Nasir-ud-Daulah

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Nasir-ud-dawlah, Asaf Jah IV
)
Not to be confused with Nasir al-Dawla or Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan.

Afzal-ud-Daulah
BornMir Farqunda Ali Khan
(1794-04-25)25 April 1794
Bidar
Died16 May 1857(1857-05-16) (aged 63)
BuriedMakkah Masjid, Hyderabad
FamilyAsaf Jahi
BegumDilwarunnisa Begum
Issue
Father
Sikandar Jah
MotherFazilatunnisa Begum

Mir Farqunda Ali Khan (25 April 1794 – 16 May 1857) commonly known as Nasir-ud-Daulah, was Nizam of Hyderabad, a princely state of British India, from 24 May 1829 until his death in 1857.

Born as Farqunda Ali Khan to Nizam

Sikandar Jah and Fazilatunnisa Begum, Nasir-ud-Daulah ascended the throne in 1829. He inherited a financially weak kingdom. On his request, Lord William Bentinck withdrew all of the European superintendents of civil departments and followed a policy of non-intervention in the Nizam's affairs. The Nizam founded the Hyderabad Medical School in 1846; he also owed large debts to the Arabs, the Rohillas and the British, and in 1853 he signed a treaty with the British during the reign of Governor-General The Earl of Dalhousie
. The British agreed to liquidate all of his debts in return for ceding part of his territory to the British.

Early life

Nasir-ud-Daulah was born as Mir Farkhunda Ali Khan in

Hyderabad, the largest princely state of British India.[4]

Reign

Nasir-ud-Daulah's father Nizam Sikandar Jah died on 21 May 1829.

Maharaja Chandu Lal.[6]

Upon ascending the throne, possibly on the advice of Maharaja Chandu Lal, Nasir-ud-Daulah asked

Resident of Hyderabad Sir Charles Metcalfe stop interfering in matters of civil interest. The governor-general responded affirmatively and the European superintendents of civil departments were removed.[7] Throughout his reign, Bentinck followed a policy of non-intervention in the affairs of the state.[8]

Because of the state's financial difficulties, Nasir-ud-Daulah found it difficult to pay his army. The state was becoming more and more indebted to the British.

Bhir and Osmanabad districts. This made the zamindars (aristocrats) and the large jagirdars more arrogant. In Hingoli district, the Resident was forced to send troops to put down a rebellion.[10]

According to contemporaneous records, highway robbery, looting, murders and

land-grabbing increased during Nasir-ud-Daulah's reign, and bribery and corruption became commonplace. The zamindars exploited the labourers.[10] Fathulla Khan, a minister of the Nizam, said these activities occurred because of the withdrawal of British officers.[11]

In 1835, the Court of Directors of the East India Company revolted and wrote to the British government that there was a breakdown of law and order in the state of Hyderabad and that they could not ignore the misrule. In response, Nasir-ud-Daulah appointed some government workers as confidential servants to various districts of the state to monitor the activities of revenue officers, to suppress any oppression and to administer justice. The servants, however, were illiterate mansabdars (military officers) of low rank, and this system failed. These servants instead became agents of the taluqdars (landed gentry), who misused them to extort money from private individuals.[8][12] Four years later, the Court of Directors wrote a similar letter.[13]

Nasir-ud-Daulah's younger brother, Prince

Golconda Fort. Mubarez was successfully imprisoned, he remained so until his death in 1854.[14][15]

Under the guidance of Prime Minister Siraj-ul-Mulk (until his death in 1853) and the next Prime Minister Salar Jung I, Nasir-ud-Daulah established a modern revenue administration system.[6][16] The kingdom was divided into 16 districts, each of which was administered by a taluqdar who was responsible for its judicial and civil administration.[6] In 1846, Nasir-ud-Daulah founded the Hyderabad Medical School, which is now known as Osmania Medical College. He was interested in recruiting both men and women for the medical field.[17]

By 31 December 1850, Nasir-ud-Daulah's debts to the British had reached ₹7 million (equivalent to ₹5.0 billion or US$63 million in 2023). By mid-1852, he found it difficult to pay his own officers.[18] In 1853, he signed a treaty with the British government, during the rule of Governor-General The Earl of Dalhousie. According to this treaty, the British agreed to liquidate his debts in return for the Nizam ceding the Berar Province to the British.[19][20] In return, the British paid the Nizam's officers.[19]

Death

Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad, where Nasir-ud-Daulah is buried

On 16 May 1857, Nasir-ud-Daulah died. He was buried at the

Afzal-ud-Daulah as the eight Nizam of Hyderabad.[23]

Personal life

Nasir-ud-Daulah had two nikkah wives. His first wife was Dilwarunnisa Begum, the daughter of an unranked officer in his court. His second wife was the daughter of an officer of a lower rank who worked at his palace. He fathered two sons- one from each wife. Afzal-ud-Daulah, born in October 1827, was his son from Dilwarunnisa Begum. Roshan-ud-Daulah, born March 1828, was his second son and was from his second wife.[19]

Titular Name

Upon ascending the throne, Nasir-ud-Daulah took the following titular name: Asaf Jah, Muzaffar-ul-Mumamlik, Nizam-ul-Mulk, Nizam-ul-Daulah, Mir Farkhunda Ali Khan Bahadur, Fateh Jung, Sipah Salar, Ayn Waffadar, Rustam-i-Dauran, Arastu-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Senliena, Iqtidar-i-Kishwarsitan, Muhammad Akbar Shah, Padshah-i-Ghazi. In English, it translates to "Asaf Jah, (equal to

King Solomon), in dignity, the conqueror of dominions, the regulator of the kingdom, the administrator of the state, Mir Farkhunda Ali Khan Bahadur, the victor in battles, the leader of armies, the faithful friend, the Rustam of age, the Aristotle of present time, the slave of King Solomon who rules the realms, Muhammad Akbar Shah, the victorious king".[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Briggs 2007, p. 104.
  2. ISBN 9788188661640
    . Mir Farkhunda Ali Khan (1829-1857) Mir Farkhanda Ali Khan Nusir-ud-Daulu was born in Bidar on 25th April 1794. He was the eldest son of Sikander Jah and after his father's death he succeeded him on 23rd May 1829. During the reign of his father, a number of British officers were employed in several civil services. He continued in the footsteps of his father.
  3. ^ Chandraiah, K. (1998). Hyderabad, 400 Glorious Years. K. Chandraiah Memorial Trust. p. 233. The Nizam permits Chandini Begum entitled Fazilat-unnisa Begum, the mother of Mubarizuddaula to visit the Golkonda Fort
  4. ^ Prabash K. Dutta (3 December 2018). "Beyond Yogi-Owaisi debate: The story of Nizam and Hyderabad". India Today. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
  5. ^ Briggs 2007, p. 100.
  6. ^ a b c "A brief history of the Nizams of Hyderabad". Outlook. 5 August 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  7. ^ Briggs 2007, pp. 96, 105, 307.
  8. ^ a b Briggs 2007, p. 106.
  9. ^ Kate 1987, p. 35.
  10. ^ a b Kate 1987, p. 36.
  11. ^ Kate 1987, p. 37.
  12. ^ Briggs 2007, p. 107.
  13. ^ Briggs 2007, p. 108.
  14. ^ Mallampalli 2017, p. 66.
  15. ^ Seshan, KSS (10 June 2017). "Mubarez-ud-Daulah's era: Of passion, rebellion and conspiracy". The Hindu. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  16. ^ Gribble, J. D. E. History of the Deccan: Volume Two. India: Mittal Publications. pp. 234–235.
  17. ^ Jovita Aranha (4 March 2019). "This Forgotten Hyderabad Woman Was The World's First Female Anaesthesiologist!". The Better India. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  18. ^ Briggs 2007, p. 113.
  19. ^ a b c Briggs 2007, p. 114.
  20. ^ "Pesticide poisoning continues to claim farmers' lives in Maharashtra". The Hindu. 9 December 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  21. ^ Sarojini Regani (1988). Nizam-British Relations, 1724–1857. Concept Publishing Company. p. 300.
  22. ^ "Mecca Masjid, Hyderabad". British Library. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  23. ^ Kate 1987, p. 38.

Further reading

External links

Nasir-ud-Daulah
Asaf Jahi dynasty
Preceded by
Mir Akbar Ali Khan Siddiqi Asaf Jah III
 Nizam of Hyderabad
1829–1857 		Succeeded by
Afzal ad-Dawlah, Asaf Jah V
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