Nassau, Rhineland-Palatinate

Coordinates: 50°18′57″N 7°48′08″E / 50.31583°N 7.80222°E / 50.31583; 7.80222
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the town. For the region, see Nassau (region). For other uses, see Nassau (disambiguation).
Nassau
Town
Coat of arms of Nassau
Coat of arms
Location of Nassau within Rhein-Lahn-Kreis district
Rhein-Lahn-Kreis
Municipal assoc.Bad Ems-Nassau
Government
 • Mayor (2019–24) Manuel Liguori[1] (SPD)
Area
 • Total17.51 km2 (6.76 sq mi)
Elevation
100 m (300 ft)
Population
 (2021-12-31)[2]
 • Total4,592
 • Density260/km2 (680/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
56377
Dialling codes02604
Vehicle registrationEMS, DIZ, GOH
Websitewww.stadt-nassau.de

Nassau (/ˈnæsɔː/ NASS-aw, also UK: /ˈnæsaʊ/ NASS-ow, US: /ˈnɑːsaʊ/ NAHSS-ow, German: [ˈnasaʊ] ⓘ) is a town located in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It lies on the lower course of the Lahn River, on the mouth of the Mühlbach, between Limburg an der Lahn and the spa town of Bad Ems, and is located in the Nassau Nature Park, surrounded by the Westerwald to the north and the Taunus to the south. The town is on the German-Dutch holiday road, the Orange Route. As of 2021, it had a population of 4,592.

As location of

Prussian province; the Dutch royal house; the Luxembourgish ducal house; the capital of the Bahamas; one of the Cook Islands; and in the US, a county in Florida and a county in New York
.

Etymology

In German, nass means "wet" and die Au (female gender)—more often written as die Aue—can be a short form of either Flussaue (floodplain) or Auwald (riparian forest). It can also be used as a synonym for Feuchtwiese (wet meadow). Au(e) derives from Middle High German ouwe, which is related to the Latin aqua ("water"). In the grammatically correct form, "wet floodplain/wet riparian forest" would be nasse Au or nasse Aue, but as a place name, it exists as Nassau. Several places in the German-speaking area are named Nassau, but globally, most places and things named Nassau are ultimately and indirectly named after Nassau, Rhineland-Palatinate, because the region of Nassau and the House of Nassau derive their names from it.

Geography

Nassau is located on the lower course of the Lahn river, between the cities of Limburg an der Lahn and Bad Ems. Within Nassau's city limits, the Mühlbach (de: Mühlbach (Lahn)) flows into the Lahn. The Lahn joins the Rhine at Lahnstein. The closest city with more than 100,000 inhabitants is Koblenz. Other close by cities are Wiesbaden, Mainz, Bonn and Frankfurt. Most of the city (the districts north of the Lahn including the city center) lie in the Westerwald mountain range—the precise part of the Westerwald around Nassau is called Montabaurer Westerwald (Montabaur Westerwald), the southernmost foothills of the mountain range. The Nassauian districts south of the Lahn including Nassau Castle on the other hand, are located in the northernmost foothills of the Taunus mountain range—more precisely in the Westlicher Hintertaunus (Western Rear Taunus). The Lahn is the natural boundary between Westerwald and Taunus.

Administratively, Nassau is located in the Rhine-Lahn district (Rhein-Lahn-Kreis; seat: Bad Ems) in Rhineland-Palatinate (capital: Mainz). The city consists of two quarters: Nassau (with Elisenhütte, Obergutenau, Scheuern, Schützenhaus and Untergutenau) and Bergnassau (with Burg Nassau, Hühnerfarm, Koppelheck and Langau).

Traffic

Nassau has a station called Nassau (Lahn) on the Lahn Valley Railway (Lahntalbahn), which follows the meandering Lahn from Koblenz up to Wetzlar—via Niederlahnstein, Bad Ems, Nassau, Balduinstein, Diez, Limburg an der Lahn and Weilburg, and crosses the Rhine between Koblenz-Oberwerth and Koblenz-Horchheim. Close to Nassau are two stations of the Cologne–Frankfurt high-speed rail line connecting Frankfurt and Wiesbaden to Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf and the Ruhr. The closer station is Montabaur in Rhineland-Palatinate. The second station is Limburg Süd (Limburg South) in Hesse. The latter is the only station in Germany where only long-distance trains stop, with no connections to regional trains. In Montabaur it is possible to change trains to Limburg an der Lahn.

History

Nassau Castle—ancestral seat of the House of Nassau—above the Lahn valley. The lordship associated with Nassau Castle was the namesake of numerous other entities called "Nassau".

The earliest known surviving mention of Nassau refers to the Villa Nassova estate of the

Emperor Charles IV granted Nassau town-privileges rights together with nearby Dausenau and Scheuern. Count Dudo-Heinrich of Laurenburg had the Nassau Castle built about 1100 and his descendants began to call themselves the Counts of Nassau
.

Count Adolf of Nassau served as the elected King of the Romans from 1292 until his death on 2 July 1298.[3] The Counts of Nassau married into the line of the neighbouring Counts of Arnstein (Obernhof/Attenhausen), founders of the monastery at Arnstein. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the town became part of the Duchy of Nassau.

Matthäus Merian's Topographia Hassiae, in 1655. The city with the two castles Nassau Castle and Stein Castle (de: Steinsche Burg
, now only a ruin) on the other side of the Lahn.

Nassau suffered heavily from bombings by American B-26 Marauders during World War II, all three hospitals and almost all of the inner city were completely destroyed.

Despite the ancient and eventful history of this town, it had a population of fewer than 5,000 inhabitants as of 2012.

The town of Nassau became the namesake of the

Hesse-Nassau. William III of England obtained a title Nassau. The Grand Duke of Luxembourg still uses Nassau as a title and it is also part of the Dutch royal family (called Orange-Nassau). Its name has also spawned a multitude of other namings in the Americas, such as Nassau, the capital city of the Bahamas, and Nassau County, New York, in the United States. The name also occurs in the titles of ships, buildings, and even a type of bet used in golf
.

Main sights

Nassau city hall

Located in Nassau, south of the river

Luxembourgish grand ducal house
.

Also located in Nassau above the Lahn valley is the castle ruin Stein (de: Steinsche Burg), and in Nassau-Scheuern exists Castle Heidenpütz (de: Burg Heidenpütz), which is a burgstall (a castle of which less than a ruin is left).

The town is also home to the Stein city castle (de:

Heinrich Friedrich Karl, Reichsfreiherr vom und zum Stein.[4]

People

Portrait of Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein, 1804
Alexander von Falkenhausen in 1940

The Imperial Baron Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein, Prussian statesman and reformer, was born in Nassau on October 25, 1757.[4] Here he wrote his famous Nassauer Memorandum of 1807. Stein descended from an ancient aristocratic dynasty, who had been residents of Nassau since the 12th century. The family estate lies in the centre of the town, called the Steinische Hof, which today is still in the possession of the descendants of the reformer, the Counts von Kanitz. He died in Cappenberg, district of Selm in the year 1831.

Sons and daughters of the city

  • Johann Philipp Bethmann (1715–1793), banker, founder of the banking firm Bethmann brothers in Frankfurt
  • Johann Jakob Bethmann (1717–1792), merchant and shipowner, imperial consul in Bordeaux
  • Simon Moritz Bethmann, (1721–1782), banker and patron, co-founder of the Bethmann brothers' bank in Frankfurt
  • Arnold Rönnebeck (1885–1947), German-American sculptor, lithograph and museum director of the Denver Art Museum
  • ZEW

Personalities who are associated with Nassau

See also

References

  1. ^ Direktwahlen 2019, Rhein-Lahn-Kreis, Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 5 August 2021.
  2. Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz
    . 2022.
  3. ^ "Adolph of Nassau" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 211.
  4. ^ a b Rose, John Holland (1911). "Stein, Heinrich Friedrich Karl, Baron vom und zum" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 871–873.

External links

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