Natalya Gorbanevskaya
Natalya Yevgenyevna Gorbanevskaya | |
---|---|
Наталья Евгеньевна Горбаневская | |
dissident movement in the Soviet Union | |
Natalya Yevgenyevna Gorbanevskaya (Russian: Ната́лья Евге́ньевна Горбане́вская, IPA:
Life in Moscow
Gorbanevskaya was born in Moscow. She graduated from
Dissident activities
From 1968 onwards Gorbanevskaya was active in what was later called the Soviet "dissident movement."
She was founder and first editor of
Gorbanevskaya was also one of eight protesters in the 25 August
In 1969, she signed An Appeal to The UN Committee for Human Rights.[4]
In December 1969 Gorbanevskaya was arrested.[5] In July of the following year she was put on trial and found guilty of offences under Article 190-1 of the RSFSR Criminal Code, committed while of unsound mind. Gorbanevskaya was sentenced to indefinite confinement in a psychiatric hospital where she would be treated for "sluggish schizophrenia", a diagnosis commonly applied to dissidents.[6] Gorbanevskaya was released from the Kazan Special Psychiatric Hospital in February 1972.[7]
Life in emigration
In December 1975, Gorbanevskaya emigrated to Paris.[1] There, French psychiatrists at their request examined Gorbanevskaya and found her to be mentally normal.[8] They concluded that in 1969–72 she had been committed to a psychiatric hospital for political, not medical reasons.[8]
For a time Gorbanevskaya was a celebrity figure in the West. In 1976 Joan Baez released a song dedicated to Gorbanevskaya called "Natalia", written by Roy Apps, Shusha Guppy and G.T. Moore, on the live album From Every Stage. Introducing the song, Baez criticized Gorbanevskaya's internment in the psychiatric hospital and said: "It is because of people like Natalya Gorbanevskaya, I am convinced, that you and I are still alive and walking around on the face of the earth."[1][9]
Adrienne Rich also wrote "For a Sister," from the book Diving into the Wreck: Poems 1971–1972, in acknowledgement of Gorbanevskaya and other women and their wrongful imprisonment.[10]
For thirty years, however, Gorbanevskaya was stateless until Poland granted her citizenship in 2005.
In 2005 Gorbanevskaya took part in
In 2008, she was a signatory of the
On 29 November 2013, Gorbanevskaya died in her house in Paris.[1][12]
Commemoration rally on Red Square, 2013
In August 2013, on the 45th anniversary of her arrest in Red Square, Ms. Gorbanevskaya returned there with nine other demonstrators to commemorate the protest. They were arrested on charges of holding an unsanctioned rally.[13]
Awards
In 2008, October, Gorbanevskaya received Poland's Marie Curie Award.[14][15][16][17] The same year, Gorbanevskaya was nominated for the Angelus Central European Literature Award.[18]
On 22 October 2013 Gorbanevskaya received an honorary medal from
On 27 October 2014 Gorbanevskaya was awarded posthumously the highest Slovak award, the Order of the White Double Cross, for her lifelong efforts to defend democracy and human rights.[20]
Books and other publications
- Gorbanevskaya, Nathalia (November 1968). "Lettre de Moscou" [Letter from Moscow]. JSTOR 24259381.
- Gorbanevskaya, Natalya (1970). Midi Place Rouge. Dossier de la manifestation du 25 août 1968 sur la Place Rouge [The Red Square at Noon: The case on the demonstration of 25 August 1968 at the Red Square] (in French). Paris: Robert Laffont. ASIN B003OS1I6A.
- Gorbanevskaya, Natalia [Наталья Горбаневская] (1970). Полдень: Дело о демонстрации 25 августа 1968 года на Красной площади [Noon: The case on the demonstration of 25 August 1968 at the Red Square] (in Russian). Frankfurt-on-Main: Посев [Seeding].
- Gorbanevskaya, Natalya (1972). Red Square at Noon. London: Andre Deutsch. ISBN 978-0233955179.
- Gorbanevskaya, Natalya (1972). Poems. Manchester: Carcanet Press. ISBN 978-0-85635-002-3.
- Gorbanevskaya, Natalya (March 1972). "Fourteen poems". S2CID 220926995.
- Gorbanevskaya, Natalya; Tjalsma, H. W. (Autumn 1975). "What grief". JSTOR 25088584.
- Gorbanevskaya, Natalya (Autumn 1975). "Recollection". JSTOR 25088585.
- Gorbanevskaya, Natalya (January 1977). "Twelve poems". S2CID 220947830.
- Gorbanevskaya, Natalya (January 1977). "Writing for 'samizdat'". .
- Gorbanevskaya, Nathalia (1982). "Témoignage" [Testimony]. In Galanskov, Youri (ed.). Le manifeste humain précédé par les témoignages de V. Boukovsky, N. Gorbanevskaïa, A. Guinzbourg, E. Kouznetsov [Human manifesto preceded by testimonies of V. Bukovsky, N. Gorbanevskaya, A. Ginzburg, E. Kuznetsov] (in French). Lausanne: Editions L'Age d'Homme. pp. 32–39. ISBN 978-2825109205.
- Gorbanevskaïa, Natalia (2009). "Samizdat et Internet" [Samizdat and Internet]. Revue Russe (in French). 33 (1): 137–143. .
See also
References
- ^ New York Times. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
- ^ A Chronicle of Current Events Nos 1- 11, 30 April 1968 to 31 December 1969.
- ^ A Chronicle of Current Events No 4, 30 October 1968 — 4.1 "The Trial of the Red Square demonstrators". Archived 8 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Yakobson, Anatoly; Yakir, Pyotr; Khodorovich, Tatyana; Podyapolskiy, Gregory; Maltsev, Yuri; et al. (21 August 1969). "An Appeal to The UN Committee for Human Rights". The New York Review of Books.
- ^ A Chronicle of Current Events No 11, 31 December 1969 – 11.1 "The Arrest of Gorbanevskaya."
- ^ A Chronicle of Current Events No 15, 31 August 1970 – 15.1 "The Trial of Gorbanevskaya."
- ^ A Chronicle of Current Events No 24, 5 March 1972 – 24.10 "News in Brief."
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8133-0209-6.
- Rob Horning (4 December 2003). "Joan Baez: The Complete A&M Recordings". PopMatters. Retrieved 24 August 2014. Shusha Guppy herself also recorded it; it was included in her 1974 album Shusha.
- ISBN 978-0-393-28511-6.
- ^ "Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism, June 3rd, 2008, Prague, Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. List of Signatories". 3 June 2008.
- ^ "Умерла Наталья Горбаневская" [Natalya Gorbanevskaya died]. Colta.ru.
- ^ "Natalya Gorbanevskaya, Soviet Dissident and Poet, Dies at 77". The New York Times nytimes.com. Dec 1, 2013. Retrieved November 30, 2023.
- ^ "AKoss-Dyb. Natalia Gorbaniewska uhonorowana przez UMCS" (in Polish). Radio Lublin. 2008-10-24. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
- ^ "Lublin: Doktorat honoris causa UMCS dla Natalii Gorbaniewskiej" (in Polish). Dziennik Wschodni. 2008-10-24. Archived from the original on 2011-09-30. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
- ^ "Natalia Gorbaniewska doktorem honorowym UMCS". Gazeta Wyborcza (in Polish). 2008-10-24. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
- ^ "Natalia Gorbaniewska doktorem honorowym UMCS" (in Polish). Wirtualna Polska. 2008-10-24. Archived from the original on 2012-07-18. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
- ^ Zamojski, Marcin (2008-10-23). "Angelus Central European Literature Award". Translated by Dominika Chojnacka. News.poland.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
- ^ "Gorbanevskaya received medal from Charles University". Radio Prague. 2013-10-22. Archived from the original on 2013-10-23. Retrieved 2013-10-22.
- ^ "Kiska vyznamenal demonštrantov proti okupácii v roku 1968" [Kiska decorated demonstrators against occupation in 1968] (Press release) (in Slovak). SITA. 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2014-10-27.
External links
Links in English
- Kublanovsky, Yury (2002). "Natalya Gorbanevskaya". Modern Poetry in Translation (20). (English translation from a review, published in Novy Mir, No.7, 1997, p. 67–68).
- Gorbanevskaya, Natalia (2013). "Twenty-first Century Russian Poetry translated by Misha Semenov". Big Bridge (17).
- Gorbanevskaya, Natalia. "Poems, with translations into English".
- Weissbort, Daniel (March 1972). "The ordeal of Natalya Gorbanevskaya". S2CID 144923792.
- Barghoorn, Frederick (December 1976). "Red Square at Noon". S2CID 147276285.
- Reid, Allan (September–December 2003). ""Nothing turns out right, but something still emerges:" On the Poetry of Natalia Gorbanevskaia". Canadian Slavonic Papers. 45 (3–4): 351–370. S2CID 154140951.
- Reid, Allan (2008). "Gorbanevskaia and Poland: From Pol'sha to Novaia Pol'sha". Canadian Slavonic Papers. 50 (1–2): 85–100. S2CID 128458820.
- 10 poems by Natalya Gorbanevskaya: Audio of her own reading with text translations into different languages
- Poems and texts by Gorbanevskaya at Prague Writers' Festival
Links in Russian
- List of publications
- Photographs and biography
- Биография
- Наталья Горбаневская. Что помню я о демонстрации
- Информация о демонстрации в бюллетене «Хроника текущих событий» Archived 2012-09-29 at the Wayback Machine
- Информация о суде над демонстрантами в бюллетене «Хроника текущих событий» Archived 2017-02-04 at the Wayback Machine
- https://web.archive.org/web/20071012132901/http://yale.edu/annals/sakharov/documents_frames/Sakharov_008.htm; Письмо Андропова в ЦК про демонстрацию (windows encoding)
- Natella Boltyanskaya (30 May 2014). "Одиннадцатая серия. Наталья Горбаневская" [The eleventh part. Natalya Gorbanevskaya]. Voice of America (in Russian). Parallels, Events, People.