 1951). Due to the success of Andaz and Barsaat, Raj Kapoor was impressed by Nargis' onscreen charm and presence. He therefore chose her to play a character in Awaara (1951) (often written as Awāra). Although it revolved around a father and his estranged son, Nargis played the pivotal role of a lawyer who knows the truth that Raj (played by Kapoor) and Raghunath (played by Prithviraj Kapoor) are son-father. Unlike the roles played by other actresses of those times, Nargis portrayed an outspoken woman-lawyer who criticises the people who regard woman as a "thing made for household chores". She was also seen donning a swimwear in a scene from Awaara, a bold outfit for an Indian woman to wear in that era. The film was released on 14 December 1951, receiving universal acclaim for the performances of Prithviraj, Raj and Nargis. Not only in India, the film was a blockbuster overseas too, making Nargis and Raj well-known stars in countries such as Greece and the United States. Grossing ₹12.5 million in India, it became the highest-grossing film of all time, breaking the record of Barsaat.[24][25]

In 1952, Nargis starred in the romance film Bewafa, which was not a major success. Following this, she also starred in the psychological drama Anhonee Nargis was highly appreciated for enacting a dual role and her performance garnered critical acclaim.[26] Furthermore, rediff commented "The ethereal actress is equally adept at bringing out the conflicting qualities of both -- the gregarious courtesan Mohini as well as her dignified half-sister and heiress, Roop".[27] She then starred in the adventure film Amber. Out of her releases of 1952, only Anhonee was a success. Following this was the 1953 film Dhoon, which was not a major success. Her last film of the year was the romantic drama Aah, which too was not major success, despite this it is often regarded as a cult classic.[28] Her only film of 1954 was Angarey.

1955 - 1958: Resurgence and stardom

Nargis in Mehboob Khan's Mother India, which remains her most popular work.

Nargis revived her career with Raj Kapoor's social drama Shree 420 (1955). In the film, Nargis portrays a school teacher who becomes Raj's (played by Kapoor) love interest. It was Nargis' last under Raj Kapoor's direction.[29][30] Commenting on the performance, rediff said that "The perfromances help the film's endorsement of ethical living and high thinking. Nargis' quiet demeanour in the film contrasted with Raj Kapoor's flamboyance". The film was a major blockbuster, emerging as the highest grossing film in India at the time.[31]

She once again collaborated with Kapoor for the box office success Chori Chori (1956), which revolves around a girl (Nargis) who runs away from her house in order to marry a gold digger pilot (Pran), but ends up falling for a news reporter (Kapoor) whom she meets in a bus. Described by theprint which praised the lead's chemistry.[32] The film was also a major box office success emerging as one of the highest grossing films of the year. In the same year, she did a special appearance in Kapoor's Jagte Raho. The film was her last to co-star Raj Kapoor.[33][34]

In 1957, she appeared in Mehboob Khan's Oscar-nominated epic drama

Pardesi (marketed as Journey Beyond Three Seas in English), which was an Indo-Soviet co-production.[42] After her marriage to Sunil Dutt in 1958, Nargis gave up her film career to settle down with her family, after her last few films were released.[43] From 1951 to 1957, Box Office India ranked Nargis as the top actress.[44]

1960 - 1968: Final films

She made her last film appearance in the psychological drama Raat Aur Din (1967), being convinced to act after 15 years.[37] The film was well received and Nargis' performance as a woman who has dissociative identity disorder was critically acclaimed. For her performance in the film, she received a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress, and won the inaugural National Film Award for Best Actress.[45]

Nargis was also nominated to the

Indian Parliament) from 1980 to 1981,[5][46] but due to cancer she fell ill and died during her tenure.[47]

Personal life

Nargis with husband Sunil Dutt

Nargis had a long-time relationship with actor Raj Kapoor, who was her co-star in the films Awaara and Shree 420. Raj Kapoor was married and had children. After he refused to divorce his wife, Nargis ended their nine-year-long relationship.[48][49]

Nargis married actor

Mohyal descent, on 11 March 1958. Prior to their marriage, Nargis converted to Hinduism and adopted the name Nirmala Dutt.[50][51] Reportedly, Dutt had saved her life from a fire on the sets of Mother India.[52] She had also reportedly helped Dutt's sister and mother. They had three children: Sanjay Dutt, Namrata Dutt, and Priya Dutt.[53] Sanjay went on to become a successful film actor. Namrata married actor Kumar Gaurav, son of veteran actor Rajendra Kumar who had appeared alongside Nargis and Sunil Dutt in Mother India. Priya became a politician and a Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha).[52]

With her husband, Nargis formed the Ajanta Arts Cultural Troupe, which involved several leading actors and singers of the time, and performed at remote frontiers to entertain the Indian soldiers at border. It was the first troupe to perform in

the Spastics Society of India. Her charitable work for the organisation got her recognition as a social worker.[54]

Nargis loved wearing white saris, speaking over the telephone and eating panipuris sold on the streets. She was an excellent swimmer and enjoyed playing cricket with her brothers.[43] The founder of the Spastic Society of India, Mithu Alur, stated in an interview that Nargis had a dream of pursuing medicine that she could never fulfill.[55]

Illness and death

On 2 August 1980, Nargis fell ill during a session of the Rajya Sabha, with the initial cause assumed to be

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City.[56][57]

Upon her return to India, her condition deteriorated and she was admitted at Breach Candy Hospital. Nargis went into a coma on 2 May 1981 after she became seriously ill and died the next day, aged 51. Because she feared fire, she wanted to be buried in accordance with the Muslim customs. Her body was carried on a bier according to Hindu customs. Sunil and Sanjay offered Namaz along with other mourners.[58] She was buried at Bada Qabrastan Mumbai.[59] On 7 May 1981, at the premiere of her son's debut film Rocky, one seat was kept vacant for her.[52]

One year after her death, the Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Foundation was established by Sunil Dutt in her memory.[60] Although Nargis' death is attributed to pancreatic cancer, her daughter, Namrata Dutt Kumar, claimed her mother had successfully fought the cancer but died from a urinary tract infection. Nargis's son, Sanjay Dutt, added that her lowered immunity levels made her susceptible to the infection.[61][62]

Public image

Nargis's portrait in Filmindia magazine

Nargis is regarded as one of the greatest and finest actress of

Outlook India's "75 Best Bollywood Actresses" list.[67] One of the highest paid actress of the 1950s, Nargis appeared in Box Office India's "Top Actresses" list from 1948 to 1957, and topped the list for eight years (1951-1957).[68]

Nargis's sarees were a major style statement in the 1950s.

News18.[75][76]

Artistry and legacy

Acting style and reception

Nargis was known for her female characters that stood "shoulder-to-shoulder" with the male characters.[77][78] Along with Madhubala, she also had large fan following in Greece.[79] She is regarded among the finest and versatile actresses of Indian cinema. She was especially noted for her portrayal of strong, independent woman in her films.[80]

Nargis was noted for playing independent and versatile characters, such as in Awaara (left) and Chori Chori (right). In the former, she played a law student.[65]

Samriddhi Patwa of

The Tribune said, "In almost all her films Nargis created a woman who could be desired and deified. The charisma of Nargis's screen image lay in that it oscillated between the simple and the chic with equal ease."[82] Surendra Kumar of The Sunday Guardian stated, "She was a versatile actor who could carry off serious roles, light roles and even comic roles with the same élan. She could be urbane and sophisticated, as in Awaara, Chori Chori and Andaz; simple and ordinary, as in Sri 420; and every inch a traditional village woman, as in Mother India."[37] Dinesh Raheja of Rediff.com said, "Whereas most actors have one definitive forte, Nargis won over the 1950s audiences and critics with strikingly versatile characterisations."[83]

"Multiple personality disorder isn´t something that you see often in films. Nargis´ chilling portrayal brought out all the horror of a person suffering from such a malady. Her face changes when from the docile wife Varuna she turns into the cabaret dancer Peggy. You get the feeling that all her living-life-to-the hilt act is but enforced mirth. The best thing is that her madness isn´t your routine filmi melodrama but a slow descent towards the mouth of hell. She´s a must watch in Awaara and Andaz as well."

—Filmfare on Nargis's performance in Raat Aur Din (1967)[84]

Legacy

A scene from the 1949 film

India Times wrote: "Whenever Raj Kapoor and Nargis came together on screen, sparks flew. Their chemistry was electrifying and it crackles with raw passion in Raj Kapoor's Awaara. Nargis's wild and carefree sensuality pulsates and Raj Kapoor's scruffy hair-rebellious persona only adds fuel to the fire".[86] In November 1956, Nargis was sent to the Soviet Union by the Government of India, as a part of delegate - consisting of Raj Kapoor, Suraiya and Kamini Kaushal, where her films were screened.[87] Filmfare later included Nargis's performances in Raat Aur Din and Mother India in its list of "80 Iconic Performances" of Bollywood, placing them 65th and 36th respectively.[84]

Filmography

Main article: Nargis filmography

Accolades

Civilian Award

Year Award Work Result Ref.
1958 Padma Shri Contribution in the field of Arts Honoured [88]

Film Awards

Year Award Category Work Result Ref.
1958 Filmfare Awards Best Actress Mother India Won [89]
1958 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival Best Actress Won [90]
1968 National Film Awards National Film Award for Best Actress Raat Aur Din Won [91]
1969 Filmfare Awards Best Actress Nominated [92]
2001 Stardust Awards Best Actress of the Millennium — Honoured [93]

Tributes and honors

Nargis on a stamp of India, in 1993

A street in

Hindi Cinema.[96][97] Her name was removed from the awards in 2024, for unknown reasons.[98]

Nargis was inducted into the Walk of the Stars, at Bandra Bandstand, where her autograph was preserved under the name Nargis Dutt.[99][100] In 2015, Google celebrated Nargis's 86th birthday with a doodle and noted, "Nagris lifted her ghoonghat headpiece and blazed the silver screen with her portrayal of strong women protagonists".[101] In 2016, Bhaichand Patel wrote about Nargis in his book "Bollywood's Top 20: Superstars of Indian Cinema".[102][103] In 2023, an exhibition at Kiran Nadar Museum of Art in Noida, named "Sitaare Zameen Par", had portraits of Nargis that were captured by JH Thakkar.[104] Her souvenirs were auctioned online, along with that of other actresses, in the same year.[105]

In popular culture

Nargis in 1956

Biographies

  • In 1994, T. J. S. George wrote the first biography on Nargis, titled The Life and Times of Nargis.[106]
  • In 2007, Nargis' daughters Priya and Namrata published a book about the lives of their parents, titled, Mr. and Mrs. Dutt: Memories of our Parents.[107][108][109] Also that year, Darlingji: The True Love Story of Nargis and Sunil Dutt was released by Kishwar Desai.[110][111]

In film

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Further reading

External links

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