Nasal congestion
Nasal congestion | |
---|---|
Other names | Nasal blockage, nasal obstruction, blocked nose, stuffy nose, plugged nose |
Specialty | Otorhinolaryngology |
Nasal congestion is the partial or complete blockage of
Background
In about 85% of cases, nasal congestion leads to mouth breathing rather than nasal breathing.[2] According to Jason Turowski, MD of the Cleveland Clinic, "we are designed to breathe through our noses from birth—it's the way humans have evolved."[3] This is referred to as "obligate nasal breathing."[4]
Nasal congestion can interfere with hearing and speech. Significant congestion may interfere with sleep, cause
Causes
- hay fever,[7]allergic reaction to pollen or grass
- Common cold,[7] influenza or COVID-19
- Rhinitis medicamentosa,[7] a condition of rebound nasal congestion brought on by extended use of topical decongestants (e.g., oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, xylometazoline, and naphazoline nasal sprays)
- Sinusitis or sinus infection[7]
- Narrow or collapsing nasal valve[8]
- Pregnancy may cause women to suffer from nasal congestion due to the increased amount of blood flowing through the body.[7]
- Nasal polyps[7]
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (theorized to cause chronic rhinosinusitis- the "airway reflux paradigm")[9]
Nasal obstruction
Nasal obstruction characterized by insufficient airflow through the nose can be a subjective sensation or the result of objective pathology.[10] It is difficult to quantify by subjective complaints or clinical examinations alone, hence both clinicians and researchers depend both on concurrent subjective assessment and on objective measurement of the nasal airway.[11]
Prevalence of kyphosis has been linked to nasal obstruction in a study.[12]
Treatment
According to
The
See also
References
- ^ "Nasal congestion". MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. A.D.A.M., Inc.
- ISBN 9789350258910.
- ^ Turowski, Jason (2016-04-29). "Should You Breathe Through Your Mouth or Your Nose?". Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 2020-06-28.
- S2CID 44715721.
- PMID 26671020.
- PMID 21236539.
- ^ a b c d e f g Nasal congestion at MedlinePlus, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Update Date: 8/2/2011. Updated by: Neil K. Kaneshiro. Also reviewed by David Zieve.
- ^ "Blocked Nose, Restricted Air Flow". Aerin Medical. Archived from the original on 2016-08-26. Retrieved 2016-07-12.
- PMID 21459504.
- S2CID 20608574.
- S2CID 28523614.
- PMID 26086193.
- ^ Swiner, Carmelita (2020-01-27). "'How to Treat Nasal Congestion and Sinus Pressure". WebMD. Retrieved 2020-06-28.
- PMID 23730580.
- ^ "Is Your Nose Working Against You? 5 Signs of a Deviated Septum". Cleveland Clinic. 7 November 2019. Retrieved 2020-06-28.
Further reading
- Nestor, James (2020). ISBN 978-0735213616.